Your search resulted in 724 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Durability of Wood/Plastic Composites Made From Parthenium species
2002 - IRG/WP 02-40225
Previous study indicated that the natural chemical constituents of the guayule plant (Parthenium argentatum) improved some durability properties of wood when it was treated with resin extracted from guayule. At present, there are about a dozen species of Parthenium growing in the North American continent. P. argentatum is the only species with harvestable amounts of the rubber latex. Other specie...
P Chow, F S Nakayama , J A Youngquist, J H Muehl, A M Krzysik
Environmental situations on wood preservation industries in Japan
1995 - IRG/WP 95-50040-21
Because of environmental civil oppinions, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in Japan, reviesed "the standards for sawn lumber" in 1994. For the possibilities of the use of preservatives out of CCA, by the using of the hazard levels, new products like ACQ, DDAC and emulsified zinc-naphthenate can be used in the standards. Since 1994, the permitable limit of the arsenic in the waste wa...
K Suzuki
Comparison of thermally modified wood originating from four industrial scale processes – durability
2002 - IRG/WP 02-40229
This study examined the differences in biological wood properties of heat treated wood originating from four different European industrial heat treatment plants. The manufacturers of heat treated material were: PLATO Hout B.V./Netherlands, Thermo Wood/Finland, New Option Wood/France and Menz Holz/Germany where Oil-Heat treated Wood (OHT) is produced.
The results of miniblock tests with basidiomyc...
C R Welzbacher, A O Rapp
The effect of heat treatment on the properties of spruce
1994 - IRG/WP 94-40032
The effect of high temperature treatment (above 150°C) on the wood quality is studied at the VTT. Improved dimensional stability, lower equilibrium moisture content and increased durability against biodeterioration is achieved, depending on the environmental factors. The biodeterioration resistance of spruce is improved due to changes in chemical composition and lower equilibrium moisture content...
H Viitanen, S Jämsä, L Paajanen, A J Nurmi, P Viitaniemi
Genetic Engineering in tree breeding
1998 - IRG/WP 98-10294
The genetic improvement of forest trees by classical breeding is a slow process in comparison with that of annual crops. Tree breeding however is of great importance and has led to trees with better growth characteristics and better disease resistance. An important wood characteristic which has been neglected in breeding programs is wood durability. The durability of the wood will determine for wh...
J Van Doorsselaere, H Beeckman, M Van Montagu, W Boerjan
The natural history of teredinid molluscs and other marine wood borers in Papua New Guinea
1975 - IRG/WP 410
The teredinids, commonly known as teredos or shipworms, are bivalve molluscs adapted to boring into wood. They are most closely related to the Family Pholadidae, or piddocks, which bore into mud, stone and coral. The teredinids have a relatively small, hemi-spherically shaped shell, the elongated body extending beyond the posterior end of the shell valves. The soft body, protected by the wood and ...
S M Rayner
The durability of wood polymer composites against fungi and insects
2000 - IRG/WP 00-40161
New materials such as wood polymer composites are used more in France. These materials are obtained by mixing wood and thermoplastics in different ratios. These kind of material must be considered as new materials and some characteristics such as durability must be evaluated for outdoor applications. On the other hand, some recycled fibers from wood waste could be used as raw materials. Some woodp...
G Labat, I Le Bayon, J Gerard, F Amin
Wood durability in the light of recent trends and research on the durability of building materials and components
2000 - IRG/WP 00-20195
Building-related research of today demonstrates a clear shift in focus from the design and production phases to usage and to the entire life time. A consequence is that the performance criteria of materials, components and of the entire building must be regarded over the life time rather than at the time of production or delivery. As one example can be mentioned the Building Construction Directive...
K Ödeen
Information from the COIPM Wood Group
1988 - IRG/WP 4146
Abstract from the COIPM minutes: Wood in marine environment:
Mrs Gambetta stated that the main item discussed by the Group was the collaborative work to test the durability of heat shrinkable polyolephin sheating materials for the protection of wood against marine organisms. The work began last year when wood samples were sent out to the participants. Three samples of Pinus sylvestris wrapped in ...
