Your search resulted in 1082 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Laboratory evaluation of water repellents as antisapstain treatment additives
1986 - IRG/WP 3382
Water repellent formulations consisting of five paraffin wax emulsions, three polyethylene wax emulsions, two polybutadiene resin emulsions, a polyester emulsion, and a ß-pinene polymer emulsion were subjected to water repellency tests on radiata pine sapwood. With one exception, the parafin wax emulsions were more effective water repellents than the alternative formulations and one of the paraff...
D V Plackett, C M Chittenden
Wood protecting chemicals for the 21st century
1993 - IRG/WP 93-30018
After assessing the past research with protection chemicals, this paper proposes future avenues for research and development in wood protection. Three scenarios are put forward for consideration. First, more is not better and future systems will emphasize combination formulations which enhance properties while providing biological efficacy. Second, current systems, especially those based on copper...
H M Barnes
Penetration and absorption of water-borne preservatives in conifers from the Western United States: A preliminary report
1988 - IRG/WP 3475
The treatment of most softwoods from the western United States with waterborne chemicals poses a major challenge. Although many of these species are commercially treated with waterbornes, there is considerable debate about their treatability. At present, there is little or no information on the treatability of western wood species with waterborne chemicals. The lack of accurate treatability inform...
S Kumar, J J Morrell
A substantively bonded water repellent treatment based on chromium carboxylates
1985 - IRG/WP 3344
Chromium carboxylates soluble in toluene have been synthesised and applied to Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) sapwood. Without any further treatment, the compounds may be readily leached from wood surfaces with toluene. After a period of heating however, they become fixed to the cell wall, substantial amounts being resistant to leaching even under reflux conditions for several hours. Treatment of wo...
J K Wright, W B Banks, W J Eilbeck
The potential of high pressure pulsation processes to treat white spruce lumber with water-borne preservatives
1988 - IRG/WP 3471
Laboratory work using end sealed 4x8x46 cm³ white spruce samples has been done to explore the suitability of three variants of a 2.1 MPa pulsation process for the impregnation of white spruce with CCA. The results showed that the process improved significantly the penetration of the preservatives and reduced significantly cell collapse, when compared with the results of treatment using a 2.1 MPa ...
J P Hösli, J N R Ruddick
Effects of the delay in the beginning of treatment on absorption and distribution of water-soluble salts in posts treated by sap-replacement method
1992 - IRG/WP 92-3719
One of the most important matters in green wood treatments, such as sap-replacement method, is knowing the longest time available for beginning treatment without losing efficacy. In this paper, the influence of this factor on absorptions and distribution of the preservative into the wood is analized. Tree start-up times were first chosen: 3-6 hours, 48 h and 120 h after being cut down. The treatme...
M V Baonza Merino
Treatment and recycle of CCA hazardous waste
1993 - IRG/WP 93-50007
Chromated copper arsenate containing hazardous materials is generated from the manufacture, treatment of the wood, and from the wood itself, after its life cycle. Laboratory treating of these wastes has resulted in materials suitable for recycle or disposal as non-hazardous residues. The extraction, by both acidic and ammoniacal routes, of CCA production and treating plant waste materials has been...
E A Pasek, C R McIntyre
Resistance of pine and spruce heartwood against decay - The effect of wood chemical composition and coating with water-borne wood oil product
2006 - IRG/WP 06-10597
Natural durability of wood has been widely studied, but the combination of the natural durability and different treatments has not been the focus of many studies. The durability of wooden products is mainly based on the water permeability and the resistance against organisms. In this study, the water absorption and decay resistance of sapwood and heartwood of Scots pine and Norway spruce were exam...
H Viitanen, S Metsä-Kortelainen, T Laakso
Characteristics of treated oriented strand lumber using recycle chips
2006 - IRG/WP 06-40343
The Kyoto Protocol for preventing global warming has come into effect, and the Cabinet Council was decided on the amount of carbon dioxide exhaust to be reduced in Japan. Moreover, the recycling of demolition waste wood is mandated under the “Construction Material Recycling Law” as one of the mechanisms for Japan to form the recycling society. The law encourages the utilization of demolition w...
