Your search resulted in 215 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
A simple field apparatus for measuring relative gaff penetration and assessing the effect of additives for improving pole climbability
2000 - IRG/WP 00-20187
A simple apparatus for measuring and comparing the relative "hardness" of utility poles is described. This "slide-hammer" gaff penetration apparatus was designed as a field testing unit to measure the depth of gaff penetration into test poles after application of a uniform and reproducible force to the gaff. The apparatus is simple to use in both the laboratory and field. Data is provided for resu...
A R Zahora
Creosote for wood preservation. (Reissued from earlier OECD draft)
1970 - IRG/WP III 1A
The literature on this subject is extensive and, to some extent, repetitive so that for pratical reference purposes it is essential that selective surveys and bibliographies be prepared. Many of these exist and, as an example, the reports issued by The Coal Tar Research Association (Numbers 0156, 0292 and 0396) may be quoted. The following bibliography, listing the more important sources of inform...
Anonymous
Penetration of oil-borne preservatives in American elm
1975 - IRG/WP 355
Pressure treatment of elm posts and cants by Rueping schedules resulted in erratic penetration. Instead of the expected gradual decrease in retention from surface inward in posts, inner zones frequently contained more preservative than the surface quarter inch. Heartwood was found penetrated when sapwood was not. There were numerous skips in treated zones. The prevalence and possible causes were i...
E A Behr
Conforming to European standards on preservative treatment
1998 - IRG/WP 98-20150
New European standards require that specifications for the preservative treatment of timber are written in terms of the penetration and retention of preservative within the treated commodity that result from the treatment process. In order to check compliance with this type of specification, suitable methods of quantitative analysis must be available. This paper presents the results of a study by ...
E D Suttie, R J Orsler
Preservative treatment of round bamboos by a new technique - Some further studies. Part 1
1990 - IRG/WP 3607
In general, the easy susceptibility of bamboos to wood destroying agencies is a major constraint in its rational utilisation. This is more so in tropical countries like India where wood destroying agencies are quite active. In an earlier publication, it was reported that round bamboo specimens of Bambusa balcooa, having three nodes, could be satisfactorily treated by CCA by a new technique develop...
V R Sonti, B Chatterjee
Diffusion treatment of gauged radiata pine timber using "Boracol 20"
1987 - IRG/WP 3437
Green gauged 100 x 50 mm radiata pine timber was preservative treated by brush application of "Boracol 20" followed by diffusion storage. Preservative retention analyses indicated that retention requirements in the core could be achieved within a six week diffusion period, thus representing a time saving of 25% over conventional boron treatment of rough-sawn radiata pine. Similar treatment of kiln...
D R Page, P Vinden, S Retter
New research data confirming the suitability of bifenthrin as a wood preservative
1996 - IRG/WP 96-30116
Bifenthrin has been further tested against wood destroying insects, and its behaviour in wood has been extensively studied. Bifenthrin proved to be highly effective as a curative and preventative treatment against Anobium punctatum and Hylotrupes bajulus, after both leaching and evaporative ageing. Results of penetration tests with water and solvent based formulations, applied by brushing, dipping...
S Shires, P Héloir, B Chen, G Rustenburg
Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Polyethylene Glycol Penetration into Wood Cell Walls
2006 - IRG/WP 06-20328
Penetration of high molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) into wood cell walls was investigated in red pine. PEG of different molecular weights (1000, 8000 and 20000) was labelled by bromination and treated samples were analyzed on Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) in dynamic mode. Both negative and positive spectra of the samples were collected in high spatial (bunche...
D Jeremic, P Cooper, P Brodersen
Ionic liquids with organic and inorganic anions as highly active wood preservatives
2006 - IRG/WP 06-30411
Quaternary ammonium tetrafluoroborates, nitrates(V), propionates, acetates and formates with alkoxymethyl substituents were prepared and tested on wood destroying and sapstaining fungi. These new compounds are ionic liquids (ILs), which penetrate very well into Scot pine wood. Alkoxymethyldecyldimethylammonium tetrafluoroborates and nitrates(V) show better microbial activity against Coniophor...
