Your search resulted in 1053 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Objectives of future collaborative soft rot tests
1972 - IRG/WP 209
Progress has been made towards acceptance of a defined laboratory test method for determining the toxicity of preservatives against soft rot fungi (Documents IRG/WP/201 and IRG/WP/208) and, at the 1971 meeting in Brussels, the framework of collaboration for the next phase of testing was discussed. Time available at Brussels did not permit restatement of objectives, consideration of the stages by w...
J G Savory
FTIR characterization of copper ethanolamine - wood interaction
1999 - IRG/WP 99-20154
The interaction of copper ethanolamine (Cu-EA) and wood components was studied by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In Cu-EA treated wood, significant reduction was noticed on the band attributed to carbonyl vibration from carboxylic groups at 1735±5 cm-1 and an increase in band intensity was obtained from carbonyl in carboxylate at 1595±5 cm-1. The same observation was made ...
Jun Zhang, D P Kamdem
Exposure of preservative treated wood to terrestrial microcosms, pure cultures of fungi and in the field
1997 - IRG/WP 97-20114
Small stakes (5x10x100 mm3) of treated and untreated Pinus sylvestris sapwood were exposed in terrestrial microcosms with different soils, two taken from test fields in Sweden, one soil from a conifer forest and one garden compost soil. Stakes of the same size were also exposed to pure cultures of the brown and white rot fungi, Postia placenta and Phanerochaete chrysosporium. After exposure, weigh...
M-L Edlund
Changes of EPR spectra of wood, impregnated with copper based preservatives, during exposure to Antrodia vaillantii
2000 - IRG/WP 00-10355
Spruce wood (Picea abies) samples were impregnated with two different aqueous solutions: copper(II) octanoate with ethanolamine or copper(II) sulfate (cCu = 1,0 x 10-2 mol/l). Impregnated and unimpregnated test pieces were exposed to wood rotting fungus Antrodia vaillantii. Some strains of this fungus are known as copper tolerant. After four weeks of exposure to A. vaillantii, we could not detect ...
M Humar, M Petric, F Pohleven, M Šentjurc
Benzalkonium chloride (an AAC preservative): Criteria for approval, performance in service, and implications for the future
1985 - IRG/WP 3328
The data base generated for benzalkonium chloride was considered adequate for commercial approvals, particularly after revision in late 1982. Field trials, although not part of the approval criteria, generally supported commercial use; decay observed in one test (post and rails) after 6 years' exposure would have resulted in some caution in setting retentions. No laboratory trial, nor fie...
J A Butcher
Influence of water-borne preservatives on water repellency and the impact of addition of water repellent additives
1992 - IRG/WP 92-3704
The primary goal of a desirable wood preservative system is to effectively control decay fungi and other biodeteriogens in service. The water repellent nature of a given system may play an important role in the protection of wood. In this study, the water repellency of several water-borne preservative systems has been evaluated by measurements of tangential swelling during immersion. The systems i...
L Jin, D M Roberts, A F Preston
Surface checking of CCA-treated radiata pine decking timber exposed to natural weathering
2000 - IRG/WP 00-40165
A field trial was established at four locations in Australia to assess the effect of CCA and CCA-wax treatment on the checking (cracking) of radiata pine decking timber exposed to natural weathering. Untreated decking timber and timber that had been pressure treated with water acted as controls. After 1 year's exposure the number and sizes of checks occurring in treated timber and control...
P D Evans, P J Beutel, C F Donnelly, R B Cunningham
Potential toxicants for controlling soft rot in preservative treated hardwoods. Part 2: Laboratory screening tests using sawdust
1977 - IRG/WP 2101
A technique is described for the rapid screening of toxicants against microorganisms, represented by the brown rot, Gloeophyllum trabeum, and a natural inoculum from soft rotted wood. Sawdust, in this case from sapwood of Eucalyptus maculata, is pretreated with the candidate formulation and moistened before inoculation. Visual scoring of growth can be used to discriminate suitable candidates as ea...
