Your search resulted in 888 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
The influence of drilling patterns on the distribution of toxicants from Polesaver Rods in hardwood poles
1994 - IRG/WP 94-30051
Polesaver Rods are solid rods of wood preservative that are used as a groundline maintenance treatment to control biodeterioration in hardwood transmission poles in Australia. The rods are inserted in holes that are drilled in a prescribed manner to distribute the toxicants into the critical groundline region of the poles. To determine the influence of drilling patterns on the distribution of toxi...
W D Gardner, C N McEvoy
A case for ecosystem-level experimentation - A discussion paper
1986 - IRG/WP 1296
Although laboratory bioassays provide a first step in testing for potential termiticides and assist in formulating recommendations of these chemicals for regulatory agencies and users, they are not designed for predicting effects on natural populations (including humans) and on ecosystem-level features. To overcome this we need microcosm studies, carefully controlled experimental manipulations of ...
J R J French
Microdistribution of Copper in Copper-Ethanolamine (Cu-EA) Treated Southern Yellow Pine (Pinus spp.) related to density distribution
2004 - IRG/WP 04-40270
The relationship between copper absorption and density distribution in wood cell walls was investigated in this study. The density distribution on layer level was obtained from two approaches: (1) calculation by using data obtained from literature; (2) microdistribution of carbon and oxygen atoms in the wood cell. The microdistribution of carbon and oxygen in untreated southern yellow pine (Pinus ...
Jinzhen Cao, D P Kamdem, E Pasek
Environmental aspects of wood preservation
1987 - IRG/WP 3406
The preservation industry employs a wide range of chemicals and processes to provide timber commodities capable of resisting biodeterioration and degradation. The public often perceives the chemicals as health hazards and treatment plants as potential threats to the environment. This paper attempts to place in proper perspective the value of wood preservation. It discusses aspects of health and sa...
H Greaves
Comparison of permethrin and fenvalerate as termiticides and their significance to Australian Quarantine Regulations
1984 - IRG/WP 1230
This paper reports detailed laboratory evaluations of the termiticidal efficacy of permethrin and fenvalerate-treated wood blocks. Comparison between artificially wheathered permethrin-treated blocks and unweathered blocks is given. The effect of a 6-week soil burial period on pyrethroid-treated blocks at a retention of 0.08 kg/m³ is also reported. Toxic or protection threshold values for the two...
J W Creffield, C D Howick
Field study: Wood degradation pattern in buildings and utility poles in tropical climates of Nigeria
1992 - IRG/WP 92-1521
The paper is the result of five years field study of wood degradation patterns in three ecological forest zones (Guinea Savannah, Tropical rain forest and mangrove forest zones, respectively). It involved 800 residential buildings and 700 electric overhead transmission poles. The methodology used was a modified Eslyn (6) test. A high rate of Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes attack especially on the ...
E O Onuorah
Evaluation of fluid distribution in pressure treated wood in different flow directions
2004 - IRG/WP 04-40281
Among different methods, polymerization technique was chosen to study distribution of fluid through cell types in treated wood. Red maple wood specimens with the size of 2 by 2 by 4 cm (radial, tangential and longitudinal, respectively) were prepared. Styrene monomer was used as the fluid for impregnation; because its physical properties such as surface tension, specific gravity and viscosity fall...
A Omidvar, M H Schneider
CCFZ, a new type of water-borne wood preservative for vacuum pressure impregnation
1991 - IRG/WP 3643
By combination of CCF-Salt types with zinchexafluorosilicate a remarkable improvement of efficacy is achieved. In the same time the ecotoxicoligical data become more save. As well as the efficacy against wood-destroying organisms (Basidiomycetes, Soft rot and Long horn beetle) the basic data to evaluate the ecotoxicological behaviour of a CCFZ-Salt are described and compared with the properties of...