J Zabielska-Matejuk, A Skrzypczak
Comparative study between dipping and boucherie method of bamboo preservation
2006 - IRG/WP 06-40324
A comparative study has been carried out between dipping and boucherie method for three major bamboo species namely borak (Bambusa balcooa Roxb.), talla (Bambusa tulda Roxb.) and jawa (Bambusa salarkhanii Alam) with CCB (Chromated-copper-boron). Preservative treatment has been carried out with five different concentrations of preservative (2%, 3%, 4%, 5% and 6%) and four different durations of dip...
A S M A Huda, S M Mithue, M N Islam, M O Hannan
Underwater shock treatment for improvement of penetration of wood
2006 - IRG/WP 06-40325
Many of conifers including Beimatsu (Pseudotsuga menziesii Franco; Dougras fir, Oregon pine), Akamatsu (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.; Japanese red pine), Dafurica Karamatsu (Larix gmelinii Gordon; Dahurica larch) and Karamatsu (Larix leptolepis GORDON; Japanese larch) generally contains the high moisture content. Although subjected to the drying process, it is difficult to be dried up completel...
S Itoh, H Maehara, K Tanaka, T Echigo, K Morioka, E Shirai, K Nishimoto
Assessment of the ease of preservative treatment in the less-valuable Nigerian-grown Ceiba pentandra wood
2006 - IRG/WP 06-40330
The hardwood Ceiba pentandra locally known as “araba“ in Nigeria is rarely used for structural and construction works due to its high dimensional instability, low strength and durability values. Samples (25 x 50 x 600mm) were removed from four green boards (25 x 200 x 3000mm) of this species originating from a natural forest stand in Nigeria. The sapwood and heartwood were differentiated by me...
L Awoyemi, A J Pitman
Comparative studies on penetration and retention of CCA (C) and creosote in wood from APHID-killed and sound Kenyan-grown Mexican cypress (Cupressus lusitanica)
2006 - IRG/WP 06-40352
Properties of wood from Kenyan-grown Mexican cypress (Cupressus lusitanica), attacked and killed by the cypress aphid (Cinara cupressi), in terms of density and treatability, were investigated in comparison to the properties of wood from sound trees. Density in small wood samples from aphid-killed trees was found lower than density in samples from sound trees, and reduced with tree age in samples...
R Venkatasamy, F M Opar
Determination of the lethal dose of fipronil for workers of Coptotermes formosanus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae
2007 - IRG/WP 07-10616
This document is a combination of two articles previously submitted to the journal, Sociobiology.
Lethal dose of fipronil was determined in two experiments: topical application and contact with treated sandy loam. In the topical application the toxicity of fipronil was evaluated against workers of a laboratory colony of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. Fipronil was applied by the microsyringe to t...
K Tsunoda, R Yamaoka
Wood furfurylation process development. Part 2: Lowry impregnation trials
2007 - IRG/WP 07-40377
The objective was to evaluate whether Lowry-impregnation of Scots pine with FA100-mix, instead of the FA40-mix, would lead to similar or slightly higher WPGs and to investigate any potential changes in penetration pattern. The results indicate that the penetration was better, also penetrating the outer zone of the heartwood. Furthermore, it was possible to reduce the WPG-levels for pine down to 50...
M Westin, E Larnøy, S Lande
Preservative treatment of Golla cane (Daemonorops jenkinsiana) by pressure process
2007 - IRG/WP 07-40379
The feasibility of preservative treatment of golla cane (Daemonorops jenkinsiana (Griff) Mart). by pressure process has been studied using water borne preservatives CCB (copper-chrome-boron). Cane samples of three different lengths 1m, 2m and 3 m. were treated at different pressure and time period to evaluate the extent of penetration and retention of preservative chemicals. It was observed that t...
K Akhter, M Hoque Chowdhury
Influence of Grain Direction on Penetration, Retention, and Leaching of CCA(C) in Sapwood and Heartwood of Kenyan-Grown Eucalyptus saligna and Acacia mearnsii
2007 - IRG/WP 07-40383
Penetration, retention, and leaching of CCA (C) in relation to grain orientation were tested in small (50mm x 50mm x 200mm) sapwood and heartwood samples of Eucalyptus saligna and Acacia mearnsii. In both sapwood and heartwood of the two species, the results showed a consistent pattern: Transverse > Radial > Tangential. Whereas penetration, retention, and leaching were significantly high i...
