Your search resulted in 3832 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Influence of Exposure Direction on Leaching of a Biocide from Painted Wood Surfaces
2014 - IRG/WP 14-50303
The objective of this project was to investigate the influence different exposure directions – North, East, South and West on the cumulative quantity of a biocide leached from painted wood surfaces due to rainfall and the consequences for the risk assessment.
The study included a solvent-borne primer without biocides and a topcoat protected with a biocidal active substance. Both products were a...
M Klamer
Practical extraction of metals from CCA-treated wood
2014 - IRG/WP 14-50305
The extraction effects of acid concentration, reaction time and temperature in a microwave reactor on recovery of chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood were evaluated. Extraction of copper, chromium, and arsenic metals from CCA-treated southern pine wood samples with three different wood particle sizes (i.e., (1) 0.5 cm3, (2) 0.5x05x1.0 cm, and (3) 0.5x0.5x1.5 cm) was investigated using a m...
Bin Yu, Chung Y Hse, T F Shupe
VOC-free remedial treatment agent on organic solvent basis with surface cleaning by photocatalysis using titanium dioxide
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40651
Due to the EU Regulations according to the harmonisation of the European market of biocidal products and the EU Regulations regarding emissions of volatile organic compounds in residential properties a new VOC free yet organic solvent based remedial treatment agent is introduced including a potential method to clean up the wooden surface of remaining biocides after a remedial treatment using photo...
H Ahl, J Fromm, P Jüngel, E Melcher, M Pallaske
Evaluation of vessel features on physical and mechanical properties of wood of Common black poplar (Populus nigra L.) grown at different elevations in the region with a continental climate
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40656
This study essentially examined the effect of elevation on the anatomical structure, and the physical and mechanical properties of Common black poplar (Populus nigra L.) wood. The scope of the study was to observe the variability of vessel element features on physical and mechanical properties of Common black poplar (Populus nigra L.) in relation to habitat at different elevations. For this purpos...
I Usta
Full-scale impregnation of wood with siloxane using supercritical carbon dioxide
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40659
Full-scale impregnation of wood with siloxane was carried out using supercritical carbon dioxide as solvent. A batch of 3530 kg of Scots pine sapwood was impregnated to a retention of approximately 1.3% siloxane. The treatment also consisted of a simultaneous impregnation with organic biocides. The performance of the wood was evaluated in terms of capillary water uptake according to a modified EN ...
A Kjellow, F Imsgard, J Fernandes, R Wagner, J Delis
Termite resistance of wood modified with short- and long-chain siloxanes
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40660
Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood specimens modified with short- and long-chain amino-functional siloxane emulsions were exposed to subterranean termites (Reticulitermes flavipes Kollar). Laboratory choice and no-choice tests following the standard EN 117 (2013) were conducted for 8 weeks in order to evaluate the influence of these silicon-based compounds on the termite resistance of treate...
P Gascón-Garrido, M-F Thévenon, H Militz, C Mai
The effect of UV irradiation on some technological properties of different polyurethane varnishes coated plywood panels from veneers dried at different temperatures
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40661
In this study, the effect of UV irradiation on some technological properties of three different polyurethane varnishes coated plywood panels produced from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster L.) veneers manuactured and dried at different temperatures was studied. Accordingly, 32°C log peeling temperature and three different veneer drying temperatures (110, 140 and ...
Ö Özgenç, C Demirkir, Ü C Yildiz, G Çolakoğlu
Effect of Nano-Wollastonite on Water Absorption in Particleboard
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40662
Effects of wollastonite nanofibers on physical properties of particleboard were studied. Nano-wollastonite (NW) was applied at 5, 10, 15, and 20 g/kg, based on the dry weight of wood-chips, and compared with control specimens. Two application methods of NW were used: surface application (SA), and internal application (IA). Density was kept constant at 0.68 g/cm3 for all treatments. Tests were carr...
