Your search resulted in 256 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Effect of treatment process on performance of copper-chrome-arsenate. Part 1: Fungus cellar tests
1995 - IRG/WP 95-40045
Pinus radiata sapwood stakes 20 x 20 x 400 mm³ were treated with CCA Type C using a range of concentrations and three treatment processes; Bethell, Lowry and Rueping. Preservative retention was determined by chemical analysis of treated material. Following fixation, fungus cellar stakelets, 5 x 10 x 180 mm³ were cut from treated material and after leaching were exposed in unsterile soil beds in ...
M E Hedley, J Anderson, J B Foster, B E Patterson
Evaluation of fluid distribution in pressure treated wood in different flow directions
2004 - IRG/WP 04-40281
Among different methods, polymerization technique was chosen to study distribution of fluid through cell types in treated wood. Red maple wood specimens with the size of 2 by 2 by 4 cm (radial, tangential and longitudinal, respectively) were prepared. Styrene monomer was used as the fluid for impregnation; because its physical properties such as surface tension, specific gravity and viscosity fall...
A Omidvar, M H Schneider
CCFZ, a new type of water-borne wood preservative for vacuum pressure impregnation
1991 - IRG/WP 3643
By combination of CCF-Salt types with zinchexafluorosilicate a remarkable improvement of efficacy is achieved. In the same time the ecotoxicoligical data become more save. As well as the efficacy against wood-destroying organisms (Basidiomycetes, Soft rot and Long horn beetle) the basic data to evaluate the ecotoxicological behaviour of a CCFZ-Salt are described and compared with the properties of...
W Metzner, D Seepe, H-W Wegen
Preservative treatment specifications in Fiji
1982 - IRG/WP 3190
The preservative treatment specification used in Fiji is outlined. Reference is made to a basic end use classification and to locally approved treatment processes, preservatives and retention levels. Amenability ratings are defined and penetration requirements for broad commodities indicated. Currently commercial operations rely entirely on pressure treatment with copper-chrome-arsenic multisalts ...
A S Alston
A new type of biocide suitable for use in different fields of wood preservation
1993 - IRG/WP 93-30014
A new type of polymeric biocides was developed containing quaternary ammonium and boron ester groups as active structure elements, to overcome the disadvantages of AAC's in wood preservation use and to utilise their good performance due to a broad efficacy against fungi on the other hand. The new biocides called polymeric betains have been tested in laboratory and field tests and especial...
V Barth, H Härtner
Performance of water-borne pressure treated fence posts - A practical application of the new Canadian field test data base
1988 - IRG/WP 2305
50 years of test plot data acquisition have been recently set up as a computerized database. The new database which contains information on the service life of a great number of non durable Eastern Canadian wood species treated with various preservatives and many application processes is presented. As an example for its use, a summary of the performance of fence posts treated with waterborne prese...
E E Doyle, R Dubois, J P Hösli
Exterior wood stains
1979 - IRG/WP 3136
The use of semi-transparent exterior wood stains has grown remarkably since their development during the 1960s. This can be partly attributed to their offering a break with tradition at a time when it was being recognised that changes in the quality of timber and how it was used demanded different methods of exterior wood finishing. Information is already available on the characteristics and uses ...
E R Miller
Internal pressure development in Douglas fir lumber during pressure treatment
1997 - IRG/WP 97-40091
Preservative treatment of Douglas fir lumber to meet current industry standards poses a major challenge and a variety of methods have been developed to overcome these problems. One aspect for treatment improvement that has received less attention is the relative effect of treatment parameters on changes in pressure within the wood. Previous studies of spruce and radiata pine suggest that internal ...
P F Schneider, J J Morrell
Termite durability of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) heartwood kiln-dried under high-temperature process in relation to wood extractives
2005 - IRG/WP 05-10547
Termite durability of sugi heartwood samples kiln-dried under a high-temperature process were evaluated by using Reticulitermes speratus (Kolbe) as a test termite sp. The n-hexane extractives of these samples were analysed by a GC technique. The less termite durability was shown on the wood samples dried under the high-temperature process, in comparison with that of the air-dried samples. No GC-p...
