Your search resulted in 1172 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Alternatives to CCA-treated Pinus radiata as vineyard posts
2004 - IRG/WP 04-50212
An estimated 10 million trellis posts per year are used in Australian vineyards and about 75% of these are CCA-treated Pinus radiata. CCA-treated Pinus radiata posts are brittle and at times in short supply. Use of some products containing CCA is being restricted in Australia. Recently, plantation forestry has expanded rapidly for disposal of industrial and irrigation wastewater. Thinnings from th...
M Mollah, J Smith, K McCarthy, L J Cookson
Moderate temperature fixation of CCA-C
1989 - IRG/WP 3522
Several Canadian treating plants are using moderate temperature (40-60C°) fixation chambers to reduce drippage and leaching from fresh CCA treated wood. In this study, chromium reduction and surface leaching properties of CCA-C treated red pine (Pinus resinosa) pole sections were monitored during exposure to temperatures of 50-60C° and 90-100% RH conditions. Chromium-VI concentration in the abso...
P A Cooper, Y T Ung
Fungicidal effectiveness of amended alkylammonium compound
1987 - IRG/WP 3421
Amendment of didecyldimethylammonium chloride was attempted to improve its fungicidal effectiveness and properties of treating solutions. Addition of copper definitely increased effectiveness in controlling wood decay fungi, although metal corrosiveness and stability of treating solutions was unsatisfactory. Further amendment with stabilizer(s), anticorrosive agent(s) and sequestering agent(s) res...
K Tsunoda, K Nishimoto
Effect of species, retention and conditioning temperature on copper stabilization and leaching for ACQ-D
2004 - IRG/WP 04-30342
The time to stabilization or equalization of the copper component of ACQ-D was highly dependent on treating solution concentration (preservative retention) and post treatment temperature. Stabilization was rapid for low preservative retentions but extended times were needed for wood treated with higher concentration solutions. The extent of stabilization was also concentration dependent with a h...
Y T Ung, P A Cooper
Characterization of Poria indoor brown-rot fungi
1995 - IRG/WP 95-10094
The heterogeneous group of "Poria" fungi causing brown rot in buildings and also of wood in ground contact comprises Antrodia vaillantii, Antrodia serialis, Antrodia sinuosa, Antrodia xantha and Tyromyces placenta. These fungi have similar morphological appearance and biology. Their nomenclature has a confusing history and is still not uniform. As a consequence, misinterpretations may occur. SDS p...
O Schmidt
The performance in the sea of seven experimental piles after sixteen years at Port Douglas, North Queensland
1989 - IRG/WP 4151
After 16 years at Port Douglas, two double-treated Pinus radiata piles were in excellent condition, a CCA-treated Pinus elliottii pile was in good condition other than for a confined streak of teredinid attack, while two CCA-treated and two untreated turpentine piles were moderately to severely attacked by Sphaeroma in the tidal zone. The marine borers collected were Sphaeroma terebrans, Martesia ...
L J Cookson, J E Barnacle, C N McEvoy
The colonisation and succession of fungi in wood
1980 - IRG/WP 1107
A study of the microbial ecology of small stakes of Pinus sylvestris and Betula pendula, both untreated, and treated with a 1% solution of CCA is in progress. Results are presented for the early stages, up to 18 months.Two new techniques were developed linked by the philosophy of objective assessment. Isolations were made from the wood in a pre-determined pattern and transferred to four selective ...
C P Clubbe
The potential for reuse of treated wood poles removed from service
1993 - IRG/WP 93-50001-18
Poles removed from service in Ontario and Quebec, Canada were characterized by age, wood species, preservative type, residual preservative, dimensions and condition. Based on this charactarization, the potential for reuse as round poles or posts, sawn posts, timbers and lumber, cedar roof shingles and firewood was assessed. A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the recovery and grade of lumber p...
P A Cooper
Effect of substrate type and moisture requirements in relation to colony initiation in two carpenter ant species
1999 - IRG/WP 99-10320
Conditions necessary for optimal colony initiation or the rate of initial colony expansion by early brood in the carpenter ant species Camponotus modoc and C. vicinus on various substrates conditioned to different moisture contents were studied. Camponotus modoc and Camponotus vicinus queens were placed in Douglas-fir, western red cedar and Styrofoam® blocks conditioned in sealed chambers at 70% ...
