Your search resulted in 3493 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Tolerance of Wood Decay Fungi to Commercial Copper Based Wood Preservatives
2002 - IRG/WP 02-30291
Due to the use of copper based preservatives like CCB or CCA for more than a century, copper tolerant fungi have appeared in some European countries in recent times. It is therefore important to find out whether this phenomenon is specific for only classical copper ingredients, or generally for all copper based formulation. Thus, we tested the tolerance of three commercial copper based
pres...
F Pohleven, M Humar, S A Amartey, J Benedik
Decay resistance of Platanus acerifolia wood against White Rot Fungi (Coriolus versicolor)
2002 - IRG/WP 02-10431
Degradation of the lignocellulose complex in wood varies on the microorganism causing decay and chemical composition of wood. The weight loss of Platanus acerifolia wood after decay by white rot fungus (Coriolus versicolor) for period 16 weeks were evaluated according to European standard EN 113 and beech wood as a control. The samples were collected in October 2000 from Nantes, France. The aim of...
M Irmouli, O Duchelier, N Ayadi, B Charrier
Variation of natural durability of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) wood in 15 clones examined by decay test (Preliminary report)
2004 - IRG/WP 04-10526
Natural durability of wood in 27 trees from 15 clones of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica)　 was investigated by an accelerated decay test. Thirty years old trees were collected from a clonal trial in Ibaraki prefecture, Japan. Natural durability is usually evaluated in heartwood. Mass losses of heartwood caused by a brown rot decay fungus, Fomitopsis palustris and a white rot decay fungus, Py...
K Yamamoto, A Tamura, R Nakada
The wood-attacking insects in wooden houses of an old open air museum in southern Finland
1989 - IRG/WP 1409
Harmful insects of wood in a open-air museum were investigated in 1985-1988 by order of the National Board of Antiquities and Historical Monuments of Finland in nine old log houses. Many thousands of insects and altogether 1073 anobiids (Coleoptera, Anobidae) were obtained by window and light traps. The most common Anobiidae-species were Hadrobregmus confusus (Kraatz) 60.3%, Hadrobregmus pertinax ...
H Viitanen, M Pulkkinen
Assessment of the Inhibition of wood decay fungi by volatile organic compounds identified from Trichoderma spp.
1999 - IRG/WP 99-10302
Previous research identified five volatile organic compounds produced by Trichoderma spp. that may be inhibitory to wood decay fungi. The effects of four of these volatile organic compounds, 2-propanone, 2-methyl-1-butanol, heptanal and octanal were tested over a range of concentrations against four selected wood decay fungi. The fungi were incubated in malt extract broth under appropriate conditi...
S N Humphris, R E Wheatley, A Bruce, C Payne
Effect of test site, preservative and wood species on decay type Glenbervie pastoral and radiata pine forest sites
2000 - IRG/WP 00-30248
Pinus radiata stakes were treated with 0.8, 1.2, 1.8, 2.7 and 4.1 kg/m3 of CCA and Fagus sylvatica with 2.7, 4.1 and 6.1 kg/m3 of CCA. Both wood species were also treated with equivalent retentions of a copper plus triazole preservative (CT) (0.89, 1.3, 2 and 3 kg/m3 of copper for pine & 2.5 and 4 for beech) and chlorothalonil plus chlorpyriphos in oil (CC) (1.4, 2.1, 3.2 and 4.8 kg/m3 of chlo...
R N Wakeling
Micromorphology of Schizophyllum commune attack in pine (Pinus sylvestris) wood
1983 - IRG/WP 1184
The decay pattern caused by Schizophyllum commune in pine latewood tracheids was studied using both light and transmission electron microscopy. The attack began as isolated concentric slits within the S2 layer with extensive lamellation and separation of individual wall layers observed in subsequent stages of decay. The slits resulting from attack appeared to be formed in thin, regular concentric ...
T Nilsson, G F Daniel
Water-Borne Copper Naphthenate: An Emerging Wood Preservative
2002 - IRG/WP 02-30280
Waterborne copper naphthenate (WB Cu-N) was used to treat southern yellow pine (Pinus spp) and red maple (Acer rubrum) stakes. The treated stakes were exposed in test sites located in Florida, Michigan and Mississippi for 3 to 6 years. Copper Chromium Arsenate (CCA),
Ammoniacal Copper Quat (ACQ) and Oil-borne Copper Naphthenate (OB Cu-N) were also used to treat some stakes for comparison. Results...
