Your search resulted in 3410 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Categories in wood preservation hazard, risk, and use
1994 - IRG/WP 94-20048
In various countries hazard-, risk-, or use-categories have been established. The different terms seem to be only a sophisticated language problem, but they are rather a basic principle of the philosophy of wood preservation which is going to obtain importance with respect to the low reputation of chemical wood preservatives in an increasing number of countries. Whilst hazard signifies the fact th...
H Willeitner
Dimensational stabilisation of wood
1981 - IRG/WP 3171
A review is given of the studies on the dimensional stabilisation of wood which have been carried out in the laboratory 5.14 "Wood Technology" since 1967. All stabilisation methods known have first been compiled from the available literature. Practical studies were then started. Wood was treated with monomers (styrene, methyl metacrylate, isocyanate), formaldehyde, tannin and sugar. Despite a sati...
A Burmester
After 18 years, preservative dipping and brush treating continue to provide protection to shingles of western wood species
1997 - IRG/WP 97-30156
The presence of residual preservation in dip-treated and brush-treated shingles of various species from the western United States was assessed 18 years after installation using Aspergillus bioassays. The performance of western redcedar (Thuja plicata) was compared to western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana) and western larch (Larix occidentalis). Untreated shingles of a...
T C Scheffer, D J Miller, J J Morrell
Pollution in wood preservation - Aspects and problems
1973 - IRG/WP 55
In the field of wood preservation too, pollution problems have to be considered. They originate with the wood preservatives used. The extent of pollution differs widely with the type of preservative and the treatment process used. Per unit of impregnated timber, pollution will be lower if treatment is performed in treating plants than in distributed places. It will be highest for the old type Bouc...
H Willeitner
Towards a unified international hazard class system
1996 - IRG/WP 96-20081
Working party 2.5 on International Standardisation has set the development of a unified hazard class system as a short-term objective. This document is intended to stimulate the discussion required to work towards such a system. Two possible approaches are discussed, the compromise approach and the development of a basic system from first principles. For the second approach, the factors impacting ...
P I Morris
Effects of steaming heat treatment of wood on the stimulation of termite feeding
1997 - IRG/WP 97-10212
At the 26th IRG conference, we reported that steamed Japanese larch heartwood samples were suffered a serious attack by subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus both in choice and no-choice feeding tests. This is possibly caused by the yield of termites stimulants in the wood samples resulting from the steaming process. Since the steaming heat treatment has often been applied to other several ...
S Doi, Y Kurimoto, M Takahashi, T Yoshimura
Evaluation of tropolone as a wood preservative : activity and mode of action
2002 - IRG/WP 02-30282
The fungicidal activity of 2-hydroxy cyclohepta-2,4,6-trienone (tropolone) analogue of b-thujaplicin a natural product responsible for the durability of heart wood of several
cupressaceous trees was investigated in vitro on growth of white and brown rot fungi. Results obtained show that tropolone, easily prepared from commercially available products,
possesses strong fungicidal activity similar ...
P Gérardin, M Baya, N Delbarre, P N Diouf, D Perrin, P Soulounganga, E Gelhaye,
J P Jacquot, C Rapin
Issues Facing Wood Preservation in Australia Today
2003 - IRG/WP 03-30327
Timber and timber products are a major part of the Australian building industry and preservative treatment is a common consideration for most timber users. Despite this however, there is a major lack of awareness by the users of the various issues associated with preservative treatment.
Australian treatment specifications are logical, concise and uncomplicated. There are three agencies in Austr...
J Norton
Evaluation of wood preservatives for Nordic wood preservation class AB
2002 - IRG/WP 02-30297
In the Nordic countries there are restrictions in the use of wood preservatives based on chromium and arsenic. For above ground use, class AB according to the Nordic system, only
copper based preservatives are allowed in Sweden. Thus several new preservatives, copper based or metal free are now used. They have been approved by the Nordic Wood Preservation Council after passing laboratory tests ag...
M-L Edlund, J Jermer
Administration of wood preservative usage in New Zealand
1977 - IRG/WP 395
Principal administration of the preservative treatment of timber in New Zealand is by the Timber Preservation Authority (TPA). The TPA was established in 1955 by Act of Parliament and is under the jurisdiction of the Minister of Forests who appoints its members. Its field staff are Forest Service employees. The Authority comprises twelve members and includes representatives of timber trade associa...
M E Hedley
Treatment of wood by diffusion of salts
1976 - IRG/WP 368
A brief survey is given on the treatment of wood by diffusion of salts. The compounds used for this process, mainly boron and fluorine compounds, are mentioned and the factors influencing diffusion described. The main pre-condition is a high moisture content of the wood of above 40%. Fields of application are fresh roundwood, remedial treatment of poles and sleepers, preservation of posts and espe...
G Becker
Insect growth regulators: modes of action and mode of action-dependent peculiarities in the evaluation of the efficacy for their use in wood preservation
1997 - IRG/WP 97-30155
Up to now, the insecticides used in wood preservation are either of more or less non-specific mode of action - like boron - or of neurotoxic mode of action - like chlorinated hydrocarbons, carbamates and pyrethroids. The active ingredients actually used are primarily mirroring the progress in active ingredient research in plant protection. The methods of testing of the insecticidal efficacy of woo...
M Pallaske
Screening test methods with termites as first laboratory evaluation of new active substances for wood preservation
1995 - IRG/WP 95-10135
European test methods (EN) with termites have been compared with long-standing experience from screening test methods in the laboratory of Eberswalde. The results are discussed in terms on the possibility of using screening test methods as the first laboratory evaluation of new active substances in wood preservatives. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are considered. Only a small a...