M E Mankowski, J J Morrell
EPA’s Current Views on Heavy-Duty Wood Preservative Regulation
2003 - IRG/WP 03-50206
This paper describes the current EPA system for regulating pesticides and wood preservatives. In particular it focuses on the voluntary phase-out of CCA for residential uses after December 30, 2003, which was agreed between the CCA manufacturers and EPA. Even though the EPA reached an agreement with industry to phase out CCA for residential uses, EPA is continuing the most rigorous risk assessmen...
F T Sanders
Efficacy of waterborne copper naphthenate as preservative for northern hardwood species
1995 - IRG/WP 95-30091
Northern red oak (Quercus rubra) and red maple (Acer rubrum) cubes pressure treated with waterborne formulation of copper naphthenate were evaluated for resistance to attack by brown fungi Gloeophyllum trabeum (Pers. ex Fr.) Murr. (Madison 617 ATCC 11539) and Poria placenta (Fr.) Cooke (Madison 698, ATCC 11538), white rot fungi Trametes versicolor (L. ex Fr.) Pilat (R-105 from Jeff Morrell), Irpex...
D P Kamdem, R Fair, M H Freeman
Rubber wood for fishing canoe construction
2005 - IRG/WP 05-40319
The rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is cultivated for its latex and the wood comes as a by-product from the rubber plantations. The highly perishable nature makes it unsuitable for boat building. The Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin conducted laboratory and field studies with chemical preservative treated rubber wood and found that the durability of the wood increased considerabl...
L Edwin, S N Thomas, B Meenakumari
Biosorption of metals for wood waste effluent clean up
1997 - IRG/WP 97-50090
The common filamentous fungi can sorb metal ions from aqueous solutions. The biosorption of metal ions like copper Cu2+, chromium Cr6+ and arsenic As5+ by dead fungal mycelia was investigated. Two industrial fermentation byproducts are tested: Mucor miehei and Aspergillus oryzae. The adsorption of metal ions depends on parameters such as chemical treatment of fungi before biosorption (acid or basi...
S Legay, G Labat
A laboratory bioassay method for testing preservatives against the marine borers Limnoria tripunctata, L. quadripunctata (Crustacea) and Lyrodus pedicellatus (Mollusca)
1990 - IRG/WP 4159
A laboratory culture and bioassay method is described for the marine borers Limnoria tripunctata, Limnoria quadripunctata, and Lyrodus pedicellatus. The methods were tested in a bioassay using established marine preservatives. The attack produced on blocks treated with CCA or creosote in some ways paralleled the attack found in the sea. Limnoria tripunctata attacked treated and untreated pine bloc...
L J Cookson
Estimation of the impregnation degree of pine wood by the distribution analysis of active ions concentration in the cross-section
1999 - IRG/WP 99-20174
Samples in the form of pine wood rollers of diversified moisture content of ca. 50, 28 and 12% were impregnated with a water solution of the mixture type CCB with the use of the full-cell process. Moisture content was determined in individual layers from the girth to the pith. In the same way the concentrations of copper and chromium ions with the use of the spectrophotometric method and recalcula...
K Lutomski, B Mazela
The performance of chlorothalonil after 4.5 years in the accelerated field simulator
1994 - IRG/WP 94-30041
The decay resistance of chlorothalonil in oil was examined in an accelerated field simulator (AFS). Pinus radiata D. Don and Eucalyptus regnans F. Muell. sapwood stakes were treated, placed in soil in the AFS, and monitored over 4.5 years. CCA type C treated stakes were included for comparison. Water and toluene treated control stakes were heavily decayed after 1-2.5 years. Oil treated controls, t...
L J Cookson
Standardization of CCA treated 45 hardwood species grown in Bangladesh for REB crossarms
1995 - IRG/WP 95-20059
Researches on 45 hardwood species grown in Bangladesh regarding density, moduli of rupture (MOR), colour and treatability of sapwood and heartwood, seasoning property and natural durability of heartwood revealed that both sapwood and heartwood of 17 species could be full cell pressure treated with CCA at impregnation pressure of 14-18 kg/cm² and only sapwood of rest 28 species could be pressure t...
