Your search resulted in 3308 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
New research data confirming the suitability of bifenthrin as a wood preservative
1996 - IRG/WP 96-30116
Bifenthrin has been further tested against wood destroying insects, and its behaviour in wood has been extensively studied. Bifenthrin proved to be highly effective as a curative and preventative treatment against Anobium punctatum and Hylotrupes bajulus, after both leaching and evaporative ageing. Results of penetration tests with water and solvent based formulations, applied by brushing, dipping...
S Shires, P Héloir, B Chen, G Rustenburg
Laboratory evaluation of disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (TIM-BORÒ ) as a wood preservative or a bait-toxicant against the Formosan and eastern subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)
1991 - IRG/WP 1513
A no-choice bioassay indicated that termite feeding was significantly reduced when wood was treated with TIM-BORÒ at retentions of >3600 ppm and >900 ppm (w/w) for Coptotermes formosanus and Reticulitermes flavipes, respectively, and thus these wood preservative retention rates may be considered for these termite species. Results of a choice bioassay suggested retention rates of 450-1800 pp...
N-Y Su, R H Scheffrahn
Measuring Soil Respiration as a New Approach to Describe the Interaction Between Wood (Treated and Untreated) and Microbiologically Active Soil
2006 - IRG/WP 06-20344
Soil respirometry was employed to examine the relationship between both the performance of copper organic preservatives in contact with and the amount of carbon dioxide evolved from soil and the effect of wood treated with preservatives on carbon turnover in soil. Wood was treated with a range of copper organic preservatives intended for use in ground contact as well as an organic preservative in...
I Stephan, W Mierke
Water analysis in chemicals, wood or chemically treated wood using a new analytical method for selective water detection
2006 - IRG/WP 03-30391
Water or moisture content analysis can be a challenging task in many applications. However, knowing accurately the type of water which can be found in a given sample or product can provide important information about a chemical compound used for wood treatment and especially about the treated wood sample.
Moisture content in wood plays an important role in fungal growth and it needs to be extensi...
R Craciun, D Taylor
Preliminary screening of a boron based wood preservative for biological efficacy (fungicidal) in treated timber
2006 - IRG/WP 06-30396
The resistance of Pinus radiata D.Don sapwood blocks, treated with a boron based preservative, to attack by five wood destroying fungi (Fomitopsis lilacino-gilva, Coniophora olivacea, Gloeophyllum abietinum (boron resistant), Serpula lacrymans and Perenniporia tephropora) was investigated. A phenyl pyrazole termiticide (fipronil) was also incorporated into the formulation to examine if its presen...
S R Przewloka, J A Hann, P Vinden
Paintability and gluability of wood treated with arsenic-free and chromium free preservative treatments
2006 - IRG/WP 06-40342
The objective of this project was to study, in comparison with traditional CCA treatment, the paintability and gluability of wood treated with arsenic-free and chromium-free preservative treatments.
Four formulations, all certified CTB P+, were selected in accordance with their representativeness of the preservative product market: one CCA reference formulation and three chromium and arsenic free...
L Podgorski, G Legrand
Assessment of the ease of preservative treatment in the less-valuable Nigerian-grown Ceiba pentandra wood
2006 - IRG/WP 06-40330
The hardwood Ceiba pentandra locally known as “araba“ in Nigeria is rarely used for structural and construction works due to its high dimensional instability, low strength and durability values. Samples (25 x 50 x 600mm) were removed from four green boards (25 x 200 x 3000mm) of this species originating from a natural forest stand in Nigeria. The sapwood and heartwood were differentiated by me...
L Awoyemi, A J Pitman
Furfurylated wood - An alternative to Preservative-treated wood
2006 - IRG/WP 06-40349
Chemically modified wood is currently being marketed as a non-toxic alternative to traditional preservative treated wood (wood impregnated with biocides). Over the last decade the authors have developed modernised processes for wood modified by furfurylation. These new systems do not add metals or halogens to the product, which is important for an environmentally acceptable product. This presentat...