P Nzokou, D P Kamdem, M H Freeman
Durability of heat-treated wood
1999 - IRG/WP 99-40145
Heat-treated wood from the French process were laboratory tested against decay using agar block test and a modified soil block test. Water absorption, bending strength, lignin content and acid number were also determined to evaluate the effect of heat treatment. Heat treated samples exhibit a higher lignin content and a lower acid number compared to untreated control indicating the degradation of ...
D P Kamdem, A Pizzi, R Guyonnet, A Jermannaud
The Protection of Wood with Oxy-aluminium Compounds
2002 - IRG/WP 02-30286
Wood inorganic composites (WICs) containing aluminium compounds were developed and tested in relation to some essential requirements of preservative treated wood. Four different oxy-aluminium treatments were developed and identified according to the final insoluble compounds formed (sodium aluminate, aluminium hydroxide, magnesium aluminate and aluminium borate) in wood. Vacuum impregnation or dou...
F A Ximenes, P D Evans
A dynamic approach to assess the modulus of elasticity in wood decay testing
1998 - IRG/WP 98-20139
In this study, the changes in elastic behaviour and mass losses of different hardwood and softwood species exposed to decay in a laboratory soil tests were assessed. Wood decay was monitored using different assessment methods, namely: mass loss and changes in elastic behaviours (MOE) determination. Elastic changes were determined by static and dynamic methods, for the latter, acoustic technique wa...
L Machek, H Militz, R Sierra-Alvarez
Comparative study of the degradative ability of autochthonous and standardized strains of wood decay fungi
1996 - IRG/WP 96-10178
This study is intended to assess the biomass, the extracellular protein production, and the carbohydrate degradating ability of three standarized (Chaetomium globosum, Trametes versicolor and Gloeophyllum trabeum) and six autochthonous wood decay fungi strains, with unknown degradating effects. The carbohydrate sources used were those that are usually found in wood cells (glucose, galactose, manos...
F Llinares, D Muñoz-Mingarro, J E Garcia de los Rios, M T De Troya, M Yuste, F Rubio, F Alvarez, P Jiménez, C Rodríguez-Borrajo, A M Navarrete
Targeted inhibition of wood decay (Using everything but the kitchen sink)
1997 - IRG/WP 97-10203
Low molecular weight oxidative decay agents have been implicated in the degradation of wood by brown-rot decay as evidenced by chemical analysis of brown-rotted wood and detection of oxalic acid and hydroxy radicals. Fenton chemistry (H2O2 / Fe++) is often proposed as the mechanism for generating hydroxy radicals. Previous authors have shown iron to enhance the brown-rot hydrolysis of wood, while ...
F Green III, T A Kuster, T L Highley
Evaluating the resistance of wood-based panel products to fungal attack
1995 - IRG/WP 95-20071
At present there is considerable disagreement among national research institutes within Europe and panel product manufacturers on the most appropriate method of testing and indeed the need for specific biological durability testing. This paper seeks to place before a broader international audience, the issues related to development of a European standard for evaluating the resistance to fungal dec...
R G Lea, R W Berry
Detection of wood decay fungi in wood using a PCR-based analysis
1998 - IRG/WP 98-10279
We have developed a DNA-based assay to reliably detect brown rot and white rot fungi in wood at different stages of decay. DNA, isolated by a series of CTAB and organic extractions, was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction using published universal primers and basidiomycete-specific primers derived from ribosomal DNA sequences. We have surveyed 7 species of brown rot fungi, 7 species of whit...
C Jasalavich, A Ostrofsky, J Jellison
On the resistance of consolidated ancient wood against Serpula lacrymans (Wulfen: Fr.) Schroeter
2000 - IRG/WP 00-10348
Structural timbers and other wood objects of cultural value in historical buildings and museums are often attacked by wood-destroying fungi. The aim of conservators is to preserve such damaged timbers and prevent further biodeterioration by impregnation with consolidants. There is little knowledge of the resistance of consolidated timber and art objects to a new attack by wood-destroying fungi. Br...
