Your search resulted in 638 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Effect of climate, species, preservative concentration and water repellent on leaching from CCA-treated lumber exposed above ground
2001 - IRG/WP 01-50178
Few studies have examined leaching of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) from treated wood in above ground exposures due to the assumption that leaching is less severe compared to wood in continuous contact with soil or water. However, a significant portion of CCA treated wood is used for above ground applications, exposing considerable volumes of the preservative to precipitation and potential leach...
J L Taylor, P A Cooper
Determination of N-cyclohexyl-diazeniumdioxide (HDO) containing compounds in treated wood using GC-MS
2000 - IRG/WP 00-20201
Beside the biological effectiveness the approval of a chemical wood preservative requires also techniques for the analytical determination of active ingredients in different matrices. Fulfilling of the last requirement is particularly difficult in the case of impregnated timber treated with wood preservatives containing organic compounds. This paper describes a procedure for the determination of t...
P Jüngel, J Wittenzellner, E Melcher
The use of preservative containing waste wood as substrate for growing greenhouse crops
1993 - IRG/WP 93-50011
In the Netherlands a large amount of waste wood and wood waste is produced every year. An important part of this amount comes from the pallet and packaging industries. One of the possibilities to re-use this relatively clean material is to convert it into substrates for growing crops in glass houses instead of the commonly used materials such as rock wool and glass wool. In this research, the infl...
W J Homan,H Militz
Using preservative treated timber in the built environment of the Sydney Olympic Games
1998 - IRG/WP 98-50101-01
Sydney was awarded the right to host the Games of the XXVII Olympiad by a vote of the members of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in Monte Carlo on 23 September 1993. Up to 10 200 athletes and approximately 5 100 technical officials from 200 countries are expected to participate in the Sydney 2000 Games. Approximately 15 000 media representatives from around the world are expected to come...
H Greaves, J Norton
Observations on preservative penetration in poplar
1991 - IRG/WP 3662
In the course of studies on the CCA treatment and durability of poplar timber a zone of refractory wood at the sapwood/heartwood boundary was observed. Further studies were conducted to investigate the causes of this refractory behaviour. The initial results have suggested that the presence of lipid storage products in the ray tissue may lead to impermeability, either by directly blocking pits or ...
R J Murphy, S U Din, M J Stone
Preservative treatment of Gollah cane (Daemonorops jenkinsiana) by soaking method
2001 - IRG/WP 01-40197
The feasibility of preservative treatment of gollah cane (Daemonorops jenkinsiana (Griff.) Mart.) by soaking method was tested in the present study. Cane samples of 1m, 2m and 3m long were soaked with 10% borax and boric acid solution. The study revealed that adequate dry salt retention (DSR) in the above samples could be obtained in 3 days, 4 days and 5 days of soaking, respectively. Within these...
M Younus-uzzaman, K Akhter, M H Chowdhury
Need to develop processing technologies (for value addition) of the species evaluated for their properties and uses
2005 - IRG/WP 05-40307
The demand of timber in India for different industrial as well as domestic applications is ever increasing mostly due to urbanization and industrialization. This demand can only be met either from the imported timber or from the plantation resources outside the reserved and natural forests. There are a number of timber species grown under plantation forestry have their heartwood refractory to any ...
S R Shukla, S K Sharma, Y M Dubey, P Kumar, R V Rao, K S Shashidhar
Performance of preservative-treated wood not in ground contact
1975 - IRG/WP 254
Experimental sash units of Pinus strobus L. and Pinus resinosa Ait. wood were removed from a test fence at Ottawa, Canada after outdoor exposure of over 20 years. The units were superficially treated, prior to painting, with preservatives containing either copper naphthenate, pentachlorophenol or a combination of zinc naphthenate and pentachlorophenol. Results indicated that all treatments were ef...
