Your search resulted in 3045 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Chemistry of copper preservative treated wood
2014 - IRG/WP 14-30651
The reaction chemistry of micronized copper wood preservatives is fundamentally different from any previous inorganic preservative system. In order to study the chemistry, analytical procedures had to be developed which allowed the determination of the total copper as well as the copper which reacted with the wood forming copper-wood complexes. With the success of this approach it also became poss...
Wei Xue, P Kennepohl, J N R Ruddick
Visualization of gold/silver nanostars in wood by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy
2014 - IRG/WP 14-30653
Nanotechnology is a fast growing up-to-date technology and ventures expeditiously in the wood preservative market. However, there is still a huge lack of understanding about the interaction and incorporation of nanoparticles (NSs) in wood. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) offers unique advantages as an analytical tool with a high selectivity and sensitivity without matrix interference. Her...
C Geers, L Rodríguez-Lorenzo, M Placencia Peña, P Brodard, T Volkmer, B Rothen-Rutishauser, A Petri-Fink
Study of the effectiveness of wood products for permanent protection against Fusarium circinatum
2014 - IRG/WP 14-30655
In Europe there exist a number of quarantine organisms that affect conifer forests, including Fusarium circinatum Nirenberg et O'Donnell (telemorph: Gibberella circinata Nirenberg et O'Donnell), a quarantine organism in Europe producing the disease known as pitch canker of pines. For a decade, the European Union has taken steps to locate and eradicate the pathogen with the aim of elimina...
M T Troya, M Conde, R Raposo, F Llinares, M Elvira-Recuenco
Copper and chromium leaching from wood impregnated with chromium-copper containing preservatives: Results of different studies
2014 - IRG/WP 14-50300
Copper and chromium based wood preservatives remained one of the most important ingredients for wood protection solutions for protection of wood in demanding applications all-over the world. Leaching of heavy metals from treated wood is important from two different aspects; firstly from performance point of view, and secondly from environmental issues. However, the importance of these studies is i...
M Humar, N Thaler, E Melcher
Influence of Exposure Direction on Leaching of a Biocide from Painted Wood Surfaces
2014 - IRG/WP 14-50303
The objective of this project was to investigate the influence different exposure directions – North, East, South and West on the cumulative quantity of a biocide leached from painted wood surfaces due to rainfall and the consequences for the risk assessment.
The study included a solvent-borne primer without biocides and a topcoat protected with a biocidal active substance. Both products were a...
M Klamer
Practical extraction of metals from CCA-treated wood
2014 - IRG/WP 14-50305
The extraction effects of acid concentration, reaction time and temperature in a microwave reactor on recovery of chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood were evaluated. Extraction of copper, chromium, and arsenic metals from CCA-treated southern pine wood samples with three different wood particle sizes (i.e., (1) 0.5 cm3, (2) 0.5x05x1.0 cm, and (3) 0.5x0.5x1.5 cm) was investigated using a m...
Bin Yu, Chung Y Hse, T F Shupe
VOC-free remedial treatment agent on organic solvent basis with surface cleaning by photocatalysis using titanium dioxide
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40651
Due to the EU Regulations according to the harmonisation of the European market of biocidal products and the EU Regulations regarding emissions of volatile organic compounds in residential properties a new VOC free yet organic solvent based remedial treatment agent is introduced including a potential method to clean up the wooden surface of remaining biocides after a remedial treatment using photo...
H Ahl, J Fromm, P Jüngel, E Melcher, M Pallaske
Effect of silver nanoparticles on the rate of heat transfer to the core of the medium-density fiberboard mat
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40653
Effect of silver nanoparticles on the rate of heat transferred to the core section of medium-density fiberboard (MDF) mat was studied here. A 400 ppm aqueous nanosilver suspension was used at three consumption levels of 100, 150, and 200 mL/kg based on the weight of dry wood fibers; the results were then compared with the control MDF panels. The size range of silver nanoparticles was 30-80 nm. Res...
