Your search resulted in 3718 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Wood preservation in Italy
1985 - IRG/WP 3354
The report summarizes the history of wood preservation in Italy up to the present time. Information on the Italian climate and the main hazards to timber are dealt with and the amounts of timber grown and imported and exported tabulated. The main commodities treated are poles and sleepers. The amounts of preservative used have been estimated and details listed of the 10 pressure plants in the coun...
A Gambetta, E Orlandi, R Cockcroft
Immunolabelling studies on the detection of enzymes during the degradation of wood by Phanerochaete chrysosporium
1988 - IRG/WP 1364
The degradation of lignin in native lignocellulosic substrates by white rot fungi is poorly understood. Biochemical studies have shown the involvement of a number extracellular ligninolytic enzymes released by white rot fungi which are capable of the oxidative conversion of DHP's (lignin model compounds) in vitro, but to date conclusive evidence for occurrence of these enzymes in wood und...
G F Daniel, T Nilsson, B Pettersson
Effects of CCA treatment on settlement and growth of barnacles under field conditions
1998 - IRG/WP 98-50116
As part of a field experiment at seven European marine sites evaluating the effects of CCA treatments on non-target marine organisms, panels treated to nominal loadings of 12, 24 and 48 kg/m3 CCA were exposed at marine sites around the coast of Europe. Within two weeks of exposure, a heavy settlement of barnacles took place on the panels exposed intertidally in France. The intensity of settlement ...
S M Cragg, C Brown, R M Albuquerque, R A Eaton, P Goulletquer
Leaching from field test stakes. Results from two different methods of analysis
1993 - IRG/WP 93-50013
Field test stakes treated with Boliden K33 containing copper, chromium and arsenic exposed at three different fields in Sweden and rejected due to decay, have in two studies been analysed regarding leaching and remaining preservatives. The stakes have been exposed during 20 to 43 years. The density of the stakes and content of copper, chromium and arsenic have been determined in the top part of th...
F G Evans, M-L Edlund
Preservative treatment of round bamboos by a new technique - Some further studies. Part 1
1990 - IRG/WP 3607
In general, the easy susceptibility of bamboos to wood destroying agencies is a major constraint in its rational utilisation. This is more so in tropical countries like India where wood destroying agencies are quite active. In an earlier publication, it was reported that round bamboo specimens of Bambusa balcooa, having three nodes, could be satisfactorily treated by CCA by a new technique develop...
V R Sonti, B Chatterjee
Multiple-Phase Pressure (MPP) Process: One-stage CCA treatment and accelerated fixation process. 3. Effect of process variables on sapwood treatment and CCA fixation.
1998 - IRG/WP 98-40114
The Multiple-Phase Pressure (MPP) Process achieves treatment and fixation as combined process using hot CCA, within a 2-3 hour time-frame. Timber is treated to saturation with hot CCA using an empty cell process. During the pneumatic pressure phase, hot solution is held in the wood in an otherwise liquid-free treatment vessel until fixation is >95% complete.
This report details a factorial des...
H Pearson, K Nasheri, J A Drysdale, G Durbin, M E Hedley
Evaluation of decay fungi in Norwegian buildings
2005 - IRG/WP 05-10562
During a period of 2 years and 3 months (1 January 2001 - 20 March 2003) Mycoteam had 3161 consultations in buildings in southern Norway, 1428 revealing damage from decay fungi. One consultation often revealed several occurrences of fungi, and the total number of occurrences of decay fungi was 3434. Thirty-five different species/genera/groups of decay fungi were recorded. During this period brown ...
G Alfredsen, H Solheim, K Mohn Jenssen
Effects of heart wood extractives in Dahoma (Piptadeniastrum africanum) on decay resistance to white- and brown-rot fungi
2004 - IRG/WP 04-10536
Dahoma (Piptadeniastrum africanum) is a durable but a lesser utilised tropical hardwood species from Ghana that has the potential of being used as an alternative to Iroko (Milicia excelsa) for many end uses. However, the timber gives off a strong odour especially when wet and during processing. The high durability and the strong odour of the timber could be due to the presence of extractives in th...