A Gambetta
Nondestructive assessment of biodegradation in southern pine sapwood exposed to attack by natural populations of decay fungi and subterranean termites
1994 - IRG/WP 94-20042
Field methods for evaluating decay resistance of experimentally treated materials lack a means for quantitative measurement of residual strength. Quantitative relationships between speed of impact-induced waves travelling parallel to the grain and residual compressive strength have been demonstrated in softwood attacked by brown rot-decay fungi, but the effects of termites have not been documented...
R C De Groot, R J Ross, W Nelson
Survey of conditioning treatment practices in the Philippines
1975 - IRG/WP 349
The wood preservation industry in the Philippines is at present beset by many problems. An association of the industry similar to those existing in other countries has only been initiated last year by FORPRIDECOM. It is hoped that the formal organisation of this association will bring into focus the importance of this particular industry in the economic and industrial development of the country. L...
R F Casin
A new concept for the evaluation of wood durability for out of ground contact using accelerated L-joint testing
1997 - IRG/WP 97-20123
Since the wood preservation sector is developing in favour of defining exactly the utilization of wood products and preservation techniques as a function of the envisaged hazard class, more in particular the hazard classes 3 and 4 (EN 350) there is obviously a need for a test method evaluating natural durability for out of ground contact applications. Based on the L-joint test as described in the ...
J Van Acker, M Stevens
Increased biological durability differs for traditional wood preservation and new non-biocidal systems (NBS)
2000 - IRG/WP 00-20212
Wood preservation is a way to increase the biological durability of wood by the addition of chemical components with a biocidal effect. The effect of such treatment is clearly concentration dependent. At distinct levels of fungicide concentration fungi are killed or inhibited in their enzymatic functioning to provide nutrients. The toxic limits allow decision-makers to provide treating prescriptio...
J Van Acker, M Stevens
Blue stain in timber in service. Preliminary results of the IRG collaborative tests to compare natural and artificial weathering
1978 - IRG/WP 286
The collaborative programme was initiated at IRG Meetings in Wildhaus, 1976. The six collaborators were BAM (Berlin), Cuprinol Ltd (UK), EMPA (Switzerland), GORI (Denmark), PRL (UK) and Imperial College (UK). Experimental plans were finalised in December 1976 and panels treated by Cuprinol Ltd early in 1977. Natural weathering was carried out by BAM, Cuprinol, EMPA, GORI and PRL during April-Septe...
A F Bravery, D J Dickinson
Inorganic preservative levels in soil under treated wood decks after 8 years natural exposure in Borås, Sweden
2005 - IRG/WP 05-50233
Inorganic preservative components (Cu, Cr and As) were measured to a depth of 150 mm under deck structures made with Scots pine lumber treated with several different wood preservatives and installed in Borås Sweden 8 years ago. Higher contaminant levels were observed mainly under the drip lines and in the top 50 mm of soil. Under CCA treated decks, soil arsenic concentrations increased from ba...
P A Cooper, Y T Ung, M-L Edlund, J Jermer
Accelerated testing for out of ground contact using natural biological preconditioning
1996 - IRG/WP 96-20088
Small blocks made of Scots pine sapwood were treated, buried in vermiculite and exposed to natural microbial colonisation during outdoor exposure prior to laboratory decay testing. Periodic microbial isolations, moisture content, permeability and weight loss tests were also conducted. Bacteria and moulds colonised the vermiculite and miniblocks well. Aureobasidium pullulans was common on TnBTO tre...
S Molnar, D J Dickinson, R J Murphy
Tropical In-Ground Durability of Structural Sarawak Hardwoods Impregnated to High Retention with CCA-salts, CCA-oxide and FCAP after 20 Years Exposure
2005 - IRG/WP 05-30384
Statistical analysis (ANOVA) was conducted on durability (termite and decay combined) rating data collected over 20 years exposure period of over 140 species of Sarawak timbers with altogether 30,000 stake specimens, at the Forest Department’s Sibu “graveyard” stake test sites from 1977. About 20 replicated stakes were pressure-treated to refusal with 10% g/ml concentration of up to 3 CCA-sa...