S Shibutani, E Obataya, K Hanata, S Doi
A new vacuum/pressure plant system
1988 - IRG/WP 3479
In the subtropical regions, the problem of wood supplying becomes more and more difficult to be solved. In that context, the Centre Technique Forestier Tropical had paid a particular attention to the valorization of products issued from plantations in dry zones of Africa. In these plantations, the products of clearings can be used as fencing, stakes or for traditional construction. However in thes...
C Dalois, R Schwartz, G R Y Déon
Three-year field trials of polymeric formulations which provide a new basis for the invention and design of non-toxic wide-spectrum wood preservatives
1994 - IRG/WP 94-40029
Three types of non-toxic polymeric formulations invented using a new approach to wood preservation were challenged with termites and fungi in three-year ground-contact field trials in the sub-tropical climate of Natal. These formulations were copper soaps of carboxylic acid groups of unsaturated fatty acids of waxes and edible vegetable oils; of resin acids of rosin, and, of synthetic unsaturated ...
A A W Baecker, A Pizzi
Gaseous preservative treatment of wood
1990 - IRG/WP 3631
A recent development in processing wood with a gaseous preservative means that dry, treated wood can be produced in under 30 hours with the benefits of product diversification, faster stock turnover and the ability to respond to short term demand. About 400,000 m³ of wood are treated each year in New Zealand with boron salts to protect from borer infestation. Traditionally this treatment is effec...
R Burton, A J Bergervoet, K Nasheri, P Vinden, D R Page
Environmental characterisation of retification process by-products (liquid and gaseous wastes)
2005 - IRG/WP 05-50224-10
In order to reduce environmental risks during the service life of the treated wood and to find new alternative developments on the durability of wood, some research and technology development have been made on thermal treatment. The retification process is one of these processes. The retification process induces chemical modification of the lignin and cellulosic components and modifies the intrins...
G Labat, E Bucket, S Legay, C Yriex, P Marchal, E Raphalen, M Vernois, R Guyonnet, H Besset, E Fredon), G Vilarem, L Rigal, C Raynaud
Preservation of coppice wood for the fabrication of glued beams or panels
1987 - IRG/WP 3427
In this survey we will examine the specific problems concerning the conservation and the preservation of timber (issued from trunks of small diameter corresponding to products of clearings or coppices) destined for the fabrication of solid reconstituted elements. Thus for six metropolitan species of wood, we first characterized the biological deteriorations which occur after felling and their kine...
G R Y Déon, R Schwartz
Internal pressure development within Oriented Strand Board during supercritical fluid impregnation
2000 - IRG/WP 00-40175
Supercritical fluids (SCF) offer an attractive alternative to conventional treatment processes for delivering material into wood, but there are many unanswered questions concerning the technology. One major concern is the potential for the development of excessive pressure gradients in the wood that might exceed the material properties and lead to crushing or other pressure-induced damage. Previou...
G Oberdorfer, P E Humphrey, R J Leichti, J J Morrell
Detoxification of salt impregnated wood by organic acids in a pulping process
1993 - IRG/WP 93-50012
The paper descibes a novel method to detoxify pine wood (Pinus silvestris L.) treated with CCB-, CCF- CC-, and Cu-HDO-type salt preservatives. In the process of biological detoxification organic acids produced by strains of Antrodia vaillantii and other brown rot fungi are used for the dissolution of the previously fixed inorganic compounds. These findings are the basis for applying an acid pulpin...
I Stephan, H H Nimz, R D Peek
Preliminary pole treatment trials with chlorothalonil in hydrocarbon solvent
1994 - IRG/WP 94-40027
A series of 460-mm long, end-sealed southern pine pole stubs were treated with chlorothalonil in hydrocarbon solvent. Over sixty sections were treated using various combinations of initial seasoning (kiln-drying, steam-conditioning), treating temperature (ambient, 200°F), initial air pressure, and final conditioning (steam flash + vacuum, expansion bath + vacuum, steam distillation + vacuum). Dis...