Zeen Huang, K Maher, S A Amartey
Bioefficacy of Cunapsol® treated western cedar and southern yellow pine
1996 - IRG/WP 96-30120
Western red cedar and southern yellow pine sapwood were dip treated with a new formulation of waterborne copper naphthenate (Cunapsol®) which complies with VOC regulations. Cunapsol dip treated samples were oven dried at 50°C for 48 hours and then water leached for two weeks. Decay resistance and leachability of preservatives from dip treated specimens were evaluated according to AWPA (American ...
D P Kamdem, M H Freeman, T L Woods
Performance of above ground decay test units treated with a substituted isothiazolone
1989 - IRG/WP 3503
RH 287, a substituted isothiazolone, was evaluated for efficacy against decay fungi in an above ground test in Mississippi. After 45 months of exposure, all test units that were pressure treated with this biocide at levels of 0.026 pcf and higher have no deterioration. In addition, the test units that were dip-treated with a solution concentration of 0.5% also have no deterioration. Compared to pe...
D D Nicholas, J A Wilson, D E Greenley
The susceptibility to sludging of sulfate and oxide CCA
1990 - IRG/WP 3599
Radiata pine sapwood was treated separately with a sulphate CCA-C and an oxide CCA in a pilot scale pressure plant using a full cell process. CCA solutions were recovered from the final vacuum phase, placed in plastic tubes, and their susceptibility to sludging determined by examining changes in solution pH, time required for sludge to form and weight and chemical composition of sludge formed. Sul...
B T Mutandadzi, P D Evans
Wood preservation in the Netherlands
1985 - IRG/WP 3324
This report gives some information on the production, import and use of timber in the Netherlands and, in more detail, about the country's wood preservation industry. As the country's production of wood that is useful for its manufacturing industries is very limited, the position of wood in the building industry is not too important. Architects think first in terms of bricks, con...
N Burgers, R Cockcroft, D De Jong
The influence of UV and IR radiation on leaching of copper and chromium from preservative-treated pine and spruce
1992 - IRG/WP 92-3687
The influence of artifical UV- and IR-radiation on the leaching of copper and chromium components of a CCB-preservative from freshly treated pine and spruce was evaluated. On small pinewood samples it could be shown, that the leaching of copper and chromium can considerabely be reduced by UV-radiation. A Philips HPA lamp type reduced the leaching most effective. IR-radiation lead to higher leachin...
H Militz
Chromated copper arsenate preservative treatment of hardwoods. Part 1: CCA fixation performance of seven North american hardwoods
1997 - IRG/WP 97-30131
There has been an increased interest in utilisation of hardwoods from eastern North America for exterior applications which require protection with preservatives such as CCA. We have examined CCA fixation at two selected temperatures of seven common North American species: red maple (Acer rubrum L.,), white birch (Betula papyrifera ), yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.), trembling aspen (Po...
T Stevanovic-Janezic, P A Cooper, Y T Ung
The waste wood situation in Germany - legislative and practical consequences
1998 - IRG/WP 98-50101-06
Waste wood or 'reclaimed wood' is produced in numerous areas of private and public life, in trade and in commerce, and its re-use is increasingly posing problems in Germany. This development has been reinforced as a result of legislation, such as the Trade Cycle and Refuse Act (KrW-/AbfG), the law regarding the supervision and control of the cross-frontier transportation of waste...
R-D Peek
Identification and inhibitory effect of volatiles from different ages of a Trichoderma aureoviride culture on selected wood decay fungi.
1995 - IRG/WP 95-10110
The ability of a Trichoderma sp. to produce volatile organic compounds (VOCs) over a four week period of growth was examined and the inhibitory effect of these volatiles against four selected basidiomycetes over the same period was assessed. After trapping, on tubes filled with chromatography packing material, VOCs were analysed on an integrated automated thermal desorbtion mass spectrometer syste...
A Bruce, A Kundzewicz, R E Wheatley
Evaluation of rapid methods for detecting wood preservatives in waste wood
1994 - IRG/WP 94-50024
For the disposal of wood waste under ecological sound conditions information about its hazardous potential is required. Several analytical methods are available for the detection of most elements in wood preservatives. Industrial process conditions, however, demand methods with very short turn around times. In this research several methods of analysis were judged on their speed and accuracy. A num...
