Your search resulted in 293 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
An overview of the economic importance and control of termites in plantation forestry and wood preservation in Peninsular Malaysia
2000 - IRG/WP 00-10382
Both the plantation forestry and wood preservation industries in the tropical and sub-tropical belts of the world, exemplified by the humid equatorial Peninsular Malaysia, regard termites as major destructive pests of standing trees, various timber products and building timber structures. This paper is a compilation of information on these economically important structural pests encountered in bot...
L G Kirton, A H H Wong, Kee Suan Cheok
The use of the Sentricon Termite Colony Elimination System for controlling termites in difficult control sites in Northern California
2000 - IRG/WP 00-10361
Some termite elimination trials in Northern California with the Sentricon Termite Colony Elimination System are presented - one of a large establish-ment, one of a single family residence with a long history of termite damage, one with a single family residence where other chemical treatments had repeatedly failed, and one single family residence in which the termites had not reached the house but...
D H Kistner, R J Sbragia
FLUROX, a new breakthrough in insect control for wood preservation
1995 - IRG/WP 95-30079
FLUROX (flufenoxuron) is an acylurea insecticide which acts as a growth regulator in insects. FLUROX inhibits the production of chitin - the exoskeleton or 'skin' of the insect. When the exposed larva attempt to moult to its next stage of development, it is unable to produce a new skin and dies. FLUROX has been found to be extremely active against wood borers, when applied in a p...
A R Valcke, M Pallaske
Effects of chemical pretreatment of Douglas-fir heartwood on efficacy of potential bioprotection agents
1990 - IRG/WP 1440
Biological protection against wood decay fungi represents an environmentally attractive alternative to the use of chemicals; however, the process of identifying suitable candidates and the conditions that ensure successful protection pose major challenges. One critical aspect of this problem is to identify organisms that can rapidly and uniformly colonize the wood. Wood contains low levels of nutr...
B Dawson-Andoh, J J Morrell
Antagonistic properties of Gliocladium virens against wood attacking fungi
1996 - IRG/WP 96-10162
Gliocladium virens has shown good antagonism against decay fungi in agar medium and in wood blocks. Gliotoxin produced by Gliocladium virens is associated with biocontrol of some plant diseases, but its importance to biocontrol of wood-attacking fungi is unknown. We investigated the ability of gliotoxin-producing (GLT+) isolates of Gliocladium virens and gliotoxin-deficient (GLT-) mutants of Glioc...
T L Highley, H S Ananthapadmanabha, C R Howell
Laboratory trials of biological control agents against subterranean termites
1991 - IRG/WP 1475
To screen for potential termite control by microorganisms, 17 mold fungi included 3 pathogenic fungi and 7 basidiomycetes, were used to challenge the test termite species, Coptotermes formosanus and Reticulitermes speratus. Test fungi were allowed grow and completely in Petri dishes. To screen for potential termite control by microorganisms, 17 mold fungi included 3 pathogenic fungi and 7 basidiom...
K Suzuki
Control of wood biodeterioration by fungal metabolites
1992 - IRG/WP 92-1527
Treating wood with different conventional preservative chemicals for protection and economic utilisation is well known. Tough some of these chemicals are toxic to skin, their use as wood preservative is unavoidable as they should be toxic to biodeteriorating organisms also. Recent advances in chemistry of natural products enabled the use of wood extractives as biocidal compounds against biodeterio...
H S Ananthapadmanabha, H C Nagaveni, V V Srinivasan
Issues Facing Wood Preservation in Australia Today
2003 - IRG/WP 03-30327
Timber and timber products are a major part of the Australian building industry and preservative treatment is a common consideration for most timber users. Despite this however, there is a major lack of awareness by the users of the various issues associated with preservative treatment.
Australian treatment specifications are logical, concise and uncomplicated. There are three agencies in Austr...