W Unger
Three-dimensional modeling of fumigant distribution in wood poles
1993 - IRG/WP 93-30025
The practice of using fumigants to control internal decay has been widely accepted in the United States and has shown to be effect in control internal decay in transmission poles and other large wood timbers. Mathematical models were developed to simulate the chloropicrin movement in utility poles after treatment. The simulation results indicated that treatment of utility poles, using either tradi...
Jing Liu, B Goodell
Harmonisation of technical requirements of treated wood in Europe. What can we learn from the experience in the Nordic countries?
1995 - IRG/WP 95-50040-20
In the Nordic countries the Nordic Wood Preservation Council (NWPC) has since 1972 harmonised the technical requirements for pressure treated timber in a Nordic standard. These requirements were used by the control schemes that exist in every country. In 1976 the first Nordic standard for pressure treated wood was accepted and in 1978 NWPC changed from recommendations to approvals for the preserva...
F G Evans
Wood preservation research in Tanzania: Priorities and challenges
1988 - IRG/WP 3462
Tanzania provides some of the highest rates of wood deterioration in service leading to alarming economic losses and yet no serious concern is shown in search for solutions to the problem. The paper attempts to point out some of the priority areas in the field of wood preservation research that demand urgent attention if timber is to be used judiciously in this country. An account is given of the ...
K K Murira, R Cockcroft
Treatment groups and remedies for CCA treated hardwood and softwood poles
1999 - IRG/WP 99-40142
Different hardwood and softwood species from Bangladesh and Bhutan was investigated regarding density, green fiber stress, natural durability of heartwood and CCA treated sapwood, CCA treatability grades, sapwood thickness, and kiln-drying properties for long term use as electric poles. These properties along with the past service records for nineteen years, separated ten heardwood and five softwo...
A K Lahiry
Long-term preservation technology for a large-scale timber structure building in Japan
2001 - IRG/WP 01-40203
Several 1.000-year-old Buddhist temples and shrines built of wood are surviving in Nara, some areas of which are inscribed on the World Heritage List. These old buildings are indicative of excellent timber construction technology having existed in ancient Japan, though it is thought that such technology has not been handed down. This paper introduces one of large-scale wood buildings built in rece...
Y Iimura
Treatment of wood with boron esters
1995 - IRG/WP 95-30087
The treatment of wood and wood products with boron esters is reviewed. The physical and chemical characteristics of boron esters affecting the treatability of wood are discussed, in particular thermal decomposition and rates of hydrolysis. The uses and methods applying boron esters as wood preservatives include: (i) Solutions of boron esters for remedial and diffusible treatment of wood; (ii) soli...
J Romero, P Vinden, J A Drysdale
Gaseous preservative treatment of wood
1990 - IRG/WP 3631
A recent development in processing wood with a gaseous preservative means that dry, treated wood can be produced in under 30 hours with the benefits of product diversification, faster stock turnover and the ability to respond to short term demand. About 400,000 m³ of wood are treated each year in New Zealand with boron salts to protect from borer infestation. Traditionally this treatment is effec...
R Burton, A J Bergervoet, K Nasheri, P Vinden, D R Page
Environmental characterisation of retification process by-products (liquid and gaseous wastes)
2005 - IRG/WP 05-50224-10
In order to reduce environmental risks during the service life of the treated wood and to find new alternative developments on the durability of wood, some research and technology development have been made on thermal treatment. The retification process is one of these processes. The retification process induces chemical modification of the lignin and cellulosic components and modifies the intrins...
G Labat, E Bucket, S Legay, C Yriex, P Marchal, E Raphalen, M Vernois, R Guyonnet, H Besset, E Fredon), G Vilarem, L Rigal, C Raynaud
Wood preservatives treatment of black spruce
1997 - IRG/WP 97-40092
A representative sample of black spruce logs from Central Newfoundland was harvested and processed to dressed 2"x4" lumber. Over 400 pieces of lumber were then incised and treated with ACQ preservative in a semi-industrial retort. 9 charges of 20 samples were used to determine treating parameters and 11 charges of 20 pieces were treated using the optimized process. This material was inspected by a...
A R Zahora, J P Hösli
Characteristics of thermally modified wood in vacuum
2004 - IRG/WP 04-40287
In commercial thermal wood modification processes nitrogen, steam or oil has been used for the reduction of oxygen content in the reactor atmosphere. In present study no special heating medium, but an initial vacuuming step has been used for this purpose. Mass loss, resistance to fungal decay, dimensional stability, bending strength and modulus of elasticity of heat treated wood were evaluated and...
G Rep, F Pohleven, B Bucar
Preservation of coppice wood for the fabrication of glued beams or panels
1987 - IRG/WP 3427
In this survey we will examine the specific problems concerning the conservation and the preservation of timber (issued from trunks of small diameter corresponding to products of clearings or coppices) destined for the fabrication of solid reconstituted elements. Thus for six metropolitan species of wood, we first characterized the biological deteriorations which occur after felling and their kine...
G R Y Déon, R Schwartz
Conservation of Nypa fruticans and Indigenous Timber Species of Sundarban Mangrove Forest of Bangladesh by Using Preservative Treatment.
2005 - IRG/WP 05-40297
This report describes the possibilities and benefits of preservative treatment of some Bangladeshi wood species. It is concluded that:
Heartwood of Sundri is not easily treatable. The treating schedule of 14.1 kg/cm² pressure and eight hours treatment period may be used for treating sundry logs. During the treatment of Sundri wood must not mix with other species. Other timber species such as Gew...
G N M Ilias