J K Shields, J Krzyzewski
Comparison of variable, constant and fluctuating pressure methods
2001 - IRG/WP 01-40212
The objective of this work was to evaluate potential improvements in pressure treatment arising from the use of a control valve. A constant pressure of 1035 kPa was compared to the conventional variable pressure method where the pressure is allowed to drop to 860 kPa as the solution is absorbed by the wood. A fluctuating pressure method (FPM) where the pressure cycles between 1000 and 1070 kPa was...
S M McFarling, P I Morris
Alternatives to preliminary oven-drying prior to spot-testing treated timber for borate or TBTN preservative penetration
1995 - IRG/WP 95-20067
Commonly-used penetration test procedures for timber treated with borate or organotin wood preservatives demand preliminary oven-drying before application of the spot-testing reagent(s), in order to achieve reliable results. The delay of 12 hours or more during oven drying is often a nuisance. Modifications to the spot-testing procedures, involving alternative solvents and acidification conditions...
M J Kennedy, A Zosars, J Norton
An investigation of the factors influencing the rate of deterioration of timber samples due to microfungi in laboratory tests
1997 - IRG/WP 97-20116
An investigation was performed into the comparative performances of test 1 (vermiculite burial) and test 2 (soil burial) as described in ENV 807. Two test preservatives were used - copper naphthenate and propiconazole. Copper chromate was included as a reference preservative. The wood species used was beech (Fagus sylvatica). Test 1 was performed using both a mixed inoculation of the five stipulat...
I J Herring, D J Dickinson, S M Gray, J K Carey
The remaining concentration of inorganic wood preservative components in EN 252 stakes after ground contact
2000 - IRG/WP 00-50159
In order to determine the biological efficiency and the remaining concentration of different inorganic and organic active ingredients during service, EN 252 specimens were impregnated with 3 copper based wood preservatives. The stakes were installed in the test field of the DESOWAG GmbH, Rheinberg, for at least 7 years. At the end of the field test some of these stakes were divided into 10 uniform...
E Melcher, H-W Wegen
Standardization of preservative treated timber species for conductor, insulator and transformer packing of REB
1996 - IRG/WP 96-40071
In order to resolve the post landing failure problem of wooden packing for conductor, insulator, transformer of REB, the names of the suitable timber species from different parts of the world, irrespective of countries of origin have been standardized along with their strength and treatability grades. The CCA treatability of some Pakistani timber species have been presented for example which was t...
A K Lahiry
A bioassay for appraising preservative protection of wood above ground
1978 - IRG/WP 2124
A bioassay, using the mold fungus Aspergillus niger, gave results that were correlated with amounts of pentachlorophenol and tributyltin oxide in pine sapwood treated with solutions ranging in strength from 0.016 or below to 5%. Limited bioassay estimates of penta in commercially treated millwork corresponded to estimates by lime ignition. The assay fungus exhibited somewhat greater tolerance of t...
T C Scheffer, L Gollob
Preservative treatment of common timbers and bamboos of Bangladesh for rural electrification infrastructure
1998 - IRG/WP 98-40104
Researches revealed new treatment grades, treatment groups, grading groups, natural durability grades, strength groups and a new preservative combination for remedial treatment and sterilization of most common timbers and bamboos of Bangladesh. The obtained findings are applicable for equivalent timber species having equivalent climatic condition. Sapwoods are always perishable and timbers with wh...
A K Lahiry
Preservative treatment of wood by diffusion processes - Simulation of commercial treatment processes
1988 - IRG/WP 3498
Spruce (Picea abies), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and birch (Betula pendula) were preservative treated by diffusion with mixtures of copper sulphate and arsenic pentoxide. The preservative was fixed after a suitable diffusion storage period by soaking in ammonia solution. A high standard of treatment could be achieved in spruce sapwood. This was attributed to its low wood density, and high wood ...