J D Thornton
The development of a new boron-based wood preservative
1995 - IRG/WP 95-30085
The paper describes a new boron based wood preservative for the treatment of green timber. The product offers many benefits over conventional boron diffusion treatment including: 1. high viscosity, high concentration formulation; 2. permits dip treatment of a wide range of sawn board and pole sizes at ambient temperatures; 3. permits full cross section diffusion of borates without block stacking a...
P Turner, D Conradie
Gaseous preservative treatment of wood
1990 - IRG/WP 3631
A recent development in processing wood with a gaseous preservative means that dry, treated wood can be produced in under 30 hours with the benefits of product diversification, faster stock turnover and the ability to respond to short term demand. About 400,000 m³ of wood are treated each year in New Zealand with boron salts to protect from borer infestation. Traditionally this treatment is effec...
R Burton, A J Bergervoet, K Nasheri, P Vinden, D R Page
A new factory applied preservative treatment for joinery
2002 - IRG/WP 02-40246
Conventional pre-treatment processes involve the principle of applying preservatives to the external surfaces of wood to achieve the necessary penetration and retention of the chemicals although the heartwood remains difficult to treat.
The present development involves the production of internal reservoirs within new joinery components, which are subsequently filled with a specially developed g...
I M Robertson, W Beauford
Environmental characterisation of retification process by-products (liquid and gaseous wastes)
2005 - IRG/WP 05-50224-10
In order to reduce environmental risks during the service life of the treated wood and to find new alternative developments on the durability of wood, some research and technology development have been made on thermal treatment. The retification process is one of these processes. The retification process induces chemical modification of the lignin and cellulosic components and modifies the intrins...
G Labat, E Bucket, S Legay, C Yriex, P Marchal, E Raphalen, M Vernois, R Guyonnet, H Besset, E Fredon), G Vilarem, L Rigal, C Raynaud
A technique for measuring preservative loss or redistribution during leaching
1983 - IRG/WP 2199
Radiata pine sapwood stakes were treated with benzalkonium chloride (AAC) or copper-chrome-arsenate (CCA). After fixation and drying the outer 2 mm and 2-4 mm layers were removed from one radial longitudinal face. The planed face was coated with a waterproof coating and AAC-treated stakes were leached for 6, 12 or 18 weeks; 12 weeks for the CCA-treated stakes. After airdrying three 2 mm layers (0-...
J A Drysdale
Chemically modified tannin and tannin-copper complexes as preservatives for wood
2001 - IRG/WP 01-30271
The efficacy of Mimosa tannin, chemically modified tannin, and tannin-copper complexes as wood preservatives was studied. When the tannin-ammonia-CuCl2 solutions were impregnated into wood specimens in a one-step procedure, a large quantity of the tannin-copper complex was fixed in the specimens. Little of the complex was leached from specimens by a weathering treatment, and these specimens showed...
H Yamaguchi
The movement of iron into field test stakes
1987 - IRG/WP 2284
Failed and sacrificial stakes recovered from the Westham Island field test site were examined for their iron content. Varying amounts were recorded, which were greatest in the failed stakes. The possible role of the iron taken up by the below ground portion of the stakes, in accelerating the decay process and/or the preservative leaching is under investigation. The reaction of the iron with the ch...
J N R Ruddick, P I Morris
Amine copper reaction with wood components: acidity versus copper adsorption
1997 - IRG/WP 97-30161
The bonding sites for copper in wood from CCA, as well as ammoniacal/amine based systems, has long been a topic of investigation. Both phenolic and carboxylic functional groups have been discussed as potential bonding sites for copper. However, no consensus on the adsorption mechanism has been realized. Thus, the selective adsorption of copper in southern yellow pine from ethanolamine-copper solut...
S M Thomason, E A Pasek
Conservation of Nypa fruticans and Indigenous Timber Species of Sundarban Mangrove Forest of Bangladesh by Using Preservative Treatment.
2005 - IRG/WP 05-40297
This report describes the possibilities and benefits of preservative treatment of some Bangladeshi wood species. It is concluded that:
Heartwood of Sundri is not easily treatable. The treating schedule of 14.1 kg/cm² pressure and eight hours treatment period may be used for treating sundry logs. During the treatment of Sundri wood must not mix with other species. Other timber species such as Gew...