T Shibusawa, A Miyatake, K Yamamoto, K Hashimoto, H Sonobe
Preservative treatment of Golla cane (Daemonorops jenkinsiana) by pressure process
2007 - IRG/WP 07-40379
The feasibility of preservative treatment of golla cane (Daemonorops jenkinsiana (Griff) Mart). by pressure process has been studied using water borne preservatives CCB (copper-chrome-boron). Cane samples of three different lengths 1m, 2m and 3 m. were treated at different pressure and time period to evaluate the extent of penetration and retention of preservative chemicals. It was observed that t...
K Akhter, M Hoque Chowdhury
Wood preservation by a mixed anhydride treatment: Using simple models of polymeric wood compounds
2008 - IRG/WP 08-30457
Treatment of wood by a mixed aceto/oleic (or other fatty acid residue) anhydride promoted as a safe and environment friendly wood preservation system has been examined quantitatively by liquid phase 13C NMR and solid phase MAS-DEC (proton decoupling) 13C NMR through all its different stages to determine which reactions occur with simple model compounds of the polymeric constituents of wood. The p...
F Lyon, M-F Thevenon, A Pizzi, G Tondi, A Despres, J Gril, S Rigolet
The Effect of Heat Treatment on Water Absorption and Dimensional Stability of Anatolian Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) wood
2008 - IRG/WP 08-40407
The heat treatment of wood is an environment-friendly method for wood preservation. This process improves wood’s resistance to decay and its dimensional stability. However, mechanical properties decrease in different ration because of density loss as a result of heat treatment. In this study, the effect of heat treatment on water absorption and dimensional stability at different relative humidit...
G Gunduz, D Aydemir
Treatment of Scots pine wood with oil in water and water in oil emulsion systems: Effects on boron leaching and water absorption
2010 - IRG/WP 10-30535
The aim of this study was to investigate the water absorption and water repellent efficiency of oils and oil water emulsions [oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil (W/O)] and possibilities of reducing the amount of boron leaching from treated wood. Scots pine wood samples treated with waste or sunflower oil and water formulations contained 3%BA. The level of water absorption and water repellent effi...
E D Tomak, Ü C Yildiz, A Can
Preservative Treatment of simul (Bombax ceiba) Veneers with Hot and Cold Water Solution of borax-boric acid by Soaking Process
2010 - IRG/WP 10-40528
Veneers of simul (Bombax ceiba) were treated with different concentrations of water- borne preservatives borax-boric acid (BB) by soaking process for different time periods. In the case of hot water treatment, it was found that the average retention of preservative chemicals increased gradually with the increasing treatment period from 20 minutes to 60 minutes. Similar trend was observed in the ca...
K Akhter, Md Abul Hashem, S Akhter
Comparative Study of Heat Treatment of Beech Wood in Hot Water and Steam Medium
2010 - IRG/WP 10-40536
Heat treatment of wood is an effective method to improve the dimensional stability and durability against biodegradation. Heat treatments of beech wood in 2 different mediums (hot water and steam) in 180ºC were compared in physical, mechanical and anatomical properties. Mass loss in hydrothermally treated wood was higher than hygrothermally treated samples. Mechanical properties (MOR, MOE and CS)...
A Talaei, K Yaghoobi, A N Karimi
Combined Effect of Boric Acid and Waste Oil Treatment on Boron Leaching
2010 - IRG/WP 10-50268
In this study it was aimed to investigate the boron leaching amounts in Scots pine wood samples treated with boric acid (BA) and waste oil (WO) alone or by dual treatment. The level of water absorption and water repellent efficiency were determined with cyclical wetting tests, total of 336 hours. Wood samples that have both covered and uncovered transversal section were impregnated with 3% boric a...
Ü C Yildiz, E Dizman
Effects of Heat-Treatment in Hot Water and Steam Mediums on Gas Permeability of Beech Wood
2011 - IRG/WP 11-40557
Heat-treatment, as a major method of wood modification, improving dimensional stability, and natural durability, has been studied greatly from different aspects. The effect of heat-treatment on gas permeability, as an important physical property of wood, in two different mediums of hot water and steam, as well as in two buffers of 7 and 8, is the main topic of the present study. Hydrothermal treat...