Wang Choon Ling, A H H Wong
An anti-termite formulation for soil treatment with natural products and its efficacy against Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki
2003 - IRG/WP 03-30319
An anti-termite formulation of an environmental conservation type for soil treatment was developed. The formulation was composed of decanoic acid (n-capric acid, an fatty acid derived from coconut oil with ten carbons) as an active ingredient and other natural products. Experiments to examine the efficacy of the formulation against Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki were conducted at the termite field...
S Yoshida, T Nakagaki, A Igarashi, A Enoki
Specifying preservative-treated resistant timber: Conforming to European Standards
2001 - IRG/WP 01-20235
The most common construction timbers used in the UK are of low natural durability and, generally, resistant to preservative treatment. These include species of spruce, hemlock and fir. However, their characteristically limited and non-uniform uptake of preservatives may still confer sufficient protection to give satisfactory durability performance in terms of biological resistance. This paper desc...
E D Suttie, A F Bravery, T B Dearling
Ten year performance of l-joints made from borate diffusion treated wood
2000 - IRG/WP 00-30225
While there are decades of experience with borate-treated wood in coated, exterior applications in New Zealand and the UK, other countries have been more reluctant to use this process. As part of a research program on the potential use of borates by the Canadian wood products industry, Forintek set up, in 1990, an L-joint test of untreated and borate-diffusion treated hem-fir (western hemlock and ...
P I Morris
Evaluation of wood preservatives for Nordic wood preservation class AB
2002 - IRG/WP 02-30297
In the Nordic countries there are restrictions in the use of wood preservatives based on chromium and arsenic. For above ground use, class AB according to the Nordic system, only
copper based preservatives are allowed in Sweden. Thus several new preservatives, copper based or metal free are now used. They have been approved by the Nordic Wood Preservation Council after passing laboratory tests ag...
M-L Edlund, J Jermer
Termite durability of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) heartwood kiln-dried under high-temperature process in relation to wood extractives
2005 - IRG/WP 05-10547
Termite durability of sugi heartwood samples kiln-dried under a high-temperature process were evaluated by using Reticulitermes speratus (Kolbe) as a test termite sp. The n-hexane extractives of these samples were analysed by a GC technique. The less termite durability was shown on the wood samples dried under the high-temperature process, in comparison with that of the air-dried samples. No GC-p...
S Shibutani, E Obataya, K Hanata, S Doi
Deltamethrin effectiveness against subterranean termite attack on wood under natural conditions
1989 - IRG/WP 1407
On fighting subterranean termites on wood, out of ground contact, the synthetic pyrethroid Deltamethrin shows positive aspects such as its efficiency and low mammalian toxicity. To evaluate its performance in conditions very similar to those in service use, specimens of Pinus sp were treated with solutions of Deltamethrin diluted in "white spirits" at 0.005% (w/w) and 0.01% (w/w) and exposed in a ...
P A Zanotto
Long-term preservation technology for a large-scale timber structure building in Japan
2001 - IRG/WP 01-40203
Several 1.000-year-old Buddhist temples and shrines built of wood are surviving in Nara, some areas of which are inscribed on the World Heritage List. These old buildings are indicative of excellent timber construction technology having existed in ancient Japan, though it is thought that such technology has not been handed down. This paper introduces one of large-scale wood buildings built in rece...
Y Iimura
Surface checking of CCA-treated radiata pine decking timber exposed to natural weathering
2000 - IRG/WP 00-40165
A field trial was established at four locations in Australia to assess the effect of CCA and CCA-wax treatment on the checking (cracking) of radiata pine decking timber exposed to natural weathering. Untreated decking timber and timber that had been pressure treated with water acted as controls. After 1 year's exposure the number and sizes of checks occurring in treated timber and control...
P D Evans, P J Beutel, C F Donnelly, R B Cunningham