S Karimi, H Reza Taghiyari, A Karimi, P M Tahir, J Abdul Halip
Improving dimensional stability of thermally treated wood by secondary modification – potential and limitations
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40664
The potential of treating thermally modified wood with melamine resin to improve the dimensional stabilization is tested in this research. Two different boards of poplar (Populus ssp.) were cut into two halves. One half of each board was thermally modified (T1 and T2) in a commercial process, the other half was used as untreated reference material. The material was thermally modified using the vac...
G Behr, K-C Mahnert, S Bollmus, H Militz
Effect of polyurea coatings on performance of Douglas-fir in tropical above ground exposures
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40665
The potential for using polyurea barriers to limit fungal and termite attack was investigated on Douglas-fir lumber and timbers. Termites were capable of penetrating the barrier to attack non-treated wood as well as wood dip-treated with disodium octaborate. The coatings were also exposed above ground for 48 months in Hilo Hawaii. Samples were dissected to detect internal decay. Coated non-trea...
S Uysal, J J Morrell
Performance of some wood modification treatments against marine borers
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40668
Since some years, new treatment technology to protect wood against wood destroying fungi is introduced. Limited knowledge on their resistance to water organisms is available. Therefore, the resistance of chemically modified wood was assessed in a field test according to the European Standard EN 275 over a period of 3 resp. 5 years at sites in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. Scots pine (Pinus syl...
A Klüppel, C Mai, H Militz, S Cragg
A guideline for sorting easy to impregnate Scots pine sapwood based on three treatability studies from Northern Europe
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40669
Scots pine sapwood is generally considered an easy to impregnate wood species, though it reportedly faces challenges towards a homogeneous impregnation and large variations in treatability are reported for the material.
This study comprises the results of three treatability tests that were performed on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) sapwood. The material impregnated was originated from a large ...
K Zimmer, E Larnøy, A Treu
Comparison of untreated plywood and untreated LVL in a field trial against Coptotermes acinaciformis and in laboratory trials against Tyromyces palustris and Coniophora puteana
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40671
In Australasia, efficacy data obtained on plywood is generally acceptable for laminated veneer lumber (LVL) and vice versa. This is particularly the case with glueline treatment approvals. The rationale is that the two wood products have predominately the same basic structure with the key difference being orientation of the veneer. LVL typically has all veneers in parallel while plywood typical...
A Siraa, K Day, S Millward, P Lobb
Study of in-situ gel polymerization established by Si-O-Si framework within wood micropores
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40672
Sodium silicate was used to form Si–O–Si framework by gel process and optimize the effect of the methylolurea impregnation on poplar wood. The modifier cured within the wood micropores by in-situ gel polymerization during the kiln drying. The results showed that treated wood acquired higher mechanical strength, but lower hygroscopicity. New positions of the XRD peaks appeared which caused by s...
Zeng Bi, Qian Lang, Heyu Chen, Junwen Pu
Development of composite furniture using bamboo strips, bamboo mat and rubber wood veneer
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40679
Bamboo offers cost-effective component in panel form is well suited to wood substitute can be used as furniture components. In the present study, borak (Bambusa balcooa ) bamboo were used for manufacturing bamboo panel. Mitinga (B. tulda) bamboo were used for making mat and rubber wood veneers were used for manufacturing mat overlaid veneer board. Borax-boric acid (BB) treatments were given to enh...
K Akhter, M Mahabubur Rahaman, M H Chowdhury, M Zahirul Alam
Compatibility of Acetylated Wood and Wet Concrete
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40673
One of the newer commercial technologies to provide stability and durability to wood and wood composites is the process of acetylation (the reaction of acetic anhydride with wood). Wood is often used in contact with concrete, although only a very limited amount of species are suitable for this type of application because of durability issues. From this perspective durability class 1 timber such ...
R Rowell, C Lankveld, J Alexander
Possible targets of wood modification in brown rot degradation
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40676
Wood modification protects wood from fungal degradation in a non-toxic manner. However, the mechanisms behind the decay resistance in modified wood are currently unknown. The aim of this study was to discuss the i) colonisation, ii) nutrient recognition, iii) transcription, iv) depolymerisation and v) hydrolysis steps in the brown rot degradation progress and explore whether they are inhibited by ...