W Unger, A Unger, U Schiessl
Aboveground Microbial Decay Test of Biocide Treated and Untreated Wood Exposed to Danish and Humid Tropical Climates
2004 - IRG/WP 04-20306
A co-operative study was initiated to compare the aboveground field decay test of untreated and preservative-treated timbers under Nordic (Danish) and a representative humid tropical (Malaysian) environment according to CEN standard method. Matched specimens of untreated and both preservative-impregnated and surface-treated wood were simultaneously exposed at The Danish Technological Institute (DT...
A H H Wong, N Morsing, K H Henriksen, S Ujang
Difference of CCA efficacy among coniferous wood species
1990 - IRG/WP 3601
Wood blocks of Cryptomeria japonica, Tsuga heterophylla, and Pinus radiata successively extracted with n-hexane, ether, and methanol were treated with various concentrations of CCA type 3, which were subjected to the decay by Tyromyces palustris. The weight loss were different among species and kinds of extraction. Cryptomeria japonica treated with CCA had higher fungal resistance than Tsuga heter...
K Yamamoto, M Inoue
Chelator production and cellobiose dehydrogenase activity of wood inhabiting fungi
2000 - IRG/WP 00-10363
Multiple components have been postulated to be involved in the Fenton-based biological degradation of wood by brown rot fungi. Chelators have been implicated in essential iron reduction steps. Cellobiose dehydrogenase activity and quinone reducing activity have also been implicated in brown rot biodegradation. When biochelator production by three white rot fungi, three brown rot fungi and three wo...
Weihong Qi, J Jellison
Siderophore production by Trichoderma spp. and its importance in the biological control of wood decay fungi
1994 - IRG/WP 94-10070
Competition for iron as well as other micro-nutrients is an essential component of the microbial ecology of many ecosystems. A wide range of micro-organisms including fungi and bacteria have been shown to increase their ability to efficiently capture iron through the production of specialised iron chelating compounds called siderophores. Since iron is in low supply in wood and has been implicated ...
U Srinivasan, A Bruce, T L Highley
The effect of alternative pre-conditioning procedures on the durability of wood based board materials to decay fungi
1997 - IRG/WP 97-20105
In the biological testing of wood based board materials it has been shown that exposure of boards in a closed vessel system may lead to inaccurate results due to the build up of volatile substances that inhibit the test fungi. It is thought that this is a transitory effect of freshly manufactured boards. In the European standard for testing fungal durability of board materials which is currently u...
S F Curling, R J Murphy, J K Carey
Lab and field test results for wood treated with polymeric alkylphenol polysulfide
2001 - IRG/WP 01-30268
A new wood preservative based on polymeric alkyphenol polysulfide (PXTS-A) is being evaluated in a series of laboratory and field tests and the results continue to show promise. A modified formulation (PXTS-B), which contains additives to reduce the viscosity, is being evaluated along with the original formulation. Soil block decay tests comparing PXTS-B with CCA-C indicate that PXTS-B is equally ...
J Goswami, A Abramson, R Buff, D D Nicholas, T Schultz
Influence of acidification on decay processes of CCB treated wood
2004 - IRG/WP 04-10514
The phenomenon of copper tolerance by brown rot fungal strains has been known for a long period but the complete mechanism of copper tolerance by these fungi is not understood yet. Copper tolerance has previously been linked to oxalic acid excreted by copper tolerant brown rot fungal strains. This acid reacts with copper in the wood to form an insoluble and therefore less toxic copper oxalate. The...
M Humar, S A Amartey, M Šentjurc, F Pohleven
Study of the degradation caused by micro-organisms in Pinus sp. waterlogged wood
1989 - IRG/WP 1411
So far, the different Centers are trying the restoration and the conservation of wood structures, coming from subaquatic archeological deposits, with interest from the historic - artistic point of view. The main objective of this paper has been the determination of the decay level of Pinus sp. wood coming from a roman ship (approximately 2000 years old), where we have analyzed their physical prope...
M T De Troya, M C Escorial, J Garcia, A Cabanas
The improvement of wood durability by retification process
1993 - IRG/WP 93-40015
A material with new properties is obtained by retification process. It consists of a light pyrolysis of wood which becomes more stable and especially more resistant to fungal attack with few decrease of mechanical properties. Tests were carried out on three susceptible wood species (Poplar, Spruce, Fir) that are used in construction and are difficult to treat with wood preservatives. Retified wood...
D Dirol, R Guyonnet