Your search resulted in 1053 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Electrodialytic remediation of a soil from a wood preservation industry polluted by CCA
1998 - IRG/WP 98-50101-14
Soil contamination is often found at wood preservation sites due to spills, dripping of excess preservatives and deposition of sludge associated with dissolved salts of copper, chromium and arsenic (CCA). The electrodialytic process is a promising heavy metal soil remediation technique. It is based on a combination of the electrokinetic movement of ions in soil with the principle of electrodialysi...
A B Ribeiro, A Villumsen, G Bech-Nielsen, A Réfega, J Vieira e Silva
The effects of pH on leaching of copper-chrome-arsenate (CCA) from pressure-treated Kenyan-grown Eucalyptus saligna and Acacia mearnsii: Initial findings.
2002 - IRG/WP 02-30298
The effects of pH on leaching of CCA from pressure-treated Kenyan-grown Eucalyptus saligna and Acacia mearnsii were tested under laboratory conditions. Small samples of the two species (100mm x 30mm x 40mm) were smooth sawn from 8-year old trees to represent equal amounts of both sapwood and heartwood, air-dried to 12% moisture content, end-sealed, and pressure-treated at a commercial treatment p...
R Venkatasamy
Potential use of an emulsified tar oil fraction as a wood preservative: Preliminary technological and environmental assessment
1994 - IRG/WP 94-50028
In order to meet the recent environmental concern specifications of creosote are altered, the B[a]P content is limited and restrictions on the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and higher polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are expected in some countries. Research has been conducted on an emulsion of a selected tar oil fraction. Using a waterborne formulation opens new perspectives for targ...
G M F Van Eetvelde, R Leegwater, M Stevens
Changes of copper and chromium content after leaching in wood impregnated with the CCB and CB preservatives
2000 - IRG/WP 00-50147
The objective of the study was impregnated with CCB and CB preservatives pine wood of moisture content varying from 12% to 55% subjected to leaching. Losses of copper and chromium were determined for individual layers of wood up to 3 cm from the girth. The results were compared to the total amount of metals determined in water extracts. The degree of leaching of metal ions from wood of 55% moistur...
B Mazela
Long-Term Release of Arsenic, Chromium, and Copper from CCA-Treated Wood and Ash
2005 - IRG/WP 05-50227
In this study, laboratory long-term leaching studies were conducted to characterize the leaching behavior of arsenic, chromium, and copper from CCA-treated wood samples (block, chip, and sawdust) and CCA-wood ash and to determine the rate of release of the metals from the CCA wood products. The leaching solutions were periodically collected and analyzed for the concentrations of arsenic, chromium,...
Hyunmyung Yoon, Heeseok Kang, Yong-Chul Jang
Redistribution of boric acid in radiata pine during drying after preservative treatment
1993 - IRG/WP 93-40010
Samples of 100 x 50 mm² radiata pine were processed with a variety of options to produce dry, boron-treated wood. Concentrations of boric acid in the central one-ninth and in the whole of the wood cross-sections were determined by chemical analysis and compared. Diffusion treated material was dried by air, conventional kiln (70/60°C), or high temperature kiln (120/70°C). Four different predryin...
A J Bergervoet, D R Page, J A Drysdale
A determination of the toxic level of ACQ2100 wood preservative for the powder post borer Lyctus brunneus (Stephens)
1994 - IRG/WP 94-20029
The sapwood of two Lyctus susceptible Australian hardwoods, messmate (Eucalyptus obliqua L'Herit.) and black bean (Castanospermum australe A. Cunn. et Fraser ex Hook) were pressure impregnated with ACQ2100, a wood preservative, to produce replicates of a range of retentions. Preservative retentions were determined by solution weight uptake at treatment and chemical analyses of selected sa...
A R Moffat
Analysis of the boron content of preservative treated oak and pitch pine heartwood before and after leaching
1992 - IRG/WP 92-3697
Studies to determine the effects, if any, of a variety of boron formulations on heartwood of English oak and American Pitch pine have been previously reported (King et al (1991)). Small wood blocks were treated, at 10°C or 45°C, with borax, polybor or Boracol 20 for periods of 1 month or 4 months then analysed or continuously leached with tap water for a period of 1 month. Reported results showe...