A K Lahiry
Basilit CCFZ. Further studies on ecotoxicological behaviour
1992 - IRG/WP 92-3722
Basilit CCFZ is a new developed water based preservative for the protection of timber in hazard class 4 and 5 (ground-, fresh- and salt-water contact). The active components of this salt are copper, chromium, zinc and fluorine. In addition to primarily studies on the acute toxicity against organisms of the aquatic food chain a long term ecotoxicological study was performed. In a prolonged toxicity...
H W Wegen
Further studies on soft rot decay in CCA treated Eucalyptus power transmission poles in Queensland, Australia
1980 - IRG/WP 1115
Preliminary results on the examination of fungi isolated from CCA treated Eucalyptus power transmission poles were presented at the 10th Annual IRG Meeting. Since then further examination and identification of fungal isolates has been completed together with screening tests for wood decay ability and tolerance to creosote and CCA and its components. Chemical analyses for CCA retention have also be...
L E Leightley
Development of a mini-block test method for the rapid evaluation of preservative performance against Basidiomycte fungi
1991 - IRG/WP 2379
Screening procedures for new biocides used as wood preservatives can be a time consuming process using conventional Basidiomycete assay procedures. This is due mainly to the long exposure periods required to achieve adequate levels of decay (weight loss) in the test blocks. A number of alternative methods have been developed but most utilise artificial substrates such as filter paper or agar in wh...
J Brown, S Caswell, G R Williams
Recovery of copper, chromium, and arsenic compounds from the waste preservative-treated wood
1991 - IRG/WP 3651
In Japan, about 40 percents of waste wood is incinerated and the residue is dumped into the landfill site. The waste preservative-treated wood, which is mixed in nontreated wood, is incinerated in the same way, too. However, it will cause the serious problems that the gases contained with high concentration arsenic compounds are discharged from the smokestacks of the incineration facilities and th...
A Honda, Y Kanjo, A Kimoto, K Koshii, S Kashiwazaki
The potential application of rapid gas-chromatographic assay of microbial respiration to the monitoring of wood decay in field trial situations
1983 - IRG/WP 2196
Gas chromatographic detection of microbial activity (C02 production) within stakes in a field trial situation would appear to provide a sensitive, non-destructive and relatively rapid method for the quantitative assessment of preservative treatments. Most consistent results were obtained when stakes were removed from the soil, washed, saturated with water and incubated in sealed PVC tubes at 25°C...
M A Line
Differences and their causes of CCA and CCB efficacay among some softwoods and hardwoods
1991 - IRG/WP 3656
Wood blocks from two softwoods and two tropical hardwoods species treated with different concentrations of CCA, CCB, and combinations of CrO3, CuS04, H3BO3 were subjected to the decay by brown rot fungus, Tyromyces palustris. CCA maintained good effect both in softwoods and hardwoods, while CCB and the other combinations lost their effectiveness after leaching. Chemicals leached from CCA treated w...
K Yamamoto, M Rokova
Comparison of Temporal Changes in Metal Leaching and Aquatic Toxicity from Wood Treated with CCA and Alternative Preservatives
2005 - IRG/WP 05-50236
This study compares the temporal variation of chemical leaching and aquatic toxicity of wood treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) and other copper-based wood preservatives (alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ), copper boron azole (CBA), copper citrate (CC) and copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CDDC)). Treated wood blocks were leached for 21 days and the leachate collected was analyzed for prese...
B Dubey, T G Townsend, G Bitton, H M Solo-Gabriele
Preliminary results from the field experiment to determine the performance of preservative treated hardwoods with particular reference to soft rot. The four reference timber
1980 - IRG/WP 3164
The results given in the Tables 1-4 each refer to one of the four reference species treated with four solution concentrations of CCA as recorded from each test site. The species are: Alstonia scholaris, Betula pendula, Fagus sylvatica, Pinus sylvestris. The treatments were: Untreated, 0.66% CCA, 1.53% CCA, 3.01% CCA, 5.60% CCA. Each figure is an average of the ratings recorded for each replicate o...
J F Levy, D J Dickinson