Your search resulted in 607 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Detection of methanogenic bacteria in mining timber
1988 - IRG/WP 1352
Methane explosions in gold mines have been attributed to spontaneous ignition of methane/air mixtures. Biogenesis of methane in the heartwood of diseased trees has been shown, but never in timber in service. Studies were therefore undertaken to establish whether methanogens were present in wooden pit props. Core samples were removed by Pressler increment borer from props in disused areas 2,600 m d...
L D Abraham, K Westlake, R I Mackie, J F Putterill, A A W Baecker.
Environmental fate of copper-based wood preservatives in different soil substrates - Part 1: Screening of the metal adsorption potential
1998 - IRG/WP 98-50101-21 a
In treatment plants, spillage of wood preservatives onto soil may be of environmental concern. This potential soil contamination served as an objective for a screening study. Three different mineral soils, a mineral substrate and two horticultural substrates are examined for their sorptive potential of copper through mixing with wood preservative solutions.
Depending on the soil/substrate charact...
G M F Van Eetvelde, J M Mwangi, F Tack, R Hartmann, M Stevens
Interactions between water-borne preservatives and emulsion additives that influence the water repellency of wood
1991 - IRG/WP 2374
Incorporation of non-polar additives into water-borne treatments through of emulsion technology can greatly improve the physical characteristics of wood in service. Of specific interest with these emulsions is their effectiveness in reducing the rate of wood swelling. We have observed that the presence or absence of preservatives can often significantly influence the resultant effectiveness of the...
A R Zahora
Occurrence of wood-boring pholads in Kochi harbour waters (south-west coast of India)
1992 - IRG/WP 92-4175
The paper reports the occurrence of four species of wood-boring pholads (Pholadidae: Martesiinae), namely Martesia (Martesia) striata (Linnaeus), Martesia (Martesia) fragilis Verrill and Bush. Martesia (Particoma) nairi Turner and Santhakumaran and Lignopholas fluminalis (Blanford), in the Kochi back-waters, south-west coast of India. Of these Martesia nairi and Lignopholas fluminalis are now reco...
L N Santhakumaran, M V Rao
Influences of the hydro-thermal treatment on physical properties of beech wood (Fagus orientalis)
2005 - IRG/WP 05-40303
Influences of the hydro-thermal treatment on physical properties of beech wood were studied. Wood specimens (2×2×2cm) were treated in two steps. At first step, samples were treated at 160,180 & 200ºC for 4, 5 & 6 hours. At second step, treated samples were cured based on their first step treatment temperatures (160,180 & 200ºC) for 16 hours. The treated samples were soaked in water...
B Mohebby, I Sanaei
Preservation of wood-based panels against fungi and insects and and testing its efficiency
1976 - IRG/WP 270
Wood-based panel products which are made of susceptible wood species may be destroyed by fungi under wet conditions and by termites. The glues do not provide sufficient protection unless very high concentrations are applied. Particle boards and fibre boards are not susceptible to beetle infestation, although some species may attack plywood. Various types of preservatives provide sufficient protect...
G Becker, M Gersonde
Some aspects of testing water repellents
1998 - IRG/WP 98-40113
Several test methods are used to determine the efficiency of water repellent treatments on wood. The most common are: contact angle measurement, swelling rate of samples immersed under water and, the increase in mass of wood samples with time or after a fixed period of time either fully immersed under, or partially immersed in or floating on water.
In this paper, some fundamental aspects of the l...
D Lukowsky, M Farnow, T Rypstra
Movement of water through quaternary ammonium treated wood
1987 - IRG/WP 3440
Radiata pine sapwood stakes were treated with didodecyl methyl 1, 3 dichloropropenyl ammonium chloride and distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride. Various ratios of these two chemicals were, tested to determine the extent of water movement through the treated wood. Measurements were taken of the amount of water moved through the wood, degree of wetting of various sectors of the stakes, and the distr...
P J Hayward, J Duff
Ponding of radiata pine (Pinus radiata) - 2. The effect of ponding on coating penetration into wood
1998 - IRG/WP 98-10249
Radiata pine (Pinus radiata) wood panels which had been ponded for periods ranging from 2 to 12 weeks, dried and subsequently coated with a primer and examined by light microscopy after staining sections with Sudan IV to enhance the contrast of the primer material.