J Norton
The role of chitinase in bioprotectant activity against staining fungi
1996 - IRG/WP 96-10175
Chitin is an important structural component of the hyphae of many wood staining fungi and its disruption can lead to dramatic declines in their growth. A number of bioprotectants have been shown to produce chitinases in liquid cultures, but the role of these enzymes in bioprotection remains poorly understood. The levels of these enzymes was studied by inoculating ponderosa pine sapwood wafers with...
J Liu, J J Morrell
Major insects attacking timber used for building purposes and a practical approach for their control
1990 - IRG/WP 1449
Lignocellulosic materials like wood, bamboos, palmyra palms, reeds, leaves and grasses have been the oldest materials used by human beings. Although with the rapid pace of industrialisation, specially in several western countries, wood began to be replaced with alternative materials like cement, steel etc. yet its use has not vanished even in highly developed countries. Some of the reasons for thi...
V R Sonti, B Chatterjee
Biological control of internal decay in Scots pine poles: A seven year experiment
1992 - IRG/WP 92-1529
The interactions between key fungi were monitored, by non-destructive and destructive sampling methods, during the course of an experiment on the effectiveness of Scytalidium sp. and Trichoderma spp. for eliminating established infections of Lentinus lepideus (Fr. ex Fr.) Fr. in creosoted Pinus sylvestris poles. Although extensively isolated at the beginning and end of the experiment, Trichoderma ...
P I Morris, D J Dickinson, B Calver
Evaluation of the effectiveness of Tuff Brite C in the control of sapstain in laboratory and field tests
1992 - IRG/WP 92-3718
Since 1990, the anti-sapstain product Tuff Brite C (ASC 66898) has been evaluated internationally in laboratory and field tests, and has been commercially introduced in New Zealand. The product is an aqueous flowable formulation of chlorothalonil and carbendazim. Efficacy tests which have been carried out in New Zealand, Australia, USA, South Africa and Europe are described and summarized. Tuff Br...
T L Woods, C J Klaver
Preliminary agar screening studies as the first stage in the development of a biological control system against basidiomycetes in ground contact situations
1995 - IRG/WP 95-10111
Preliminary screening of Trichoderma isolates as possible biocontrol agents for protection of wood in ground contact situations against basidiomycete decay was undertaken on three types of media. Media used were 3% malt extract agar (MEA); a low nutrient synthetic media with a carbon: nitrogen ratio typical of that found in softwoods (LNM); and a similar synthetic media where the amino acid profil...
E J B Tucker, A Bruce
Field evaluation of several bait toxicants for subterranean termite control: A preliminary report
1988 - IRG/WP 1376
Since 1983, field studies have been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of several bait toxicants in reducing subterranean termite populations at the Chipola Experimental Forest in Florida. Tests with fenoxycarb (Ro 13-5223), Ro 16-1295, and Avermectin B1 indicated that fenoxycarb showed the most promise. Large numbers of presoldiers and intercastes have continued to occur in plots treated wit...
S C Jones
Biological control of sapwood-inhabiting fungi by living bacterial cells of Streptomyces rimosus as a bioprotectant
1992 - IRG/WP 92-1564
The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of antifungal activity of living bacterial cells for the protection of wood against sapwood-inhabiting fungi. The following sapwood-inhabiting fungi were selected: sapstain --Ceratocystis coerulescens, Ceratocystis minor, Ceratocystis pilifera, and Aureobasidum pullulans; mold fungi --Aspergillus niger, Penicillium spp, and Trichoderma spp. L...
S C Croan, T L Highley
Lindane and permethrin tolerances of different strains of Lyctus brunneus Steph
1986 - IRG/WP 1278
The question about the reproducibility of test data from contact insecticide tests with Lyctus brunneus has been asked within the IRG. Three laboratories decided to interchange their insects and to carry out a comparative test according to the EMPA screening method. In order to get enough animals for the test the three strains had to be grown during three generations in each of the laboratories. D...
E Graf, B Lanz
Wood preservation in Japan
1982 - IRG/WP 3218
The report indicates the importance of wood preservation in Japan, which is the world's largest importer. The main hazards of timber are listed, fungi, insects and marine borers. Besides wood preservation fire protection treatments are also important in Japan. Classifications are given of the durability and treatability of the timbers used. In describing the wood preservation industry, th...
