Your search resulted in 3298 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Comparing the resistance of a number of lesser known species of tropical hardwoods to the marine borer Limnoria using a short term laboratory assay
2003 - IRG/WP 03-10500
Naturally durable species of timber are used as an alternative to preservative treated timber for marine structures, but many species have not been evaluated for their potential for use in this environment. EN 275 specifies a 5-year test period - too long a period for screening tests to be economically viable. In this study, durability was assessed by measuring the production of faecal pellets by ...
L M S Borges, S M Cragg, J R Williams
Effects of two wood preservatives and one water repellant on the settlement of fouling communities in a tropical marine environment
2002 - IRG/WP 02-30293
Observations made on recruitment of fouling organisms on treated panels exposed at an Indian harbour, Krishnapatnam on the east coast (Lat: 13028’ to 13059’ N; Long: 80010’ to 80016’ E) during November, 1997 to October, 1999 are reported and compared with fouling communities on control panels. Wooden panels of Erythrina variegata, Paraserianthus falcataria, Tetrameles nudiflora an...
B Tarakanadha, K S Rao
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis of CCA treated wood
1992 - IRG/WP 92-3700
Ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir wood sections were treated with CCA preservative. To elucidate the mechanism of fixation of the CCA, the wood surface was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). CCA treatment increased C1 (carbon bonded to carbon and/or hydrogen) and decreased C2 (carbon bonded to one oxygen) in XPS C1s spectra, both in unextracted and pre-extracted sections. This sugges...
J N R Ruddick, K Yamamoto, P C Wong, K A R Mitchell
Why did Japan replace CCA by alternatives?
2004 - IRG/WP 04-50215
Since chromated copper arsenate (CCA) was technically introduced into Japan in 1963, CCA was used for extending service life of various wood commodities, especially sill plates (dodai) in Japanese houses. However, the problem on the disposal of CCA-treated wood waste became public and related industry concern, and questionnaire survey conducted by Japan Wood Preservers’ Industry Association ind...
H Ishida, T Ito, M Yamai, H Matsusaka, K Tsunoda
Leaching from CCA-impregnated wood to food, drinking-water and silage
1987 - IRG/WP 3433
During the last years The Norwegian Institute of Wood Technology (NIWT) has analysed different foodstuff for contamination by copper, chrome and arsenic from CCA-impregnated wood. There has been some interest for using CCA-impregnated wood in contact with food and drinking-water. Before giving their permission the Norwegian Health Authorities want results from experiments. NIWT therefore started t...
F G Evans
Characterization of checks and cracks on the surface of weathered wood
2000 - IRG/WP 00-40153
The surface roughness of unweathered and untreated pine; unweathered copper chromium arsenate type C (CCA) - treated pine; weathered CCA-treated pine; and weathered CCA-plus-water-repellent (WR) - treated pine was evaluated by a stylus tracing method. Surface roughness parameters Ra, Rz, Rmax, Rk, Rpk, and Rvk were measured. Ra, Rpk, and Rvk were the most appropriate parameters for describing modi...
D P Kamdem, Jun Zhang
Durability of exterior natural wood finishes in Brazil
1985 - IRG/WP 3343
Wood finishes systems were evaluated in natural weathering conditions during 5 (five) years, over "Parana-pine" (Araucaria angustifolia). Test samples results show that: - Semitransparent wood preservative stains, based on polimerized linseed oil, provided very good protection to the wood, compared with the one based on alkyd varnish; - Solid color wood preservative stains provided good durability...
D R Macedo
A novel solvent penetration assessment technique for wood preservativation treatments using waterborne systems
1990 - IRG/WP 2346
Solvent and hence solute (a.i.) penetration during any wood preservation treatment cycle and the flow pathways taken by the solvent in the wood are crucial elements in determining the adequacy of any treatment. Inadequate solvent penetration into specimens or an inappropriate tissue throughflow pattern during impregnation will markedly affect the distribution pattern achieved by many non-diffusibl...