A correlation between the extent of ponding and the extent of coating penetration into wood was observed. The coating penetration var...
A P Singh, S S Gallagher, U Schmitt, B S Dawson, Yoon Soo Kim
Applicability of supercritical carbon dioxide to the preservative treatment of wood-based composites
2001 - IRG/WP 01-40199
Treatability of five structural-use wood-based composites (medium density fiberboard, hardwood plywood, softwood plywood, particleboard and oriented strand board) was evaluated when supercritical (SC) carbon dioxide (CO2) was used as a carrier solvent. Treatments were conducted at three temperature 32 levels (25, 35 and 45°C) and two pressure levels [80 kgf/cm2 (7,845 kPa) and 120 kgf/cm2 (11,768...
M Muin, A Adachi, K Tsunoda
IRG/COIPM INTERNATIONAL MARINE TEST - to determine the effect of timber substrate on the effectiveness of water-borne salt preservatives in sea-water. Progress Report 14: Report of sixth inspection (60 months) in Australia
1983 - IRG/WP 499
The IRG/COIPM International Marine Test was installed at Goat Island, Sydney Harbour, in December, 1977. The results of inspections made at 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 months have previously been reported. This document records the data obtained on the 16.12.82, i.e. after 60 months exposure, at which time only 4 of the test frames remained in test. The surface water temperature at the time of inspection...
L J Cookson, J E Barnacle
Results on field stake tests against termite – Maximum for 8 years examination at Kumamoto in Japan
2003 - IRG/WP 03-10463
Various preservative treated or modified wood and charcoal painting stakes were tested in field, maximum for eight years in Kumamoto, distributed two main termite species, Coptotermes formosanus and Reticulitermes speratus. After two years in field, untreated sapwood of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were observed severe attacks by termites, but the preservative treated stakes were observed no signif...
K Suzuki
Effect of point of preservative addition on the mechanical and physical properties of strandboard treated with Tanalith 3485
2000 - IRG/WP 00-40152
Preservative has been added to a PF bonded strandboard at various different stages in the manufacturing cycle and the physical and mechanical properties of the boards have been evaluated (modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, thickness swelling, water absorption, internal bond strength, and shear strength). Preservative addition has been examined at five different stages namely green strand d...
G J Goroyias, M D C Hale
Laboratory Evaluation and Field Trial of Chlorothalonil and Copper-based Preservatives and Leaching Performance of Copper in Copper Treated Wood
2002 - IRG/WP 02-30279
Soil block test and field trial of some Chinese plantation wood species pine and poplar treated with chlorothalonil formulations and copper-based preservatives such as ACQ-B and copper citrate (CC) were conducted. The results of soil block test indicated that chlorothalonil formulations and ACQ-B as well as CC are very effective for controlling the 2 fungi species Corious versicolor and Poria plac...
Mingliang Jiang, Ping Wang, Chungen Piao, Zhaobang Li, Quan Lu, Lei Liu
Leaching from CCA-treated wood submerged in seawater: Effect of high loadings, and a comparison between laboratory and marine conditions
1996 - IRG/WP 96-50080
This study of leaching examined the following variables: CCA loading; marine versus laboratory exposure and length of submergence. Blocks of Pinus sylvestris were treated to a range of nominal retentions from 15 to 50 kg/m³. Each block was then divided into three cubes and all transverse faces were sealed. All cubes were allowed to fix at ambient temperature for a minimum of one week. One set of ...
R M Albuquerque, S M Cragg, J D Icely
Microemulsion formulations for wood protection chemicals
1993 - IRG/WP 93-30030
A microemulsion is a thermodynamically stable oil-water dispersion system. As a formulation it provides many unique features such as water compatibility for water-insoluble chemicals, formulation stability, good bioavailability and environmental acceptance. This paper discusses the major criteria for the formulations of water-insoluble wood biocides and the comparison in properties between convent...
Bing Yu, L E Leightley
Field fencepost test of several species treated with water-borne preservatives by rural methods
1986 - IRG/WP 3385
Fencepost field results in ground-contact treated by rural methods: immersion-diffusion and sap displacement by evaporation are analyzed. Copper-chrome-arsenic and copper-fluor-chrome preservatives were used in two concentrations. The wooden species studied were: Pinus pinaster, Eucalyptus globulus and Quercus rubra. For each of the test units decay index evolution was analyzed after five years ex...