S McCutcheon, G M Smith, J W Palfreyman, B King
Fixation of chromated wood preservatives through technical drying
1990 - IRG/WP 3623
Twin samples of sawn timber of Pinus sylvestris and Picea sp. were treated with copper-chromate-containing wood preservatives and subsequently kiln resp. air dried. After drying, the distribution of preservative and rate of fixation were determined. Drying of freshly treated wood in a condenser type kiln at temperatures of 60°C and 80°C and in a vacuum type kiln at 55°C with a pressure of about...
R-D Peek, H Klipp
Experimental variations in the distribution of CCA preservative in lignin and holocellulose as a function of treating conditions (temperature, concentration, pH, species, and time)
1984 - IRG/WP 3277
The exact distributions between lignin and holocellulose and retentions on wood of copper, chromium and arsenic as a function of various sets of conditions in a 3x3x4x2 factorial experiment in which combinations of three temperatures of treatment, three CCA solution concentrations, four pH's of the initial CCA solution and two timber species, namely Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus grandis, a...
A Pizzi, E Orovan, M Singmin, A Jansen, M C Vogel
Conforming to European standards on preservative treatment
1998 - IRG/WP 98-20150
New European standards require that specifications for the preservative treatment of timber are written in terms of the penetration and retention of preservative within the treated commodity that result from the treatment process. In order to check compliance with this type of specification, suitable methods of quantitative analysis must be available. This paper presents the results of a study by ...
E D Suttie, R J Orsler
Upgrading the fungal resistance of OSB
1999 - IRG/WP 99-40138
There is a perception that oriented strand board (OSB) is less resistant to fungl than plywood under conditions of moderate exposure to moisture. Douglas fir-faced plywood (DFP) has been suggested as a benchmark for acceptable durability under such conditions. This project was initiated to determine the minimum level of low-toxicity chemical treatment needed to upgrade the fungal resistance of OSB...
P I Morris, J E Clark, D Minchin, R Wellwood
Influence of fungal exposure on the redistribution of copper in treated spruce wood
2002 - IRG/WP 02-10450
The redistribution of copper in treated wood after exposure to basidiomycete decay fungi is described. The micro-distribution of copper in copper(II) sulphate or copper(II) octanoate/ethanolamine treated Norway spruce wood before and after exposure to 3 different wood decay fungi was studied using transmission electron microscopy with X-ray microanalysis. The copper content of the mycelium and the...
M Humar, F Pohleven, R J Murphy, D J Dickinson, I Moris, M Zupancic, P Kalan, M Petric
Effects of the sulfuric acid modification of CCA treating solution
1987 - IRG/WP 3415
Sulfuric acid modification of CCA treating solution is often used to control the formation of sludges and undesirable deposits on the surface of treated wood. The consequences of sulfuric acid addition are examined in this work and negative effects are shown to far outweigh any benefits. Major risks include the loss of copper due to leaching from treated wood and the accelerated corrosion of treat...
R F Fox, H J Fry, E A Pasek, A S Ross
Soft rot in heartwood of preservative-treated pole stubs of Eucalyptus cypellocarpa L. Johnson
1983 - IRG/WP 1204
Pole stubs of Eucalyptus cypellocarpa L. Johnson, treated in the sapwood with certain waterborne preservatives and exposed for 21 to 23 years in a dry tropical region were severely soft-rotted in the heartwood, as well as the sapwood. They broke with a brash fracture when stress tested (loaded as a cantilever) in the field. The severe soft rot in the heartwood was not detected by the knife test or...
J E Barnacle, G C Johnson, M A Tighe
The effect of stack height on the performance of preservatives used for the prevention of sapstain on seasoning wood
1997 - IRG/WP 97-10192
The performance of three anti-sapstain preservatives was investigated under field conditions in south east England. The preservatives under test were: copper-8-quinolinolate (Mitrol PQ8) trimethylalkylammoniumchloride and sodium hexanoate (Sinesto B) and chlorothalonil (Tuff Brite). The preservatives were tested on Corsican Pine grown in south east England. The field trial was set up to investigat...