H Reza Taghiyari, O Schmidt, E Bari, P M Tahir, A Karimi, P Nouri, A Jahangiri
Decay resistance of wood-plastic composites reinforced with extracted or delignified wood flour
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40655
The moisture and decay resistance of wood-plastic composites (WPCs) reinforced with extracted or delignified wood flour (WF) was investigated. Three different extractions were preformed: toluene/ethanol (TE), acetone/water (AW), and hot water (HW). Delignification (DL) was performed using a sodium chlorite/acetic acid solution. All WPCs specimens were made with 50% by weight HDPE and WF, first com...
R E Ibach, Yao Chen, N M Stark, M A Tshabalala, Yongming Fan, Jianmin Gao
Evaluation of vessel features on physical and mechanical properties of wood of Common black poplar (Populus nigra L.) grown at different elevations in the region with a continental climate
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40656
This study essentially examined the effect of elevation on the anatomical structure, and the physical and mechanical properties of Common black poplar (Populus nigra L.) wood. The scope of the study was to observe the variability of vessel element features on physical and mechanical properties of Common black poplar (Populus nigra L.) in relation to habitat at different elevations. For this purpos...
I Usta
The resistance of Accoya® and Tricoya® to attack by wood-destroying fungi and termites
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40658
The resistance of high acetyl WPG solid timber (Accoya®) and medium density fibreboard (Tricoya®) to attack by wood-destroying fungi and termites was investigated under both laboratory and field conditions. Laboratory decay studies were conducted in Australia and New Zealand. Field studies were conducted in Australia, Japan, New Zealand, Thailand and USA. The results of the laboratory and field ...
J Alexander, J Hague, F Bongers, Y Imamura, M Roberts
Full-scale impregnation of wood with siloxane using supercritical carbon dioxide
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40659
Full-scale impregnation of wood with siloxane was carried out using supercritical carbon dioxide as solvent. A batch of 3530 kg of Scots pine sapwood was impregnated to a retention of approximately 1.3% siloxane. The treatment also consisted of a simultaneous impregnation with organic biocides. The performance of the wood was evaluated in terms of capillary water uptake according to a modified EN ...
A Kjellow, F Imsgard, J Fernandes, R Wagner, J Delis
Termite resistance of wood modified with short- and long-chain siloxanes
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40660
Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood specimens modified with short- and long-chain amino-functional siloxane emulsions were exposed to subterranean termites (Reticulitermes flavipes Kollar). Laboratory choice and no-choice tests following the standard EN 117 (2013) were conducted for 8 weeks in order to evaluate the influence of these silicon-based compounds on the termite resistance of treate...
P Gascón-Garrido, M-F Thévenon, H Militz, C Mai
Improving dimensional stability of thermally treated wood by secondary modification – potential and limitations
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40664
The potential of treating thermally modified wood with melamine resin to improve the dimensional stabilization is tested in this research. Two different boards of poplar (Populus ssp.) were cut into two halves. One half of each board was thermally modified (T1 and T2) in a commercial process, the other half was used as untreated reference material. The material was thermally modified using the vac...
G Behr, K-C Mahnert, S Bollmus, H Militz
Effect of polyurea coatings on performance of Douglas-fir in tropical above ground exposures
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40665
The potential for using polyurea barriers to limit fungal and termite attack was investigated on Douglas-fir lumber and timbers. Termites were capable of penetrating the barrier to attack non-treated wood as well as wood dip-treated with disodium octaborate. The coatings were also exposed above ground for 48 months in Hilo Hawaii. Samples were dissected to detect internal decay. Coated non-trea...
S Uysal, J J Morrell
Development of new wood treatments combining boron impregnation and thermo modification - Effect on decay and termites durability
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40666
Environmental pressures appeared in most European countries during the last decade has lead to the development of more environmentally acceptable preservation methods. In this context, wood heat treatment has been one of the most investigated alternative methods during the last years. Treated at temperatures ranging between 180 and 220°C, wood components undergo more or less important chemical mo...