G N M Ilias
Performance of preservative-treated rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) in Goa and Kochi waters (west coast of India).
1997 - IRG/WP 97-20104
Performance of rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) against biodeterioration, when pressure-treated with Copper-Chrome-Arsenic (CCA) and Copper-Chrome-Boric (CCB) and exposed in Mandovi estuary (Goa) and in Kochi waters for a period of 32 months and 9 months respectively, has been discussed. The control panels were completely destroyed within a period of 4 to 6 months at both the localities. The resist...
L N Santhakumaran, M V Rao
Detoxification of salt impregnated wood by organic acids in a pulping process
1993 - IRG/WP 93-50012
The paper descibes a novel method to detoxify pine wood (Pinus silvestris L.) treated with CCB-, CCF- CC-, and Cu-HDO-type salt preservatives. In the process of biological detoxification organic acids produced by strains of Antrodia vaillantii and other brown rot fungi are used for the dissolution of the previously fixed inorganic compounds. These findings are the basis for applying an acid pulpin...
I Stephan, H H Nimz, R D Peek
Impact of leachates from CCA- and copper azole-treated pine decking on soil-dwelling invertebrates
2002 - IRG/WP 02-50183
This study assessed the short-term effects on non-target soil invertebrates of leachates from a naturally durable hardwood and timber treated with two copper-based wood preservatives. Natural rainwater leachates from kwila decking, and radiata pine-decking treated with CCA or copper-azole, were collected and applied on mown lawn soil in Brisbane, Queensland. The soil study consisted of 5 treatment...
N Crumière, A House, M J Kennedy
Effect of remediation on the release of copper, chromium, and arsenic from particleboard made from CCA treated wood
2001 - IRG/WP 01-50170
This study sought to determine the effect of remediation with oxalic acid (OA) extraction and Bacillus licheniformis fermentation on the release of copper, chromium, and arsenic from particleboard made from remediated wood particles and also investigates durability of the particleboard against white and brown- rot fungi. Particleboard samples were manufactured using untreated, CCA-treated, OA-extr...
S N Kartal, C A Clausen
Studies in an accelerated soil bed facility on the decay susceptibility of U.K. grown spruce and pine poles treated with copper/chrome/arsenic (CCA) by pressurised sap-displacement. Part 1: Setting up of soil beds and initial soft rot results
1990 - IRG/WP 2344
The paper describes the methodology used in the construction and early operation of an accelerated soil bed facility used to examine the decay susceptibility of U.K. grown Scots and Corsican pine and Sitka and Norway spruce treated with C.C.A. by high pressure sap-displacememt. The design and control of the facility as well as the preparation, soil exposure and soft rot decay analysis of quarter p...
A Bruce, S D Hainey, G M Smith, B King, P D Evans
A spectroscopic investigation of copper ethylenediamine fixation in wood
1999 - IRG/WP 99-20160
The fixation reaction which take place between copper ethylenediamine (Cu-en) solution and wood were expolored using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The FTIR spectra revealed that copper reacts with the carboxylic acid and phenolic groups in wood to form stable complexes. The copper ethylenediamine complexes formed in wood were identifie...
Xiao Jiang, J N R Ruddick
A technique for determining the efficacy of water diffusible preservative plugs for implanting in joinery in service
1987 - IRG/WP 2291
A technique is described for determining the efficacy of soluble, diffusible preservative plugs for eradicating decay in joinery. It uses blocks of Scots pine sapwood or heartwood adjusted to known moisture contents prior to the establishment of the test fungus Coniophora puteana, from a single longitudinal dowel and the subsequent introduction of the preservative plugs. Prevention of decay, eradi...
J K Carey, A F Bravery
Comparative performance of copper azole and copper-chrome-arsenate treated rubber wood in Australian, Malaysian and New Zealand tests sites
2000 - IRG/WP 00-30213
Rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) has been used for non-structural products where appearance is important. It has rarely been used for structural uses where preservative treatment is required. In order to evaluate the in-ground durability of preservative-treated rubberwood, test stakes (20 x 20 x 500 mm3) were treated to four retentions of CCA and copper azole (Tanalith® E) and installed in test si...
J A Drysdale, M E Hedley, E Loh, L T Hong