R Venkatasamy
Influence of Grain Direction on Penetration, Retention, and Leaching of CCA(C) in Sapwood and Heartwood of Kenyan-Grown Cupressus lusitanica and Pinus patula
2007 - IRG/WP 07-40384
The influence of grain orientation on penetration, retention, and leaching of CCA (C) was tested on small samples of sapwood and heartwood of Cupressus lusitanica and Pinus patula. Samples measuring 50mm x 50mm, and 200mm in the longitudinal axis were sealed to expose only transverse, or radial, or tangential faces, pressure treated with 6% CCA (C), and penetration, retention and leaching of the ...
R Venkatasamy
The influence of different creosote process parameters on penetration, retention and bleeding on glulam
2007 - IRG/WP 07-40368
Different process parameters were used to treat Scots Pine glulam beams with creosote. Parameters like pre-heating, pre-pressure time, pressure and pressure time were changed. Most treatments gave a full or almost full penetration of creosote into the sapwood, but the uptake of creosote in the sapwood varies.
All samples, except the one with poor penetration, showed heavily bleeding of creosote ...
F G Evans
Amine Oxides for Use in Wood Protection: III. Penetration Aids for Wood
2008 - IRG/WP 08-30461
This paper highlights the advantages of using amine oxides as penetration aids for quaternary ammonium compounds (quats) and azoles in the area of wood protection. It was found that the use of amine oxide effectively enhanced the penetration and distribution of quats and azoles. For both southern yellow pine (SYP) and Douglas fir wood samples, the addition of cocodimethylamine oxide (Barlox® 12) ...
Xiao Jiang
Penetration Depth of Borates in Historic Wooden Structures in Virginia City Montana
2008 - IRG/WP 08-30475
Virginia City, Montana contains some of the best preserved examples of gold boom construction in the United States. Unfortunately, even the dry climate and fortuitous lack of fire have not prevented decay from claiming parts of the historic fabric. This project aims to determine if borates should be integrated into the preservation plan of the Montana Heritage Commission. Solutions of disodium ...
A A Turner
Preservative treatment of strips of Bambusa balcooa by soaking process using Borax-Boric acid
2008 - IRG/WP 08-30478
Bamboo strips made from Borak bamboo (Bambusa balcooa) were treated with 10% borax-boric acid aqueous solution by soaking process. The moisture contents of the bamboo strips were 12%, 20% and 30%. The strips were soaked for one, two, three, four and five days. The penetration of the
solution was investigated by colour test after soaking and drying. Full penetration was observed after three days ...
K Akhter, M W Sheikh, M M Rahman, T A Chowdhury, M H Chowdhury
Effects of Moisture Content and Species on Penetration of Liquid in Laser Incised Lumber by the Passive Impregnation Method
2008 - IRG/WP 08-40408
Penetration of liquid by passive impregnation method for Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Franco), sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) and Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis Gordon) were studied. Effects of initial moisture content of sugi (16, 43 and 70% moisture content) on liquid penetration by the method were also studied. Dried Douglas-fir and sugi, and green Japanese larch and sugi were treat...
N Hattori, M Nazrul Islam, K Ando, H Yamauchi
Effects of planning and sanding on penetration and retention properties of some softwood species treated with copper azole
2008 - IRG/WP 08-40410
This work investigates the effect of some woodworking treatments on penetration and retention properties of four different (scotch pine—SP, Siberian scotch pine—SSP, Siberian larch—SL, and oriental spruce—OS) heartwood species with the waterborne preservative copper azole (CBA-A). A 2.4% active ingredient solution of CBA-A was applied for use in vacuum/pressure treatment of the heartwood s...
Ü C Yildiz, S Yildiz
Performance of dip and pressure treated wood in termite ground proximity exposures in Hilo, HI, and Colombia
2008 - IRG/WP 08-30491
A number of preservative systems were evaluated for their ability to control termite attack when applied as both dip and pressure treatments. With dip treatments, better performance was observed with southern pine than spruce-pine-fir using the same solution strength treatment, probably as a result of the about 50% greater uptake with southern pine and associated deeper preservative penetration. B...
P Walcheski, A Zahora