H M Barnes
Free radical process controlled by manganese peroxidase and lipid-related metabolites produced by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora
2001 - IRG/WP 01-10412
Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, a specific lignin-degrading fungus produced free unsaturated fatty acids (USFAs) including 9,12-octadecaienoic asid, together with saturated fatty acids (SFAs) at an incipient stage of cultivation on wood meal cultures. In prolonged cultivation period after two weeks, the amount of intact fatty acids decreased with increasing in organic hydroperoxide and TBARS producti...
T Watanabe, M Enoki, S Sato, Y Honda, M Kuwahara, N Shirai, K Messner
Application of oscillating pressure to improve treatability of refractory species
1987 - IRG/WP 3449
Under practical conditions a minimum moisture content of 80% demande by the German quality standard RAL-RG 411 can not be guaranteed throughout the year. Storage of logs with bark prolonges the drying process; a storage without bark must be avoided. A sufficient penetration according the standard can be achieved at least with a moisture content of 60%, optimal conditions may prevail between 100% a...
R-D Peek
Penetration and absorption of water-borne preservatives in conifers from the Western United States: A preliminary report
1988 - IRG/WP 3475
The treatment of most softwoods from the western United States with waterborne chemicals poses a major challenge. Although many of these species are commercially treated with waterbornes, there is considerable debate about their treatability. At present, there is little or no information on the treatability of western wood species with waterborne chemicals. The lack of accurate treatability inform...
S Kumar, J J Morrell
The present status of wooden catamarans of the Indian Coast
1997 - IRG/WP 97-10231
Catamarans (a.k.a. kattumarams) are the most widely used fishing craft in India, and hundreds of thousands of poor, traditional fishermen depend on these vessels for their livelihood that are almost made entirely of wood. In recent years, acute shortages and phenomenal increases in prices of timber species used in catamaran fabrication have been reported, causing great hardship to the user communi...
K S Rao
A bioassay of remedially treated pole material
1987 - IRG/WP 3453
Stubs prepared from treated and untreated utility poles were installed in a test plot and pressure spade treated at the groundline with one of four preservative greases. At one and three year intervals, core samples were removed from the stubs and the improvement in the preservative efficacy due to the greases was assessed. The bioassay investigation showed that only bis(tributyltin) oxide (TBTO) ...
J N R Ruddick, L Parker
Uptake by grape plants of preservatives from pressure-treated posts not detected
1975 - IRG/WP 350
Leaf and stem tissue and fruit of grape plants (Vitis rotundifolia Michx. cv. Magnolia) were analyzed for copper, chromium, and arsenic, 1, 2, and 3 years after planting 3 inches from copper-chrome-arsenate or fluor-chrome-arsenate-dinitrophenol-treated southern pine posts. Quantities of copper in leaf and stem tissue and fruit of plants next to posts treated with copper-containing preservatives r...
M P Levi, D Huisingh, W B Nesbitt
The risk assessment process. Point of view of a biocide manufacturer [Évaluation du risque. Point de vue d'un fabricant de biocide]
1990 - IRG/WP 3568
Risk assessment is an inherent part of our everyday lives. The risk assessment equation combines Hazards and Exposure. For the Wood Preservation Industry, the hazards may be characterised by the toxicity a the ecotoxicity of chemicals and the exposure by the identification of exposed people, of the exposure routes and exposure frequency. To quantify the exposure, good co-operation is required betw...
D Baur
The effects of pH on leaching of copper-chrome-arsenate (CCA) from pressure-treated Kenyan-grown Eucalyptus saligna and Acacia mearnsii: Initial findings.
2002 - IRG/WP 02-30298
The effects of pH on leaching of CCA from pressure-treated Kenyan-grown Eucalyptus saligna and Acacia mearnsii were tested under laboratory conditions. Small samples of the two species (100mm x 30mm x 40mm) were smooth sawn from 8-year old trees to represent equal amounts of both sapwood and heartwood, air-dried to 12% moisture content, end-sealed, and pressure-treated at a commercial treatment p...
R Venkatasamy