Your search resulted in 1715 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Validity of above ground testing according to ENV 12037
2008 - IRG/WP 08-20379
The standard ENV 12037 for testing of treated and untreated wood (lap-joint) exposed above ground
was issued in 1996 by The European Committee for Standardization. A draft for the development of the standard was presented by CEN-TC 38/WG 25/DOC N 076 in 2002. For a test to become valid the median rating of decay for untreated control replicates (Scots pine sapwood) must be equal or greater than ...
Ö Bergman, U Råberg, N Terziev
Performance of wood-based composites in a protected aboveground test in southern Japan
2008 - IRG/WP 08-40391
Five kinds of untreated wood-based composites (medium density fiberboard, hardwood plywood=HP, softwood plywood, particleboard and aspen oriented strand board, hereinafter abbreviated as MDF, HP, SP, PB and OSB, respectively) were exposed to subterranean termites and microbial (decay) attack under protected aboveground conditions in a southern part of Japan (Kagoshima Prefecture) for six years. An...
K Tsunoda
Measurement of wood decay by dynamic MOE in an accelerated soil contact test
2008 - IRG/WP 08-20390
Current laboratory and field testing of preservatives involves various techniques to determine the extent of fungal attack, including visual inspection, mass loss, and static bending and compression strength measurements. The objective of this study was to compare decay measurement by conventional compression strength versus dynamic MOE, employing small wood stakes in an accelerated laboratory so...
Gan Li, D D Nicholas, T P Schultz
To decay or not to decay: An accelerated field test of the validity of the Scheffer index
2008 - IRG/WP 08-20392
The Scheffer Index was introduced in 1971 to predict the relative decay hazard of untreated wood exposed above-ground. Precipitation and temperature parameters are used in the calculation. A higher Scheffer Index value implies a greater risk of decay. An accelerated 18-month study using seven field sites with Scheffer Indices ranging from 35 to 400 and two wood types (Populus tremuloides and Pi...
G M Larkin, P E Laks
Impact of decay and blue stain causing fungi on the structural integrity of wood
2009 - IRG/WP 09-10699
The potential influence of diverse decay patterns caused by different brown rot provoking basidiomycetes on the structural integrity of wood was investigated. Additionally the potential impact of blue stain on the structural integrity was examined. Therefore decayed Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) specimens representing a wide range of mass loss, caused by four different brown-rot fungi and one...
C Brischke, C Welzbacher, T Huckfeldt, F Schuh
Resistance to decay fungi of ammonium borate oleate treated wood
2009 - IRG/WP 09-30505
Ammonium borate oleate molecule (ABO) produced from reaction between boric acid, ammonia and oleic acid was tested as wood preservative treatment against brown and white rot fungi according to European standards. This compound was prepared according to a previous study which has proved existence of synthesis reaction and effectiveness against termites (Lyon et al. 2007b). Four solutions of ABO in ...
F Lyon, M-F Thevenon, A Pizzi, J Gril
Biological Performance of Boron-based Chemicals Treated Wood Composites
2009 - IRG/WP 09-40464
In this study, the biological performance of wood-based composites panels treated with boron containing chemicals against to a fungus was determined. Boric acid, borax, zinc borate and agricultural borate (Tarım-bor™), developed and patented by National Boron Research Institute, were mixed with wood chips or fibers and then particleboard, medium strand board and middle density fiberboar...
Ü C Yıldız, H Kalaycıoğlu, S Yıldız, A Temiz, E Tomak Dizman, A Çavdar Dönmez
Decay Resistance of Maple (Acer Insigne) Wood Against White Rot
2010 - IRG/WP 10-10740
In this study, the decay resistance of maple (Acer insigne) in natural state and treated with ACC (Acid copper chromate) was investigated against the white rot fungus (Coriolus versicolor). ACC is a kind of water borne preservatives that was used in this study for treating specimens under vacuum and pressure (Bethell procedure) with 3 percent concentration. In conducting mentioned evaluation, koll...