S Lande, M H Schneider, M Westin, J Phillips
Wood decay fungi from New Zealand ‘leaky’ buildings: PCR identification and laboratory decay tests of wood preservative-treated Pinus radiata (Part 1)
2007 - IRG/WP 07-10620
Fungi colonising Pinus radiata D. Don framing timber of ‘leaky’ New Zealand buildings were isolated to produce pure cultures. Mycelia from these cultures on agar media were collected to extract DNA. To identify the fungi to the species level, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primer pairs ITS1-F and ITS4 were performed followed by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. ...
D Stahlhut, R L Farrell, R Wakeling, M Hedley
Corrosion of metal fasteners in contact with copper preservative treated wood
2007 - IRG/WP 07-20370
The corrosion rates of metal fasteners in contact with alkaline copper quat (ACQ) treated wood with or without commercially available water repellent was compared to that of cedar. In this experiment, fasteners were sandwiched between two pieces of treated wood and exposed to a humid environment at a slightly elevated temperature. The use of a “sandwich” design allowed periodic examination of ...
BaekYong Choi, J N R Ruddick
Permethrin: A Critical Review of an Effective Wood Preservative Insecticide
2007 - IRG/WP 07-30413
Permethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid used in the wood preservation industry. The generally favorable environmental profile of pyrethroids coupled with their high efficacy led to their wide substitution of the chemically resistant organochlorines dieldrin, lindane, and chlordane formerly used for protection of buildings against wood destroying organisms. Much of the research on performance of perm...
M H Freeman, D N Obanda, T F Shupe
Efficacy of chitosan in combination with GRAS (Generally Recognised As Safe) compounds as a potential wood preservative
2007 - IRG/WP 07-30414
In vitro studies were undertaken to evaluate the synergy between chitosan and selected GRAS (Generally Recognised As Safe) compounds against two sapstain fungi Sphaeropsis sapinea and Leptographium procerum. Bioassays performed on nutrient medium suggested that some of the GRAS compounds tested including sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate and ascorbic acid had a synergistic effect when combined w...
C Chittenden, K Thämelt, T Singh
Silver – The Next Generation Wood Preservative
2007 - IRG/WP 07-30419
The successful introduction and commercial use of products designed to have controlled release of silver ion over long time periods prompted the Silver Research Consortium and the US Forest Products Laboratory to undertake research to see if silver could also be an effective wood preservative to be used in place of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) now prohibited for use in the United States and els...
J R Ellis, K Jayachandran, D Nicholas
Silver as a Wood Preservative Environmental Requirements and Concerns
2007 - IRG/WP 07-30420
The pesticide uses of silver and its compounds fall under the jurisdiction of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) under the US Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act. In addition, many other national and international organizations maintain close observance of the effects of silver in different environments. The US EPA has also issued a specific announcement that t...
J R Ellis
Protection of wood for above ground application through modification with a fatty acid modified N-methylol/paraffin formulation
2007 - IRG/WP 07-40378
Hydrophobic chemical modification can be regarded as an alternative approach to conventional wood preservation using biocides in order to protect wood in hazard class 3 according the European Standard EN 335-1.
A formulation containing fatty acid modified N-methylol/paraffin and an aluminium salt catalyst was used to change the material properties of wood in order to protect wood from fungal dec...
Nguyen Hong Minh, H Militz, C Mai
Use of Moisture Meters with Treated Wood
2007 - IRG/WP 07-40382
Drying wood treated with waterborne preservatives after treatment to near outdoor EMC conditions improves its physical performance characteristics. This is primarily due to the reduced checking, splitting and warping which can occur when wet wood, particularly if restrained from shrinking by being nailed or otherwise fastened, shrinks in use. Monitoring of the drying process, rate, and end point...
W B Smith, Hwan Myeong Yeo, C Stark, B Morey, C Tascioglu, P Schneider, D Herdman, M Freeman
Amine Oxides for Use in Wood Protection: I. A Formulation Adjuvant and Performance Enhancer for Wood
2007 - IRG/WP 07-30425
Amine oxides have great potential for use in the area of wood protection. This paper highlights the advantages of using amine oxides as a formulation adjuvant and performance enhancer for different azoles. It was found that azoles are readily soluble in aqueous amine oxide solutions and form soluble concentrates. These azole/amine oxide concentrates have excellent storage stability and can be dilu...