W J Homan, H Militz
Wood preservation in Nigeria - Its increasing relevance, observed constraints and potential as a forest conservation option
1992 - IRG/WP 92-3732
The paper discusses the demand and supply of wood and wood products in Nigeria and points out that in view of the large population (88 million) and search for wood for housing and furniture, the demand exceeds supply. There is great shortage of industrial and domestic woods resulting in underutilization of installed machineries in forest industries and low profit margin. Under this prevailing cond...
M A Odeyinde, S C Ifebueme
Inhibition of the biodegradation of coniferous and broadleaved wood by new imidazolium salts
2003 - IRG/WP 03-30320
Studies were carried out on fungicidal values of fourteen potential wood preservatives – modified quaternary heteroaromatic compounds using the screening agar-block. The vacuum treated blocks (22mm x 17mm x 12mm) of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), spruce (Picea excelsa L.), beech (Fagus silvatica L.) and birch (Betula verrucosa Ehrh.) with testing compounds were exposed to Coniophota puteana a...
J Zabielska-Matejuk, J Pernak, W Wieczorek
The resistance of wood coated with different water-borne paints against colonisation by decay fungi
1996 - IRG/WP 96-10165
The susceptibility of wood painted with model paints of known composition to decay fungi was tested without previous weathering. Included in the study were five alkyd emulsion paints and five acrylic paints; one linseed oil paint and two solvent-borne alkyd paints. It was found that several components influenced the susceptibility of these paints. The results of the present study indicate that the...
J Bjurman
Research activities on marine wood biodeterioration in Indian waters
1992 - IRG/WP 92-4182
India has a sea coast of about 8,000 km - taking into account all islands in Arabian sea and Bay of Bengal. Considerable quantity of wood is used for jetties, piles, catamarans, coastal and fishing vessels etc. and expenditure made on all these strutures including losses involved due to damage by marine borers is considerable. Continous and rapid depletion of timber from our forests particulary at...
V V Srinivasan
Effects of the delay in the beginning of treatment on absorption and distribution of water-soluble salts in posts treated by sap-replacement method
1992 - IRG/WP 92-3719
One of the most important matters in green wood treatments, such as sap-replacement method, is knowing the longest time available for beginning treatment without losing efficacy. In this paper, the influence of this factor on absorptions and distribution of the preservative into the wood is analized. Tree start-up times were first chosen: 3-6 hours, 48 h and 120 h after being cut down. The treatme...
M V Baonza Merino
Silica treatments to protect timber from marine borers
2001 - IRG/WP 01-30270
Siliceous timbers such as turpentine (Syncarpia glomulifera) are highly resistant to certain marine borers. Attempts to mimic this resistance by chemical treatment however, have met with limited success. This paper describes the impregnation of Pinus radiata and eucalypt timber specimens with organo-silicate formulations. The treated timber gains a pattern of resistance to marine borers that appro...
D Scown, L J Cookson, K J McCarthy
Implications for comparability of laboratory experiments revealed in studies on the effects of population density on the vigour in groups of Coptotermes lacteus (Froggatt) and Nasutitermes exitiosus(Hill) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae, Termitidae)
1983 - IRG/WP 1197
(Summary of paper 1194)
The vigour - survival and wood consumption - of groups of Coptotermes lacteus and Nasutitermes exitiosus was measured when termites were kept at different population densities (g termites/ mL) by changing group size and/or volume of the holding container. A characteristic pattern emerged. At low population densities (< 0,01 g/mL) performance of termites improved with an increase in group size; at higher population densities it tended to decline. The impact of altering group size and container volume on termite vigour was most pronounced at low densities; at higher population densities, performance tended to be more stable but declined markedly when termites became overcrowded. In most jar-type experiments on termites, especially those conducted in Europe and the U.S.A., small groups of termites are housed in disproportionately large jars, resulting in very low, sub-optimal population densities. Suggestions are made for improvements in experimental design that would lead to an enhancement of the comparability of results from different laboratories.
M Lenz, R A Barrett, E R Williams
Shockwaves in wood preservation
2005 - IRG/WP 05-40308
Shockwaves are strong perturbations in aerodynamics that propagate at supersonic speeds independent of the wave amplitude. Physically the occurrence of shockwave is always characterized in a fluid flow by instantaneous changes in pressure, velocity and temperature. In this paper we describe a new wood preservative injection system that has been developed utilizing the non-linear pressure spike beh...
G Jagadeesh, R Lal, G Ravikumar, K S Rao