W Metzner, D Seepe, H-W Wegen
Variable chlordane residues in soil surrounding houses in Louisiana
1989 - IRG/WP 1404
Eight soil samples from each of 30 houses in greater New Orleans, Louisiana were collected in October, 1986 and analyzed for chlordane residues (ppm). All houses had reportedly been treated in the late 1960's or early 1970's. Chlordane occurred in all samples, and the overall mean (+ SEM) was 870.6 + 96.5 ppm. Residue levels were unaffected by construction type (slab, crawl, craw...
J P La Fage, K S Delaplane
Wood preservation in Iran
1984 - IRG/WP 3270
The report sketches the history of the use of wood in Iran to the establishment of the country's national forest service and gives some figures for Iran's timber needs by the year 2000. Progress in wood preservation has been slow, although items such as railway sleepers and poles have been pressure treated since the first pressure impregnation plant was erected in 1932. Today the...
P Niloufari, R Cockcroft
Effects of chemicals used for ground-line protection of hardwood poles on termite attack
1988 - IRG/WP 1356
The majority of chemicals formulatet to protect the groundline of hardwood poles in Australia have been fungicides. Nine products were tested against Coptotermes lacteus attack to determine their value in preventing attack by subterranean termites. Results indicated that Busan, high temperature creosote, pigment emulsified creosote, copper naphthenate gel and "Blue 7" had a repellent effect on Cop...
R S Johnstone, R H Eldridge
Termite physical barriers: Current status of retrofitting Granitgard around 'mock-up' buildings
1994 - IRG/WP 94-10057
Two years ago a field experiment was designed and installed to evaluate the effectiveness of Granitgard, the commercial name of a grade of crushed granite rock, as a termite physical barrier when retrofitted around 'mock-up' buildings. The field station is located at Walpeup in the semi-arid mallee region of northern Victoria (360 km north of Melbourne), and there are several ind...
J R J French, B M Ahmed
FLUROX, a new breakthrough in insect control for wood preservation
1995 - IRG/WP 95-30079
FLUROX (flufenoxuron) is an acylurea insecticide which acts as a growth regulator in insects. FLUROX inhibits the production of chitin - the exoskeleton or 'skin' of the insect. When the exposed larva attempt to moult to its next stage of development, it is unable to produce a new skin and dies. FLUROX has been found to be extremely active against wood borers, when applied in a p...
A R Valcke, M Pallaske
Effects of chemical pretreatment of Douglas-fir heartwood on efficacy of potential bioprotection agents
1990 - IRG/WP 1440
Biological protection against wood decay fungi represents an environmentally attractive alternative to the use of chemicals; however, the process of identifying suitable candidates and the conditions that ensure successful protection pose major challenges. One critical aspect of this problem is to identify organisms that can rapidly and uniformly colonize the wood. Wood contains low levels of nutr...
B Dawson-Andoh, J J Morrell
Relationship between the bending strength and the degree of termite attacks on western hemlock by Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki
1990 - IRG/WP 1434
For the examination of the relationship between the bending strength and the degree of termite attacks, Western Hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla Sarg.) was used. Sixty specimens (4.5 x 4.5 x 82 cm³) were attacked by termites at the culture room of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. The termites were introduced on the central parts (10 cm) of specimens. In the case of the 2 points loading, the bending mom...
K Suzuki, T Tanaka
The natural history of teredinid molluscs and other marine wood borers in Papua New Guinea
1975 - IRG/WP 410
The teredinids, commonly known as teredos or shipworms, are bivalve molluscs adapted to boring into wood. They are most closely related to the Family Pholadidae, or piddocks, which bore into mud, stone and coral. The teredinids have a relatively small, hemi-spherically shaped shell, the elongated body extending beyond the posterior end of the shell valves. The soft body, protected by the wood and ...
S M Rayner
A new type of biocide suitable for use in different fields of wood preservation
1993 - IRG/WP 93-30014
A new type of polymeric biocides was developed containing quaternary ammonium and boron ester groups as active structure elements, to overcome the disadvantages of AAC's in wood preservation use and to utilise their good performance due to a broad efficacy against fungi on the other hand. The new biocides called polymeric betains have been tested in laboratory and field tests and especial...