Xiao Jiang, L Walker
Tropical In-Ground Durability of CCB-treated Keruing and other Structural Sarawak Timbers after 8 – 10 Years Exposure
2007 - IRG/WP 07-30439
The heartwood of 12 mainly low-durability native timber species of Sarawak [4 Dipterocarpus (Keruing) species, Anisoptera grossivenia (Mersawa kunyit), Canarium apertum (Seladah), Dacryodes incurvata (Seladah laut), Dryobalanops oblongifolia (Kapur kelansau), Mesua macrantha (Mergasing), Podocarpus micropedunculatus (Kayu cina), Shorea compressa (Engkabang langgai), and Pterospermum javanicum (Ba...
A H H Wong, Ling Wang Choon
Micro-Distribution of Metals in Wood Treated with a Nano-Copper Wood Preservative
2007 - IRG/WP 07-40360
The microdistribution of copper in southern pine treated with a newly-developed nano-copper wood preservative was examined to determine if it differed from that reported for wood treated with conventional copper-based wood preservatives. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) in combination with x-ray microanalysis (EDX) revealed the presence of nano-sized copper and iron particles i...
H Matsunaga, M Kiguchi, P Evans
Durability of some alternatives to preservative-treated wood. Progress report 2: Results from field tests after 5 years’exposure
2007 - IRG/WP 07-30442
A number of alternatives to preservative-treated wood have been tested according to EN 252 (stake test) and a specially designed ground-proximity field test, the latter in Sweden as well as in Hawaii, USA. Seven untreated wood species and four alternative wood treatments labelled as environmentally friendly (acetylation, linseed oil, heat treatment, vinyl polymer) were included in the study. Four ...
M-L Edlund, J Jermer
Primary Study on Compressed Preservative-treated Wood (CPW) for Outdoor Applications
2008 - IRG/WP 08-40412
In this study, the compressed wood samples pre-treated with hot water bath or water spraying were immersed in the ammoniacal copper quat –type D (ACQ-D) preservative solution to get compressed preservative-treated wood (CPW). The liquid absorption and the recovery rate of compression deformation of the compressed wood was determined, as well as the surface hardness, the distribution of density a...
Jinzhen Cao, Jia Mao
Effect of amphiphilic antioxidant alkyl ammonium ascorbate on inhibition of fungal growth: Application to wood preservatives formulation
2008 - IRG/WP 08-30466
Amphiphilic surfactants were synthesized from ascorbic acid and different fatty amines and evaluated for formulation of wood preservation products. Characterization of physicochemical properties of the new compounds indicated classical behavior of cationic surfactants. Antioxidant properties, estimated using methyl linoleate oxidation inhibition method, were similar to that of ascorbic acid teste...
C Gérardin , T Koumbi Mounanga, P Gérardin
Formation and Structure of Metal Azole Complexes
2008 - IRG/WP 08-30469
Divalent copper and zinc complexes with metal:azole ratio 1:2 were readily formed at room temperature with the fungicides tebuconazole and propiconazole. The structure of copper and zinc tebuconazole acetate and zinc cis-propiconazole chloride were examined by X-ray crystallography. In copper tebuconazole acetate, the copper atom lies on a crystallographic inversion centre and is coordinated to tw...
P D Evans, K J Schmalzl, C M Forsyth, G D Fallon, S Schmid, B Bendixen, S Heimdal
Effect of steam on fixation of Cu-amine preservative treated wood
2008 - IRG/WP 08-50251
The rates of copper fixation in copper amine preservative treated wood were investigated with different fixation conditions (20° with drying and 50° without drying) and post-steaming. We also measured the degree of leaching for other biocide components (azoles, quatz, and Cu-HDO). Treatments conditioned at 20° with drying required 50 days or more to fix in woods. While copper was stabilized i...
Sung-Mo Kang, In-Yong Hwang, Suk-Kuwon Kim
Thermochemical Remediation of Preservative-Treated Wood
2008 - IRG/WP 08-50254
Remediation methods continue to be developed and refined for CCA-treated wood in order to divert this material from landfills and create secondary products from the wood fiber. A two-step thermochemical remediation method was developed to assess the efficiency of metal removal from CCA-treated spruce flakes. Nearly all the metals (As, Cr, and Cu) were thermochemically extracted from chromated copp...
R Sabo, C A Clausen, J E Winandy