A J Pendlebury, J Coetzee, E Sorfa, A Botha
Natural durability of fifty species of Indian timber in Goa waters against marine wood-borers
1989 - IRG/WP 4150
Results of the investigations on the natural durabilitv of fifty species of Indian timber, based on data collected bv exposing test panels at Betim near Panaji (Goa) continuously for a period of 11 months are presented. The study revealed that none of the timber species tested has any natural resistance at this locality and all the panels were completely destroyed within 11 months. Details on the ...
L N Santhakumaran, S Udaya Bhaskar, J C Jain
Future Directions Regarding Research on the Environmental Impacts of Preservative-Treated Wood: Environmental Impacts of Preservative-Treated Wood. February 8-11, 2004, FL, USA
Workshop – Research Needs
2004 - IRG/WP 04-50222
This paper presents a series of documents that focus on research needs for potential future work focusing on the environmental impacts of preservative-treated wood. These documents were developed through a conference sponsored by the Florida Center for Environmental Solutions (FCES), located in Gainesville, Florida. The conference was held in Orlando, Florida, February 8 – 11, 2004 and the tit...
H M Solo-Gabriele, J D Schert, T G Townsend
Treatment of poplar plywood with solvent and water-borne preservatives
1989 - IRG/WP 3538
Poplar as a light hardwood is appropriate for plywood production. Owing to its low natural durability it is generally recommended to preserve it in all conditions where risks of fungal attack may be present. A research project has been carried out on preservative treatments of plywood commodities. Parameters studied were various treatment cycles, three types of plywood, and a number of solvent and...
J Van Acker, M Stevens
Water-storage for improving the permeability of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don)wood
1999 - IRG/WP 99-40129
The viable bacterial counts in sapwood and intermediate wood of sugi bolts increased immediately after floated in a fresh water pond. Bacterial invasion into the heartwood was not detected apparently during water-storage for 36 weeks, although a few bacterial species have inhabited in freshly-cut heartwood samples. The bacterial species isolated from the water-stored bolts were almost Gramnegative...
S Ohta, S Doi
A review of incising as a means of improving treatment of sawnwood
1994 - IRG/WP 94-40019
The use of incising, perforation of the wood surface, is increased because of the need to treat refractory wood species. This paper reviews the development of incising and shows how the required incising patterns can be determined and specified. Most of the development has been in the area of toothed-roller incisors because of their rapid throughput. Needle, Laser, drill and water jet incisors hav...
P I Morris, J J Morrell, J N R Ruddick
The relationship between the electrical resistance and fixation of water-borne CCA salts and pressure-treated wood
1991 - IRG/WP 3657
Two investigations at 22°C and 30°C have been carried out. The electrical resistance in the treated wood and chemical analyses of the remaining amount of unfixed copper, chromium and arsenic were investigated. Samples impregnated with water were used as references. To hold the samples moist during the investigation, each sample was wrapped in a polyethylene plastic foil immediately after impregn...
F G Evans, B Nossen
Corrosion of fasteners in treated wood
1971 - IRG/WP 303
Surveying tests for determining the corrosion rates of some metals and alloys in wood untreated as well as treated have been made. It is shown that ordinary steel corrodes faster than other common fastener metals such as copper, brass, aluminium and stainless steel do. Zinc coatings, however, will prevent the steel corrosion effectively provided that the coatings are thick sufficiently. Catalytic ...
T Wallin
Water-Borne Copper Naphthenate: An Emerging Wood Preservative
2002 - IRG/WP 02-30280
Waterborne copper naphthenate (WB Cu-N) was used to treat southern yellow pine (Pinus spp) and red maple (Acer rubrum) stakes. The treated stakes were exposed in test sites located in Florida, Michigan and Mississippi for 3 to 6 years. Copper Chromium Arsenate (CCA),
Ammoniacal Copper Quat (ACQ) and Oil-borne Copper Naphthenate (OB Cu-N) were also used to treat some stakes for comparison. Results...
P Nzokou, D P Kamdem, M H Freeman
Durability of heat-treated wood
1999 - IRG/WP 99-40145
Heat-treated wood from the French process were laboratory tested against decay using agar block test and a modified soil block test. Water absorption, bending strength, lignin content and acid number were also determined to evaluate the effect of heat treatment. Heat treated samples exhibit a higher lignin content and a lower acid number compared to untreated control indicating the degradation of ...