P Vinden
Performance of copper naphthenate-treated hardwoods
2001 - IRG/WP 01-30269
Copper naphthenate (CuNap) is a historically proven, commercially produced and industry utilized preservative for many wooden commodities including poles, fence posts, lumber, timber and wood shakes/shingles. Historically, most wood preservatives are tested using the sapwood of softwood species like pine (Pinus spp.) and or Douglas-fir (Pseudosuga menziesii) and even though the railroads of the wo...
H M Barnes, T L Amburgey, H M Freeman, J A Brient
Leaching of preservative components from pine decking treated with CCA and copper azole, and interactions of leachates with soils
2001 - IRG/WP 01-50171
Radiata pine decking was treated with CCA and copper azole preservatives to Australian H3 retention using conventional and modified Bethel schedules, and air-dried. Treated decking boards and durable hardwood controls were subjected to leaching in weather-exposed decks, and matching 19mm cubes were leached in extended AWPA E11-97 lab tests. Deck runoff and E11 leachate water was analysed after rai...
M J Kennedy, P A Collins
Introducing bamboos for their importance and conservation
2005 - IRG/WP 05-10546
Bamboo is a socio-economically, industrially and environmentally important forest and rural crop in Asia. It is an essential task for the people in this region to conserve the bamboos and preserve the bamboo products for their sustainable continuity. An earnest need for this task is to introduce a variety of important information on bamboos. In this research paper the botanical position, distribut...
A K Lahiry
Experiences with the OECD guideline proposals for the estimation of emissions from preservative-treated wood in the environment
2004 - IRG/WP 04-50209
The practicability of 2 CEN proposals for OECD guidelines on the estimation of emissions from preservative treated wood by laboratory methods for either wood held in storage after treatment and for wooden commodities that are not covered, and are not in contact with ground (guideline 1) or
wooden commodities that are not covered and are in contact with ground, fresh water or seawater (guideline 2...
U Schoknecht, R Wegner, E Melcher
Environmental fate of copper-based wood preservatives in different soil substrates - Part 1: Screening of the metal adsorption potential
1998 - IRG/WP 98-50101-21 a
In treatment plants, spillage of wood preservatives onto soil may be of environmental concern. This potential soil contamination served as an objective for a screening study. Three different mineral soils, a mineral substrate and two horticultural substrates are examined for their sorptive potential of copper through mixing with wood preservative solutions.
Depending on the soil/substrate charact...
G M F Van Eetvelde, J M Mwangi, F Tack, R Hartmann, M Stevens
Field Trials with mini-stakes
2002 - IRG/WP 02-20244
In 1995 an extensive field test program with wood mini-stakes, 8 x 20 x 200 mm, was started. In these trials a large number of parameters are being evaluated, including several new wood preservatives, differently chemically modified woods and natural durability of various wood species. The test sites are three fields in Sweden for in-ground and “close to ground” testing, one subterranean termi...
M Westin, A O Rapp, Y S Hadi, T Nilsson
Interactions between water-borne preservatives and emulsion additives that influence the water repellency of wood
1991 - IRG/WP 2374
Incorporation of non-polar additives into water-borne treatments through of emulsion technology can greatly improve the physical characteristics of wood in service. Of specific interest with these emulsions is their effectiveness in reducing the rate of wood swelling. We have observed that the presence or absence of preservatives can often significantly influence the resultant effectiveness of the...
A R Zahora
A bioassay to determine preservative retention in hardwoods and southern pines
1982 - IRG/WP 2183
In this paper the author discusses and suggests a new method of evaluating preservative retention in treated woods by means of bioassays. Twelve North American species were tested with different retention levels of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and copper/chrome/arsenic (CCA) preservatives. The results observed in this work show that among other fungi, Aspergillus niger responds to both preservatives, w...
J C Moreschi
World list of wood preservative names
1980 - IRG/WP 387
The list contains names that have been collected by the author over many years and includes besides traditional wood preservatives, exterior wood finishes and preservative stains, and some preservative coatings. Generally, however, primers and paints have been deliberately excluded. The list includes also products that have been claimed as wood preservatives, as well as a few fire-retardant coatin...
R Cockcroft