S Salman, A Pétrissans, M-F Thévenon, S Dumarçay, B Pollier, P Gérardin
Performance of some wood modification treatments against marine borers
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40668
Since some years, new treatment technology to protect wood against wood destroying fungi is introduced. Limited knowledge on their resistance to water organisms is available. Therefore, the resistance of chemically modified wood was assessed in a field test according to the European Standard EN 275 over a period of 3 resp. 5 years at sites in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. Scots pine (Pinus syl...
A Klüppel, C Mai, H Militz, S Cragg
A guideline for sorting easy to impregnate Scots pine sapwood based on three treatability studies from Northern Europe
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40669
Scots pine sapwood is generally considered an easy to impregnate wood species, though it reportedly faces challenges towards a homogeneous impregnation and large variations in treatability are reported for the material.
This study comprises the results of three treatability tests that were performed on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) sapwood. The material impregnated was originated from a large ...
K Zimmer, E Larnøy, A Treu
Study of in-situ gel polymerization established by Si-O-Si framework within wood micropores
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40672
Sodium silicate was used to form Si–O–Si framework by gel process and optimize the effect of the methylolurea impregnation on poplar wood. The modifier cured within the wood micropores by in-situ gel polymerization during the kiln drying. The results showed that treated wood acquired higher mechanical strength, but lower hygroscopicity. New positions of the XRD peaks appeared which caused by s...
Zeng Bi, Qian Lang, Heyu Chen, Junwen Pu
Development of composite furniture using bamboo strips, bamboo mat and rubber wood veneer
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40679
Bamboo offers cost-effective component in panel form is well suited to wood substitute can be used as furniture components. In the present study, borak (Bambusa balcooa ) bamboo were used for manufacturing bamboo panel. Mitinga (B. tulda) bamboo were used for making mat and rubber wood veneers were used for manufacturing mat overlaid veneer board. Borax-boric acid (BB) treatments were given to enh...
K Akhter, M Mahabubur Rahaman, M H Chowdhury, M Zahirul Alam
Compatibility of Acetylated Wood and Wet Concrete
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40673
One of the newer commercial technologies to provide stability and durability to wood and wood composites is the process of acetylation (the reaction of acetic anhydride with wood). Wood is often used in contact with concrete, although only a very limited amount of species are suitable for this type of application because of durability issues. From this perspective durability class 1 timber such ...
R Rowell, C Lankveld, J Alexander
Possible targets of wood modification in brown rot degradation
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40676
Wood modification protects wood from fungal degradation in a non-toxic manner. However, the mechanisms behind the decay resistance in modified wood are currently unknown. The aim of this study was to discuss the i) colonisation, ii) nutrient recognition, iii) transcription, iv) depolymerisation and v) hydrolysis steps in the brown rot degradation progress and explore whether they are inhibited by ...
R Ringman, A Pilgård, G Alfredsen, B Goodell, K Richter
The Physical Properties of Heat Treated Fir Wood and Outdoor Durability
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40677
Wood might be easily susceptible to degrade by biotic and abiotic factors. Therefore, wood should be protected from fungi, insects and other degradation factors by applying treatment methods. Especially, for the wood have used in the external environment. Chemical treatment methods have some disadvantages such as use of toxic chemicals (Arsenic and chromium) and treatability of refractory wood spe...
O E Özkan, H Vurdu, A Temiz, G Köse
Experiences with an industrial system for controlled thermal wood modification in pressurized unsaturated steam
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40678
Thermal wood modification in pressurized reactors has a long history, but these processes are to date industrially scarcely used, because of the relatively complicated process equipment, compared to the more common high-temperature processes in kilns at atmospheric pressure. However, based on our practical experience with the FirmoLin® process, supported by recent scientific findings, it is foun...
W Willems
The susceptibility of oriented structural straw board (OSSB) to damage by subterranean wood-destroying and grass-feeding termites in Australia
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40683
The field performance of untreated oriented structural straw board (OSSB) made from wheat straw was evaluated against two economically important Australian species of wood destroying subterranean termite, Coptotermes acinaciformis and Mastotermes darwiniensis, and two Australian species of grass-feeding subterranean termite, Amitermes meridionalis and Nasutitermes triodiae. Oriented strand board (...
J Hague, D Scown, J Creffield, M Neal