V Tazakor Rezaei
The Relative Performance of an Organic Preservative System under UC3A and UC3B Conditions using Two Test Methods
2010 - IRG/WP 10-20429
Coated L-joints have been used for decades to evaluate the performance of wood preservatives in protected environments. This study was conducted using matched coated and uncoated L-joints to simulate above ground protected and unprotect exposures. When exposed to constant moisture in a greenhouse environment, coated and uncoated L-joints give very similar performance results. In contrast, exposi...
C F Schauwecker, A Zahora, A F Preston
Service life prediction of wooden components – Part 1: Determination of dose-response functions for above ground decay
2010 - IRG/WP 10-20439
Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Douglas fir heartwood (Pseudotsuga menziesii Franco) specimens were exposed in double layer field trials at 24 different European test sites under different exposure conditions (in total 28 test sets). The material climate in terms of wood moisture content (MC) and wood temperature was automatically recorded over a period of up to eight years and compar...
C Brischke, A O Rapp
Development of microbiological test methods for the wooden packaging of foodstuffs
2010 - IRG/WP 10-20453
Whereas different sampling methods already exist for analysing contaminated surfaces or packaging made of plastic or paper, there is no methodology that enables the sampling and quantification of microorganisms in packaging made of wood. The objective of this study was to compare the most commonly used microbiological methods and to develop a reliable quality control test adapted to wooden packagi...
I Le Bayon, H Callot, M Kutnik, C Denis, A-M Revol-Junelles, J-B Millière, M Giraud, M Gabillé, N Passédat
Synthesis of novelty borate compounds for wood preservatives: Laboratory test of leachability and decay resistance
2010 - IRG/WP 10-30520
A novel series of ammonium tetraphenylborate (ATB) and borate chemical compounds (BBC) were synthesized as wood preservatives. The leaching rates and decay resistance of boron formulations containing ATB and BBC were conducted. The laboratory leaching results showed that boron leaching rate of treated wood by ATB formulations was from 2.1% - 6.7%, while that of BBC formulations from 23.3% -59.0%. ...
Zhiqiang Li, Mingliang Jiang, Xingxia Ma
Decay hazard mapping for Europe
2011 - IRG/WP 11-20463
In this study, two different dose-response models for above-ground decay as well as a model transferring macro climate data to wood climate data are presented. The models base on data from field trials, which had been conducted at 28 European test sites, and were used to calculate the relative risk for decay caused by climate variability in Europe. The two dose-response models give coherent result...
C Brischke, E Frühwald Hansson, D Kavurmaci, S Thelandersson
Comparison of rates of wood decay from four different field test protocols following 4-5 years exposure at a site in New Zealand
2011 - IRG/WP 11-30565
The rate of decay of Pinus radiata was evaluated using four different field test protocols at a site near New Plymouth, New Zealand. The average Scheffer index was 86 over the five year period of testing. The field tests were an in-ground stake test (AWPA Std E7-01) and three above ground tests – lap-joint (AWPA Std E16-98), decking (AWPC protocol) and ground proximity tests (AWPA Std E18-06) T...
P Lobb, K Day, A Siraa
Long term durability of the heartwood of seven common softwood species in above ground conditions
2012 - IRG/WP 12-10771
The natural durability for wood in above ground use has been evaluated based on results after 11 years of exposure in a test site situated at the Danish Technological Institute in Taastrup, Denmark. Selected results for seven common softwood species exposed horizontally are reported. The test results cover samples with direct rain exposure (use class 3 of the European standard EN335-1:2006) and sa...
E Tang Engelund, M Klamer, T Mark Venås, B Lindegaard
Determination of Izod Impact Strength on Wood: A Suitable Method to Detect Fungal Decay in Protective Effectiveness-Screenings of Wood Preservatives
2012 - IRG/WP 12-20484
For testing a large number of different substances regarding fungicide properties, the reduction of the decay test duration is advantageous. In the present paper the suitability of a method for testing plastics using an impact testing machine was examined. The results clearly show that the fungal attack of European beech by the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor leads to a decrease of izod imp...
H Delenk, M Zauer, A Wagenführ
Evaluation of fungal infestation and decay in a simulated use class 3 situation (block test) after some years of exposure
2012 - IRG/WP 12-20487
The so named “block test” was designed as part of the assessment methodology for testing the behaviour of natural and modified wood used under use class 3 (EN 335-2) conditions. The test was developed to expose the wood close to the ground to an environment with high humidity and high biological activity, but not in soil contact.
