Your search resulted in 1221 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Fire, flame resistance and thermal properties of oil thermally-treated wood
2007 - IRG/WP 07-40361
Oil thermal treatment, first developed by German scientists, is a promising technology for improving the durability and dimensional stability of wood for outdoor above-ground residential uses such as siding and shingles. The present authors’ previous research showed that 220ºC is an optimal treatment temperature, with 2 hours’ treatment producing wood with significantly improved moisture and ...
Jieying Wang, P Cooper
Effect of ozone treatment on survival of termites and wood decay fungi
2007 - IRG/WP 07-40365
There is increased concern about the potential for transport of invasive pests on or in untreated wood. Current regulations utilize heating or fumigation as mitigation tools, but both have drawbacks that have stimulated interest in new phytosanitation methods. Ozone fumigation has been shown to control insects, fungi and bacteria on a variety of agricultural products. Systems for the controlled g...
A M Taylor, L J Mason, J J Morrell
Multivariate analysis of infrared spectra for the prediction of the mechanical performance and dimensional stability of thermally modified wood
2007 - IRG/WP 07-40367
The use of calibrated mid-infrared Fourier transform (FTIR) spectroscopy for predicting the main bending strength parameters of thermally modified wood is described for the first time. The analysis is based on the handling of OSC-filtered FTIR data from control and treated wood samples, using partial least squares (PLS) regression.
Sets of Norway spruce, Scots pine and Beech wood samples were th...
M M González-Peña, M D C Hale
Treatment of Green Logs infested by Exotic Pest: Case Study of the Emerald Ash Borer: Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire
2007 - IRG/WP 07-10628
Invasive alien insect species periodically infest forests in the United States causing the destruction of plant species and decimating populations, resulting in significant economic and ecological losses for areas involved. The Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) was first discovered on North American soil in the summer of 2002 near Detroit, Michigan and has since spread to several other Midwestern states and...
P Nzokou, S Tourtellot, D P Kamdem
Durability of timber from exotic species against termite attack in Indian conditions
2007 - IRG/WP 07-10629
Exotic trees species, Acacia mangium Willd. and A. auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth. and their hybrid are widely grown in India for multiple uses including use as timber. It is essential to know the natural durability of timbers against termites for predicting the service life of the timber and deciding on the application of preservatives to enhance the durability. Studies were conducted to test t...
O K Remadevi, R Muthukrishnan
Do insects infest wood packing material with bark following heat-treatment?
2007 - IRG/WP 07-10633
As a result of international trade, many bark- and wood-infesting insects are inadvertently transported in wood packing materials (WPM) such as crating, dunnage, and pallets. WPM is suspected as the likely pathway for most of these borers, although the exact mode of entry into the USA is unknown for all 25 borers. The top 10 countries of origin were, in decreasing order, Italy, Germany, China, Spa...
R A Haack, T R Petrice, P Nzokou, D P Kamdem
Comparative Laboratory Leaching Test Methods to Study Post-Treatment Storage Period Impacts on CCA Leachability and Fixation in Treated Kempas (Koompassia malaccensis) Heartwood
2007 - IRG/WP 07-20376
Three laboratory leaching test methods were compared to determine the effects of different post-treatment storage fixation periods on leachability/fixation of CCA components from treated kempas (Koompassia malaccensis) permeable heartwood. End-sealed test wood blocks of permeable were treated with CCA to target retention of 5.6 kg/m3, immediately stored to fix at ambient conditions for 0 and 48 ho...
A H H Wong, H C Lai
Detection of Anti-Fungal Sapwood Extractives in Non-Durable Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris), Rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) and Jelutong (Dyera costulata)
2007 - IRG/WP 07-10634
A general laboratory bioassay method of Woodward and Pearce (1985) was adopted to detect anti-fungal activity of sapwood or heartwood extractives of 5 Malaysian hardwoods [dark red meranti heartwood (Shorea spp.), red balau heartwood (Shorea spp.), kulim heartwood (Scorodocarpus borneensis), jelutong sapwood (Dyera costulata) and rubberwood sapwood (Hevea brasiliensis), including the temperate Pin...