S Amemiya, R Cockcroft
Shorter-term biological control of wood decay in pre-seasoning pine roundwood as an alternative to chemical methods
1992 - IRG/WP 92-1555
Previous studies on the long-term control of decay in creosoted transmission poles, using Trichoderma and other antagonistic moulds, have met with limited success. However, it is possible biological control is more suited to control of decay on shorter time scales. An earlier study, focusing on pre-seasoning treatment of transmission poles showed that favourable porosity increases could be brought...
M W Schoeman, D J Dickinson
The use of fumigants for controlling decay of wood: a review of their efficacy and safety
1989 - IRG/WP 3525
Volatile agricultural chemicals (fumigants) such as chloropicrin (trichloronitromethane) and sodium n-methyldithiocarbamate have been used in the United States for controlling internal decay of large dimension wood products for over 20 years. This usage has been concentrated in the electric utility industry, but fumigants are increasingly applied to protect bridge timbers, marine piling, and even ...
J J Morrell
Mycoparasitism by some white rot fungi on blue stain fungi in culture
1986 - IRG/WP 1304
When studying biological control of blue stain an interesting phenomenon of parasitism by some white rot fungi on blue stain fungi has been encountered. The majority of the 22 tested white rot fungi act parasitically upon blue stain fungi. The most interesting species among them is Bjerkandera adusta (Willd. ex Fr.) Karst., causing almost complete or complete decoloration of the hyphae of the blue...
R Benko, B Henningsson
Antagonism of Gliocladium virens against wood decay fungi
1995 - IRG/WP 95-10102
Antagonistic abilities of a commercial biofungicide, Gliocladium virens (GL-21, Grace) were evaluated against three white-rot fungi, Trametes versicolor, Phlebia brevispora, Irpex lacteus, and three brown-rot fungi, Postia placenta, Neolentinus lepideus, Gloeophyllum trabeum. In dual culture of Gliocladium virens and wood decay fungi, Gliocladium virens rapidly overgrow the decay fungi and killed ...
T L Highley, L Ferge
Future Directions for Biological Control & BioActivity
2001 - IRG/WP 01-10416
Future directions for biological control of deleterious organisms on wood, and commercial market success, are dependent upon efficacy, cost and shelf life in comparison to other available means, and appropriate fulfilment of registration requirements. Basic and applied research involving ascomycete and/or basidiomycete fungi are described regarding solid wood applications of biocontrol of sapstain...
R L Farrell, J M Thwaites
The control and pretreatment decay in air seasoning Scots and Corsican pine poles in England
1990 - IRG/WP 1451
Previous work clearly showed that air-seasoned, British grown Scots and Corsican pine poles are subject to serious pretreatment decay. In order to control these infections a range of pretreatments are currently being investigated. One series of treatments is designed not only to control decay but also allow the development of mould and stain fungi in order to achieve the desired increases in poros...
D J Dickinson, A R Zahora, A P Dodson
What is OECD doing to promote harmonization of biocide regulations
1999 - IRG/WP 99-20182
OECD began work on biocides in 1997 to help Member countries co-operate in the assessment and registration of these products. The work is a part of OECD's Pesticide Programme, and is co-ordinated by the Biocides Steering Group. The goal is to harmonize regulatory approaches to allow countries to conduct evaluations of biocides more efficiently. More efficient evaluations can advance the p...
M Paneli, N Grandy
Effects of the sulfuric acid modification of CCA treating solution
1987 - IRG/WP 3415
Sulfuric acid modification of CCA treating solution is often used to control the formation of sludges and undesirable deposits on the surface of treated wood. The consequences of sulfuric acid addition are examined in this work and negative effects are shown to far outweigh any benefits. Major risks include the loss of copper due to leaching from treated wood and the accelerated corrosion of treat...
R F Fox, H J Fry, E A Pasek, A S Ross