The present study describes the evaluation of fungal infestatio...
A Gellerich, K Röhl, S Adamopoulos, H Militz
In-ground variability of decay intensity within a test field
2012 - IRG/WP 12-20496
Timber exposed in the ground faces most severe conditions in terms of exposure to wetting and fungal decay in the terrestrial environment, therefore wood durability tests are often conducted in test fields preferably ensuring the occurrence of all relevant decay organisms. One can also expect differences in decay within an individual field-test site due to localized distribution of certain organis...
C Brischke, S Olberding, L Meyer, T Bornemann, C R Welzbacher
Durability of timber products – Part 2: Proposal for an IRGWP - Durability Database
2012 - IRG/WP 12-20497
A proposal for a web-based platform for scientific exchange of test data in the field of wood durability and wood protection has been made. The overall aim of the durability data base is to improve the usability of existing test data and to create an added value for durability research and service life prediction.
The database allows for test results from standardized and non-standardized laborat...
C Brischke, L Meyer, G Alfredsen, M Humar, L Francis
Performance of Wood Protection Systems at Multiple Field Test Sites Using the Ground Proximity Test Method
2012 - IRG/WP 12-20499
A series of preservative systems were used to treat southern pine ground proximity test samples which were then exposed at a range of test sites located throughout the world. The sites were chosen on the basis of having vastly different Scheffer Climate decay indices. After almost 14 years exposure, distinct differences are apparent in how different preservative systems perform at the different ...
A Zahora, A Preston, L Jin
Effect of an antioxidant on the efficacy of organic wood preservatives in an accelerated soil contact decay test
2012 - IRG/WP 12-30583
In comparison to inorganic wood preservatives, organic biocides in transient carriers are considerably less effective when the treated wood is exposed to soil contact. Various oils are used in some formulations with pentachlorophenol to improve the efficacy. However, use of these oils imparts unacceptable properties to products used in residential applications. Consequently, there is a need to de...
D D Nicholas, J Shi, T P Schultz, L Sites
Mold Control for Treated Lumber in Block-Stack Storage Conditions
2012 - IRG/WP 12-30588
The mold development and control for freshly treated and block-stacked wood have been evaluated using a green house mold testing method. The results for the mold resistance of several commonly used water boron preservative treatment systems, such as ACQ, Copper Azole, and borates with and without inclusion of mold inhibitors are presented. The data suggest that the different preservative treatme...
L Jin, P Walcheski, A Preston
Classifying white rot decay resistance of some hardwoods from Sarawak and Peninsular Malaysia and correlations with their tropical in-ground durability
2012 - IRG/WP 12-10788
White rot wood decay under Malaysian (humid tropical) terrestrial conditions pose more serious threats to the in-ground service life of hardwoods than other common fungal decay types. A study is made on decay resistance variation for a total combined list of 30 Peninsular Malaysian and Sarawak timber species (plus 6 exotic reference temperate commercial woods for comparison) using the laboratory s...
A H H Wong, J M E Jem, Lai Jiew Kok
Resistance of Consolidated Deteriorated Wood to Wood Decay Fungi
2013 - IRG 13-10812
The main purpose of the experiment was to establish which consolidating products in impregnated wood are the most effective against wood decay fungi. Five different consolidators were tested: Paraloid B-72, Consolidating restaurateur, SG 715 BLANC (epoxy resin), R.712 polyester and the wood consolidant agent containing nano particles, which is still in development.
From the already damaged wood ...
F Pohleven, A Valantič, M Petrič
A critical view on early indicators for above ground field performance of wood
2013 - IRG/WP 13-20509
Above ground field tests are quite often a balancing act between the provision of realistic test conditions, reliable statistics, and acceptable long test durations. Within this study we therefore reviewed 543 data sets from above ground field tests performed at 36 different test sites in 8 countries in Australia and Europe. The main objective was to investigate possible correlations between early...
C Brischke, L Meyer, G Alfredsen, P-O Flæte, L Francis, M Hansson, P Larsson Brelid, J Jermer