A H H Wong, R B Pearce
Developments in Borate Treatment of Canadian Species for Decay and Termite Resistance
2007 - IRG/WP 07-30443
The increased interest in boron treatment of wood over the past 20 years is mainly due to its environmental acceptability, potentially deep penetration in wood, and its efficacy against decay and termites. Based on Forintek’s research in the past two decades, the boron penetration and retention requirements for decay and termite protection in various national and international standards for Cana...
Jieying Wang, P Morris, S McFarling, T Byrne
Development of preservative treatment method using sub and super critical carbon dioxide
2007 - IRG/WP 07-40385
Significant efforts have been devoted for developing biocide impregnation method into wood materials using supercritical fluid. Developing better understandings of fluid phase and its effect on treatment results would facilitate a more rational development of supercritical fluid (SCF) impregnation. In this project, the preservative treatabilities under super- and sub-critical fluid conditions we...
Myeung-Won Cho, Sung-Mo Kang, Gyu-Hyeok Kim
Difficulties applying Heat Treatment according to ISPM No. 15, when fast growth species are used
2007 - IRG/WP 07-40386
In 2002, the Interim Commission on Phytosanitary Measures (ICPM) adopted the International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPM) No. 15 (Guidelines for regulating wood packaging material in international trade). Two treatments are recognized: Heat Treatment (HT), in which wood must be heated to a core temperature of 56°C for 30 minutes, and fumigation with methyl bromide. As the last treatme...
O Encinas, J. I Briceño
Effect of fiber type and content on the natural durability of wood flour/high density polyethylene composites against rainbow fungus (Coriolus versicolor)
2007 - IRG/WP 07-40387
In order to evaluate the effect of fiber type and content on the natural durability of wood flour/high density polyethylene (HDPE) composites against Coriolus versicolor, samples containing 25% and 50% by weight of various natural fibers and HDPE were selected. Natural fibers included in the study were wood flour, rice hulls, hemp fibers and newsprint. Samples containing 25% and 50% natural fiber ...
A Karimi, M Tajvidi, S Pourabbasi
Effect of Compatibilizer on the Natural Durability of Wood Flour/High Density Polyethylene Composites Against Rainbow Fungus (Coriolus versicolor)
2007 - IRG/WP 07-40388
To evaluate the effect of compatibilizer on the natural durability of wood flour/high density polyethylene composites against Coriolus versicolor, composites containing 25% and 50% by weight maple wood flour and 1% and 2% compatibilizer (Maleic anhydride polyethylene (MAPE)), respectively, were sampled. Identical specimens of the same composites without the compatibilizer were also prepared. ...
Sara Pourabbasi, A Karimi, D Parsapajouh, M Tajvidi, M Soleymani
Development of boron/linseed oil combined treatment as a low-toxic wood protection. Evaluation of boron fixation and resistance to termites according to Japanese and European standards
2007 - IRG/WP 07-30448
Combinations of boric acid as a first step of treatment and linseed oil as a second step have been performed in order to enhance boron retention to leaching and wood resistance to termites. Classic leaching and termites resistance standards are inappropriate to evaluate this combination which can be considered as both a wood core preservation treatment and a coating.
Japanese Industrial Standard...
F Lyon, M-F Thevenon, Y Imamura, J Gril, A Pizzi
An Investigation on Use and Durability of Some Industrial and Domestic Woods of Iran against Destructive Factors in Caspian Sea
2008 - IRG/WP 08-10636
In this study the use of domestic and commercial woods of the Caspian Sea forest fringes and evaluation of their durability against marine destructive factors were investigated. The samples of elm (Zelkova carpinifolia), oak (Quercus castanifolia), beech (Fagus orientalis), Maple (Acer insgin), Alder (Alnus subcordata), and horn beech (Carpinus betulus) species were impregnated with CCA (Chrome–...
S M Kazemi
Influence of ring width and wood density on durability of oak heartwood
2008 - IRG/WP 08-10639
Oak (Quercus sp.) is considered as one of the most durable European wood species. The most important factor influencing oak durability was extractive content. In our work, we were interested in if oak-wood durability is affected by ring-width and related density. Therefore, oak heartwood specimens made of boards with different ring widths were exposed to five different fungal species Daedelea quer...