R Ringman, A Pilgård, G Alfredsen, B Goodell, K Richter
The Physical Properties of Heat Treated Fir Wood and Outdoor Durability
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40677
Wood might be easily susceptible to degrade by biotic and abiotic factors. Therefore, wood should be protected from fungi, insects and other degradation factors by applying treatment methods. Especially, for the wood have used in the external environment. Chemical treatment methods have some disadvantages such as use of toxic chemicals (Arsenic and chromium) and treatability of refractory wood spe...
O E Özkan, H Vurdu, A Temiz, G Köse
Experiences with an industrial system for controlled thermal wood modification in pressurized unsaturated steam
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40678
Thermal wood modification in pressurized reactors has a long history, but these processes are to date industrially scarcely used, because of the relatively complicated process equipment, compared to the more common high-temperature processes in kilns at atmospheric pressure. However, based on our practical experience with the FirmoLin® process, supported by recent scientific findings, it is foun...
W Willems
Biological durability of natural fibre reinforced composites
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40681
Composite materials reinforced with wood or non-wood natural fibres have the potential to be a lighter and lower-cost alternative construction material. Until better availability and properties and a lower cost price of degradable polymers makes their use more prevalent, the application of natural fibre reinforcements in synthetic polymers is an intermediate step towards products that are complete...
N Defoirdt, I De Windt, J Van den Bulcke, J Van Acker
Lignin Modification to Produce Sustainable Polyurethane Resin for Wood Coatings
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40682
The use of lignin as the most abundant aromatic natural polymer has been evaluated for use in the production of lignin-based polyurethane resin for coating applications. Coatings are made of resins (ca. 50%), which today are mainly derived from petroleum-based polymers. This study is focused on the development of an environmentally friendly method of modifying lignin to be used as source of natura...
M Nejad, M Arefmanesh, S Chandra, J Mostaghimi, E Master
The susceptibility of oriented structural straw board (OSSB) to damage by subterranean wood-destroying and grass-feeding termites in Australia
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40683
The field performance of untreated oriented structural straw board (OSSB) made from wheat straw was evaluated against two economically important Australian species of wood destroying subterranean termite, Coptotermes acinaciformis and Mastotermes darwiniensis, and two Australian species of grass-feeding subterranean termite, Amitermes meridionalis and Nasutitermes triodiae. Oriented strand board (...
J Hague, D Scown, J Creffield, M Neal
Buffered Amine Oxide Treatment Systems for Ammonical Copper Wood Preservatives
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40685
Wood is the most versatile, practical and sustainable building material in the world. In modern countries, wood is a well-managed renewable resource that has a small carbon footprint. Wood does suffer from a lack of durability against invasive organisms such as insects and fungi. Steel, aluminum and composites have emerged as viable alternative building materials. These sectors market the defi...
R W Clawson Jr
Borate treatment of green ties: An initial report on the effects on mechanical properties
2014 - IRG/WP 14-40686
Borates are increasingly used as components of wood preservative systems for railway cross ties (“sleepers”) in the USA. A variety of methods exist for incorporating the borate component; however, the so-called ‘two-step’ treatment, which involves treating the green tie in borate, followed by a pressure treatment with creosote or copper naphthenate after drying (‘seasoning’), offers th...
A M Taylor, J D Lloyd
Effect of Rifampin on gut symbiotic bacteria isolated from Anacanthotermes vagans Hagen (Isoptera: Hodotermitidae)
2014 - IRG 14-10835
Termites thrive in terrestrial ecosystems and play an important role in bio-recycling of the lignocellulosic biomass, that is a mixture of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. However, these insects become pests when they interfere with human interests related to wood/cellulose products, attacking structural timber, furniture and paper products. Sustainable management of subterranean termites usin...
B Habibpour, M Jalali, D Gharibi