V Barth, H Härtner
Detection of metabolic gas from termites using ceramic gas sensors
2001 - IRG/WP 01-20222
To evaluate termite attacks in wooden constructions by detecting the metabolic gas from termite colony, the basic performance of three types of ceramic gas sensors (odor-, methane- and hydrogen-selective sensors) was investigated. Four termite groups of different combinations of workers (100 to 1000) and soldiers (10 to 100) of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki and a small specimen of Japanese red pi...
Y Yanase, Y Fujii, S Okumura, T Maekawa, K Suzuki, T Yoshimura, Y Imamura
The density factor in termite bioassays
1985 - IRG/WP 1252
The initial and final floor surface and food block surface actually used by termites in a small container were converted to estimates of "Living Space" and "Feeding Space" densities for 1/32 to 1½ g groups of termites. The termites were provided with blocks of blotter paper as a food supply. Except where 1½ g groups exhausted the food, the survival of termites was uniformly high (averaging >9...
G R Esenther
Borates as wood preserving compounds: The status of research in the United States
1989 - IRG/WP 3542
This paper describes the extensive, on-going cooperative research effort among government and university research laboratories and industry to fully evaluate the potential for borates as wood preservatives in the United States. Research is discussed in terms of laboratory evaluations, field testing and mill trials, pilot plant pressure treatment studies, and remedial treatments. Future research pl...
H M Barnes, T L Amburgey, L H Williams, J J Morrell
Biological resistances of wood-metaborate composites using the borax solution system
2001 - IRG/WP 01-30259
Combinations of wood and metaborate composite were prepared from sapwood specimens of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) and the borax and metallic salts system using the diffusion-penetrated process. Wood-metaborate composites were produced as follows: water-saturated specimens were first impregnated by a saturated borax solution and then diffuse-penetrated with Zn2+, Ca2+, or Pb2+ solution. B...
Liang Lin, T Furuno
Antagonistic properties of Gliocladium virens against wood attacking fungi
1996 - IRG/WP 96-10162
Gliocladium virens has shown good antagonism against decay fungi in agar medium and in wood blocks. Gliotoxin produced by Gliocladium virens is associated with biocontrol of some plant diseases, but its importance to biocontrol of wood-attacking fungi is unknown. We investigated the ability of gliotoxin-producing (GLT+) isolates of Gliocladium virens and gliotoxin-deficient (GLT-) mutants of Glioc...
T L Highley, H S Ananthapadmanabha, C R Howell
Laboratory method for testing the effectiveness of soil termiticides
1992 - IRG/WP 92-1561
In France, the protection of buildings against termites is based on a chemical treatment of wood, soil and walls. Because of the withdrawal of aldrin from the market, the need of new soil termiticides has appeared. Therefore, a laboratory method derived from Cymorek's method has been developped to assess their effectiveness. Some points are developed like the type of soil, the number of t...
M-M Serment, A-M Pruvost
Control of wood biodeterioration by fungal metabolites
1992 - IRG/WP 92-1527
Treating wood with different conventional preservative chemicals for protection and economic utilisation is well known. Tough some of these chemicals are toxic to skin, their use as wood preservative is unavoidable as they should be toxic to biodeteriorating organisms also. Recent advances in chemistry of natural products enabled the use of wood extractives as biocidal compounds against biodeterio...
H S Ananthapadmanabha, H C Nagaveni, V V Srinivasan
Northern oak wood and its damages in Iran
1988 - IRG/WP 1377
The Northern oak species of Iran designated Quercus castaneaefolia C.A.M. is distributed widely in caspian littoral. In natural conditions (healthy) has favourable quality and it is used mostly in rural construtions, sleepers, parquets, cross arms for electric and communication poles, it is used also indoor and window construction, benches and finally veneer. This wood in the case of sleepers and ...
D Parsapajouh, P Niloufari