M V Baonza Merino
IRG/COIPM INTERNATIONAL MARINE TEST - to determine the effect of timber substrate on the effectiveness of water-borne salt preservatives in sea-water. Progress Report 5: Interim report
1980 - IRG/WP 454
Wood samples (15 x 2 x 2 cm³) were treated with one copper/chrome/arsenic (CCA) and one copper/chrome/boron (CCB) preservative using the following concentrations - O, 3, 6, 10%. Treated samples of three reference wood species - Alstonia scholaris, Fagus sylvatica, Pinus sylvestris were supplied to all participants. Additional local species were chosen by participants and included in the test at t...
R A Eaton
Soft-rot in Tabebuia sp. wood used in water cooling tower:
identification and degradation capacity of the fungi
1998 - IRG/WP 98-10253
Tabebuia sp. (ipe), a native Brazilian wood, is considered of high natural resistance to decaying fungi, and has been used in harsh environments, as cooling towers. Fifty-one fungi, belonging to mitosporic fungi group (Fungi Imperfecti), were isolated from deteriorated Tabebuia sp. wood samples, collected from the mist eliminator and packing of a cooling tower in operation for about 23 years. The ...
S Brazolin, M Tomazello, I H Schoenlein-Crusius
Screening of modified linseed oils on their applicability in wood protection
2004 - IRG/WP 04-30346
In this study modified linseed oils, rape oil and three waxes were screened on their efficacy as wood protecting agents. By testing all products when impregnated with high retentions in Scots Pine sapwood on water repellence qualities, additionally an accelerated weathering test, drying quality, accelerated brown rot and blue stain test, an indication is formed of the capability of these products ...
A Treu, J Lückers, H Militz
Design of a laboratory method for evaluating the effectiveness of soft rot preservatives
1988 - IRG/WP 2312
This purpose of this work was to design a method which makes it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of products which present protect wood against soft rot, using new products·of a different nature, on wood of·Pinus sylvestris L. and Fagus sylvatica L., and which, suitably applied, avoid big economic losses deriving from lack of knowledge of the active principles suitable to present protect w...
M T De Troya, A M Navarrete
The efficacy of polymer/preservative treatments in soil-bed exposure
1992 - IRG/WP 92-3729
Southern pine was treated with CCA, CCB, sodium borax/boric acid, or disodiumoctaborate, alone or in combination with an acrylic polymer system containing a water repellent. Treated samples were subjected to an unsterile soil burial test. The addition of polymer reduced the weight loss in borontreated samples at the lower retentions but not at the higher retention. Results with borates indicate th...
R J Murphy, H M Barnes, S M Gray
Preliminary evaluation of the answers to the 2nd IRG/WP-questionnaire on the state of pollution control in the field of wood preservation
1982 - IRG/WP 3209
This preliminary evaluation of the answers to the 2nd IRG/WP-Questionnaire only gives a general survey on those questionnaires which the author received until April 30th, 1982. Details, such as correlations between importance of wood preservation and pollution control, as well as a comparison of the answers with those to the first questionnaire (Doc. IRG/WP/369), could not be considered due to lac...
H Willeitner
Improvement in dimensional stability against water of the main Spanish timbers impregnated with water repellent organic protectors
1988 - IRG/WP 3468
The study reported the increase of dimensional stability against water of the main Spanish timbers, both broadleaved and coniferous, after impregnation in the autoclave with organic protector, with contains 33.3% water repellent waxes and resins. The proposed Spanish standard, U.N.E. n° 56541 is used, where dimensional stability of the impregnated wood is expressed as a% of that of the non-impreg...
J A Rodríguez Barreal
New principles for the protection of wood: Impregnation with waterborne resins
1995 - IRG/WP 95-40047
The environmental impact of classical wood preservatives as well as the use of tropical wood species with high natural durability is regarded increasingly critically in the public. Therefore other partially new principles for the protection of wood, like chemical modification, or treatment with resins were examined especially in USA, Japan and in Europe with promising results predominantly in the ...
A O Rapp, R-D Peek