D P Kamdem, A Pizzi, R Guyonnet, A Jermannaud
Susceptibility of painted wood to discolouring fungi - influence of binder, solvent and surfactant
1992 - IRG/WP 92-3714
Previous studies have shown that the basic composition of paints, without fungicide addition, can significantly contribute to the varying microbial susceptibility of painted wood. Previously, non-weathered water-borne acrylic paints applied to wood without a primer were shown to be more susceptible to mould attack than solvent-borne alkyd paints. The present study was initiated to reveal if this d...
J Bjurman, C Herder
Performance of different treatments and finishes on wood out of ground contact. Preliminary results
1984 - IRG/WP 2221
Pinus and Eucalyptus L-joints treated with CCA, a water dispersable PCP and untreated ones were painted according to seven different finish's schedules and exposed at two sites in State of Sao Paulo. After ten months of exposure, it was possible to verify that preservative treatment improve the performance of both wood and finish. It was also possible to observe that wood substrate, prese...
S Milano
Water-borne DNBP wood preservatives - Preparation and performance
1987 - IRG/WP 3407
Three waterborne wide-spectrum ground-contact DNBP (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) wood preservative formulations and their performance are presented. Two are double-treatment formulations in which insolubilization and precipitation of the preservative is attained by salt formation or by formation of a water insoluble Cu/NH3/DNBP complex of formula [DNBP]2 [Cu(NH3)2]2 the clarified structure of wh...
W E Conradie, A Pizzi
Difference of CCA efficacy among coniferous wood species
1990 - IRG/WP 3601
Wood blocks of Cryptomeria japonica, Tsuga heterophylla, and Pinus radiata successively extracted with n-hexane, ether, and methanol were treated with various concentrations of CCA type 3, which were subjected to the decay by Tyromyces palustris. The weight loss were different among species and kinds of extraction. Cryptomeria japonica treated with CCA had higher fungal resistance than Tsuga heter...
K Yamamoto, M Inoue
Wood surface pretreatments with metal tannates
1989 - IRG/WP 3552
The sequential application of aqueous solutions of tannins derived from radiata pine bark and water-soluble metal salts was examined as a means of improving the water repellency of wood surfaces. Nine metal salts were screened in combination with tannin solutions and, based on water repellency of pretreated filter paper, four were selected for further study. The two-step application of tannin solu...
D V Plackett, D R Cronshaw
Water-based silicones on wood
1997 - IRG/WP 97-30144
Five waterbased silicones commonly used on masonry where tested as water repellents for wood. The Water Repellent Effectiveness was determined by swellometer-tests and by measuring the water uptake of samples after 24 hours complete immersion and by immersion in a water level of 4 mm for 24 hours. The different methods are compared and discussed. Artificial and natural weathering was performed to ...
D Lukowsky, R D Peek, A O Rapp
An appraisal of the vertical distribution of attack of untreated and treated wood by warm water sphaeromatids at some tropical sites - A discussion paper
1986 - IRG/WP 4124
Examples of the vertical distribution of burrows of warm water sphaeromatids relative to tide levels and mud line from sites in India, Papua New Guinea and tropical Australia are discussed in detail. These data show clearly that these animals concentrate their attack of resistant natural wood or resistant treated wood in the tidal zone, particularly around Mean Sea Level. Supportive evidence from ...
J E Barnacle, L J Cookson, C N McEvoy
Water repellency of wood treated with alkylammonium compounds and chromated copper arsenate
2000 - IRG/WP 00-30231
The comparative water sorption properties of southern pine treated with CCA and several alkylammonium compounds was evaluated for freshly treated wood and for wood after exposure in a fungus cellar. It was found that CCA imparts considerable water repellency to wood which is reduced somewhat after exposure to wet soil. With the exception of a long chain (C20 -C22) compound, the alkylammonium compo...
D D Nicholas, A Kabir, A D Williams, A F Preston