J R Williams, D J Dickinson, J F Webber
Interactions between soft rot fungi and CCA preservatives in Betula verrucosa
1988 - IRG/WP 1367
Ultrastructural investigations were carried out to obtain information on the cell wall distribution of CCA elements during soft rot decay of 4% K33 CCA preservative treated birch (Betula verrucosa) wood. TEM observations on fibres at various stages of S2 cavity formation by mutabilis showed a distinct pattern of electron dense materials to occur within the S2 cell wall region. These materials (gra...
G F Daniel, T Nilsson
Preservative treatment of round bamboos by a new technique - Some further studies. Part 1
1990 - IRG/WP 3607
In general, the easy susceptibility of bamboos to wood destroying agencies is a major constraint in its rational utilisation. This is more so in tropical countries like India where wood destroying agencies are quite active. In an earlier publication, it was reported that round bamboo specimens of Bambusa balcooa, having three nodes, could be satisfactorily treated by CCA by a new technique develop...
V R Sonti, B Chatterjee
Environmental Impacts of CCA-Treated Wood: A Summary from Seven Years of Study Focusing on the U.S. Florida Environment
2003 - IRG/WP 03-50205
Wood treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) was identified in 1995 as the cause of elevated arsenic concentrations within wood fuel used for cogeneration within Florida. Since this time a research team from the University of Miami and University of Florida has evaluated the environmental impacts of CCA-treated wood within the State. Research has focused on two distinct areas: in-service l...
H M Solo-Gabriele, T G Townsend, J D Schert
Bioefficacy of Cunapsol® treated western cedar and southern yellow pine
1996 - IRG/WP 96-30120
Western red cedar and southern yellow pine sapwood were dip treated with a new formulation of waterborne copper naphthenate (Cunapsol®) which complies with VOC regulations. Cunapsol dip treated samples were oven dried at 50°C for 48 hours and then water leached for two weeks. Decay resistance and leachability of preservatives from dip treated specimens were evaluated according to AWPA (American ...
D P Kamdem, M H Freeman, T L Woods
Fungal degradation of wood treated with metal-based preservatives. Part 1: Fungal tolerance
1996 - IRG/WP 96-10163
In recent years, concerns have arisen about the leaching of heavy metals from wood treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA), particularly because of the large amount of CCA treated wood that will be discarded in the coming years. The long term objectives of this work are to determine the fate of copper, chromium and arsenic with the aging and potential decay of CCA-treated wood, and to develop...
B Illman, T L Highley
Survey of North American practice in conditioning forest products before preservative treatment
1972 - IRG/WP 308
Seasoning requirements for the wide range of forest products which are treated with preservatives and fire retardants must be capable of dealing with a very complex set of conditions which are summarized under a number of variables including type and hazard of end use, the most effective distribution of preservative, a wide range of cross sectional dimensions, the possibility of seasoning by a ran...
J Rak, T S McKnight
Use of the enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) and immunocytochemistry to detect soft rot in preservative treated and untreated wood
1990 - IRG/WP 2347
A polyclonal antibody was raised against mycelial extracts from the soft rot fungus Phialophora mutabilis. In ELISA assays, the antibody showed strong reactions with its own antigen and strong to moderate cross reactions with 6 other Phialophora soft rot species. With the exception of Ceratocystis albida, the antibody gave only weak or negative reactions with 11 other mold, blue stain and rot fung...
G F Daniel, T Nilsson
Effects of hard water, sea water and humic acid on the release of CCA components from treated wood
2005 - IRG/WP 05-50228
Leaching medium is an important factor affecting release of preservative components from treated wood because physical and chemical characteristics of medium increase or decrease the solubility of fixed preservative components. This study evaluated the leaching properties of copper, chromium and arsenic elements from chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood specimens subjected to laboratory le...
S N Kartal, W J Hwang, Y Imamura
Acoustic technique for assessing decay in preservative treated wood
1998 - IRG/WP 98-20138
This study investigated the suitability of vibration techniques to assess the performance of wood preservatives in ground contact. Small stakes (10 x 5 x 100 mm3) of treated and untreated Scots pine sapwood were exposed to decay in lab-scale terrestrial ecosystems. Tests were conducted using three different soils including a garden compost soil, and soils obtained from a test field and a conifer f...
L Machek, M-L Edlund, R Sierra-Alvarez, H Millitz