M Humar, P Oven, F Pohleven
A hypothesis on a second non-biocidal property of wood extractives, in addition to toxicity, that affects termite behavior and mortality
2008 - IRG/WP 08-10638
While it is has long been recognized that heartwood extractives affect termite behavior, the exact cause and relationship between total extractives, extractive types, and termite resistance remains unclear. Generally, researchers have proposed that the extractives are toxic and/or repel termites. We propose, based on the well known fact that many extractives have excellent antioxidant properties...
T P Schultz, K Ragon, D D Nicholas
Evaluation of natural durability of solid wood and mixed heartwood-sapwood Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.) plywood against Basidiomycete fungi
2008 - IRG/WP 08-10645
The aim of this research was to study the response of mixed plywoods composed of durable heartwood and non-durable sapwood to fungal attack. For this purpose, the species of Cupressus sempervirens (cypress) was chosen for its well-known durable heartwood. The evaluation of durability of plywood panels against fungi was done according to ENV 12038 and the fungi used were Coriolus versicolor (CV) an...
F Faraji, M F Thévenon, N Lemenager, B Thibaut
Needs for wood durability research on planted tree species in the tropics
2008 - IRG/WP 08-10651
The area of forest plantation has been expanding especially in tropical Asia since 1990’s. Most of them are developed for pulp and paper industries and planted with fast growing trees. It is expected that wood from those fast growing trees are also used for value added products such as sawn timber. In order to promote the utilization of fast wood as the resource of value added products, natural...
K Yamamoto, T Toma, Ngo Duc Hiep, Nguyen Trong Nhan
Influence of boiling on the quality of oakwood during peeling processes
2008 - IRG/WP 08-10656
Peeling process may be an efficient technology to transform secondary quality trees into veneer. After cutting and drying, veneer can be used for plywood or LVL production. If natural durability of these new panels is sufficient, they may be used for joinery production without preservative treatment. With the collaboration of ENSAM Cluny, Zvolen University and Pau University, we have investigated ...
M Svoradová, F Charrier, R Marchal, L Bléron, B Charrier, J-C Butaud
Natural durability of fast growth plantation Eucalyptus grandis Hill, ex Maiden
2008 - IRG/WP 08-10660
One of the fast growing species cultivated in Uruguay of mayor economical importance is Eucalyptus grandis. Physical and mechanical properties of juvenile and mature wood from different regions have been deeply studied. However, since no scientific data of natural durability of this specie has been reported, natural durability of E. grandis from two sites (Rivera and Rio Negro) was evaluated. Two ...
S Böthig, A Sánchez, J Doldán
Natural durability of different wood species in above ground applications - Weight and MOE loss
2008 - IRG/WP 08-10667
In Norway, exterior wood structures have traditionally, nearly exclusively been made of untreated Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) and pressure treated Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). In recent years there has been a tendency that other wood species, like various Norwegian hardwoods or imported species, have been used in exterior above ground applications, often not surface treated. For se...
F G Evans, P-O Flæte, G Alfredsen
Evaluation and identification of extractives from Iranian walnut (Juglans regia L.) by GC/MS technique for protection of non-decay resistant species
2008 - IRG/WP 08-10670
The use of walnut extractives is interest as environment friendly wood preservatives in the wood preservation industry. In this study, organic solvents were used to remove extractives from Iranian walnut heartwood samples. The solvent was removed by rotoevaporation, and Identification of chemical compounds in the Walnut extractives was done by using GC/MS technique. The toxicity of various extract...
S K H Hashemi, D Parsapajouh, H Khademi Eslam
Development of an International Use Classification System
2008 - IRG/WP 08-20380
Working Party 2.5 of the IRG was set up in 1995 in response to discussion around proposals for an International Wood Preservation Standard. Two years later, ISO Technical Committee 165 Timber Structures set up a subcommittee SC1 Wood Materials – Durability and Preservation to address this issue. It was agreed that neither the European Hazard Class system nor any other regional system could be ...
P I Morris
A preliminary note on the role of moisture absorption rate in durability assessment
2008 - IRG/WP 08-20383
The rate of moisture uptake was studied in 15 wood species using vermiculite at varying moisture levels as the exposure medium. As might be expected, moisture uptake varied widely among the species studied. While some of the more durable wood species were also resistant to moisture uptake, this was not always true. The results are discussed in relation to performance in under varying environmenta...
J J Morrell, L P Francis