H Reza Taghiyari, A Talaei, A Karimi
Effect of preservative treatment on dimensional stability of plywood made of treated simul (Bombax ceiba) veneer
2012 - IRG/WP 12-40575
The dimensional stability such as thickness swelling and water absorption of plywood made of treated simul (Bombax ceiba) veneers were investigated after 2 hours and 24 hours soaking under water. The veneers were treated with hot water and cold water solution of borax-boric acid (1:1), neem leaves and mahogany seeds of different concentration (1:10, 1:20, and 1:40) at different treatment duration....
K Akhter, M Mahabubur Rahaman, A Ara
The Effects of Industrial-Scale Heat Treatment and Impregnation with Boron Compounds on Water Uptake and Tangential Swelling of Some Wood Species
2012 - IRG/WP 12-40599
This study evaluated the effects of boron impregnation and heat treatment on water uptake and tangential swelling of spruce (Picea orientalis), pine (Pinus nigra), beech (Fagus orientalis) and poplar (Populus deltoides) wood species. The samples (10 x 5 x 40 - tangential x radial x longitudinal cm) were impregnated with 4 % boric acid and 4 % borax according to the ASTM D-1413 standard method. Aft...
A Can, S Yildiz, Ü C Yildiz
Hygroscopicity of wood after polyethylene glycol (PEG) impregnation and/or heat treatment
2013 - IRG/WP 13-40623
The hygroscopicity of wood after polyethylene glycol (PEG) impregnation and/or heat treatment was investigated by testing the water uptake, equilibrium moisture content (EMC) at various relative humidity levels, and contact angle of the poplar wood surface. The results showed that: (1) At the first moment, the heat treatment at temperatures lower than 160 ℃ did not reduce the water uptake be...
Weiyue Xu Yuan Zhu, Jinzhen Cao
Hydroponic Phytoremediation of Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA) and Copper Contaminated Water
2014 - IRG/WP 14-50304
The removal of selected metals by duckweed (Lemna minor) and parrotfeather (Myriophyllum aquaticum) from a simulated aqueous environment contaminated with Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA) and copper sulfate was studied in a controlled laboratory experiment. The duckweed and parrotfeather’s tissues were analyzed to evaluate the removal of copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), and arsenic (As) from CCA cont...
C Keith, H Borazjani, S Diehl, Y Su, Fengxian Han, B Baldwin
The Physical Properties of Heat Treated Fir Wood and Outdoor Durability
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40677
Wood might be easily susceptible to degrade by biotic and abiotic factors. Therefore, wood should be protected from fungi, insects and other degradation factors by applying treatment methods. Especially, for the wood have used in the external environment. Chemical treatment methods have some disadvantages such as use of toxic chemicals (Arsenic and chromium) and treatability of refractory wood spe...
O E Özkan, H Vurdu, A Temiz, G Köse
Experiences with an industrial system for controlled thermal wood modification in pressurized unsaturated steam
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40678
Thermal wood modification in pressurized reactors has a long history, but these processes are to date industrially scarcely used, because of the relatively complicated process equipment, compared to the more common high-temperature processes in kilns at atmospheric pressure. However, based on our practical experience with the FirmoLin® process, supported by recent scientific findings, it is foun...
W Willems
Leachability and Dimensional Stability of Nanosilver-Steamed Densified Poplar
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40684
This study was aimed to investigate leachability and dimensional stability of nanosilver impregnated poplar (Popolus alba), steamed before hot compression. Wood samples were impregnated with nanosilver suspension (200 and 400 ppm) under pressure of 4 bar for 20 minutes. Steam treatment was carried out at 150°C for 2 hours. Then samples were compressed (33%) radially in a hot press at 170°C for 3...
G Rassam, A Talaei, A Ahmadi
Buffered Amine Oxide Treatment Systems for Imparting Water Based Azoles/Insecticides in Douglas Fir and Eucalyptus
2015 - IRG/WP 15-40707
In today’s world, wood remains the most versatile, practical and sustainable building material. In contemporary countries, wood is a well-managed renewable resource that has a remarkably small carbon footprint compared to those of steel, aluminium, composites, and concrete. These alternative materials have continued to emerge as viable building materials given the durability issues of untreate...
R W Clawson Jr