Your search resulted in 385 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
FLUROX, a new breakthrough in insect control for wood preservation
1995 - IRG/WP 95-30079
FLUROX (flufenoxuron) is an acylurea insecticide which acts as a growth regulator in insects. FLUROX inhibits the production of chitin - the exoskeleton or 'skin' of the insect. When the exposed larva attempt to moult to its next stage of development, it is unable to produce a new skin and dies. FLUROX has been found to be extremely active against wood borers, when applied in a p...
A R Valcke, M Pallaske
Effects of chemical pretreatment of Douglas-fir heartwood on efficacy of potential bioprotection agents
1990 - IRG/WP 1440
Biological protection against wood decay fungi represents an environmentally attractive alternative to the use of chemicals; however, the process of identifying suitable candidates and the conditions that ensure successful protection pose major challenges. One critical aspect of this problem is to identify organisms that can rapidly and uniformly colonize the wood. Wood contains low levels of nutr...
B Dawson-Andoh, J J Morrell
The natural history of teredinid molluscs and other marine wood borers in Papua New Guinea
1975 - IRG/WP 410
The teredinids, commonly known as teredos or shipworms, are bivalve molluscs adapted to boring into wood. They are most closely related to the Family Pholadidae, or piddocks, which bore into mud, stone and coral. The teredinids have a relatively small, hemi-spherically shaped shell, the elongated body extending beyond the posterior end of the shell valves. The soft body, protected by the wood and ...
S M Rayner
Effects of soil physical and chemical characteristics on adsorption of leached CCA and ACQ preservative components
2003 - IRG/WP 03-50200
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of soil characteristics on adsorption of wood preservative components from CCA and ACQ preservative systems. Adsorption of leached CCA and ACQ preservative components in soils with different characteristics were studied. Three soils (clay, sandy and organic) were investigated using different concentrations of leach water of CCA and ACQ wood pr...
S Stefanovic, P A Cooper
Biological and chemical investigations for the assessment of the environmental impact of wood preservative components
1999 - IRG/WP 99-50127
This study was carried out in order to investigate the suitability of biological and chemical techniques to evaluate the environmental impact of wood preservatives depleted from impregnated wood. Small specimens (15*25*50 mm3) of Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris) were treated with a CCB salt. After fixation the treated and untreated samples were washed-out according EN 84, and the different le...
E Melcher, H-W Wegen
Modification of solid wood: research and practical potential
1997 - IRG/WP 97-40098
The polymeric structure of the wooden cellwall mainly consists cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The most reactive sites on these components are the hydroxyl groups. The cellwall polymers (and its reactive hydroxyl groups) are responsible for most physical and chemical properties of wood. By changing the basic chemistry of the cellwall polymers, it is possible to change different undesirable at...
H Militz, E P J Beckers, W J Homan
Chemical treatment of chips for outdoor storage. Evaluation of sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate + sodium 2,4-dinitrophenol treatment
1980 - IRG/WP 2134
Fresh slash pine chips were treated by spraying them with a dilute aqueous solution of sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate and sodium 2,4-dinitrophenol. The were then formed into an experimental chip file 10 feet high, and the pile was maintained for seven months. The treatment effectively slowed heat release and retarded losses in wood substances, tall oil, pulp yield, and pulp strenght. Under certain...
E L Springer, M Benjamin, W C Feist, L L Zoch, G J Hajny
Biological degradation resistance of wood acetylated with thioacetic acid
1983 - IRG/WP 3223
Chemically, modification of wood is being considered as an alternative to conventional preservation by toxic chemicals. Acetylated wood has been reported to be quite resistant to most biodegrading organisms at weight percent gains (WPG) around 15-19. The conventional acetylation techniques with acethic anhyrdride result in generation of acetic acid. However, acetylation with thioacetic acid overco...
S Kumar, S C Agarwal
Three years of field tests with "Lignomer" stakes in ground contact
1981 - IRG/WP 3166
The "Lignomer" (Wood Polymer Composite) is a material obtained during the polymerisation of various monomers or its mixtures in wood. As laboratory tests have shown, this material is characterized by a high resistance against biological deteriorating agents. The laboratory investigations on the durability of various materials against biological deterioration are in many instances extended by field...
K Lutomski
Northern oak wood and its damages in Iran
1988 - IRG/WP 1377
The Northern oak species of Iran designated Quercus castaneaefolia C.A.M. is distributed widely in caspian littoral. In natural conditions (healthy) has favourable quality and it is used mostly in rural construtions, sleepers, parquets, cross arms for electric and communication poles, it is used also indoor and window construction, benches and finally veneer. This wood in the case of sleepers and ...
D Parsapajouh, P Niloufari
Variation in biological performance of CCA caised by preservative application method
1996 - IRG/WP 96-40072
A series of laboratory studies to investigate the influence of treatment application method on CCA performance in Cosican pine has been completed. Biological decay tests, such as serial exposures, were used to induce decay in wood at preservative retentions of up to 10 kg/m³ CCA salts. Significant differences in performance of the preservative against either brown, white or soft rot decay fungi w...
P R Newman, R J Murphy
Influence of the decay of spruce chips by the selected fungi on their chemical structure and the pulp properties
2004 - IRG/WP 04-10510
The paper focuses on changes in the weight and in the molecular structure of spruce chips submitted to long-term storing as well as to medium- and long-term model rotting degradation caused by some chosen fungi identified at storing processes on the pile. For the model decay of chips under laboratory conditions during 3 or 6 weeks the white-rot fungi: Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Heterobasidion an...
R Solár, L Reinprecht, A Geffert, F Kacík
Decomposition of biocides in aqueous media cases of MTC and TCMTB
1993 - IRG/WP 93-50001-26
Our laboratory is interested in the fate of modern biocide molecules in the environment. Here we present recent work which has been done on the fate of two compounds with fungicidal and bactericidal properties: methylenedithiocyanate (MTC: NCS - CH2 - SCN) and thiocyanomethylthiobenzothiazol (TCMTB). We have studied separately the influence of pH, temperature and ultraviolet irradiation in aqueous...
R Perraud, M Papazian
Moisture distribution in coated wooden panels. Studies of moisture dynamics by computerized axial tomography
1992 - IRG/WP 92-2413
Certain modern coatings have been held responsible for the rot damages in wood sidings, which have, during the past few years, appeared at an increasing extent in Scandinavia and which have occurred rather soon after the application of the coating. In this study, the moisture excluding effect of different coating systems intended for sidings have been studied with the help of an X-ray technique, c...
J Ekstedt, L O Lindgren, S Grundberg
Three-dimensional modeling of fumigant distribution in wood poles
1993 - IRG/WP 93-30025
The practice of using fumigants to control internal decay has been widely accepted in the United States and has shown to be effect in control internal decay in transmission poles and other large wood timbers. Mathematical models were developed to simulate the chloropicrin movement in utility poles after treatment. The simulation results indicated that treatment of utility poles, using either tradi...
Jing Liu, B Goodell
Chemical and biological investigations of double-vacuum treated windows after 7½ years in service
1985 - IRG/WP 3339
Earlier investigations of double-vacuum treated windows after five years in service have shown that tributyltin oxide (TBTO) degrades to di- and monobutyltin compounds and that the resistance of the wood against decay decreases. An investigation 2.5 years later of the same windows shows that the degradation of TBTO proceeds fast. After 7.5 years in service only 15-35% of the remaining organotin co...
M-L Edlund, J Jermer, B Henningsson, W Hintze
Distribution of boron from fused borate rods in Douglas-fir transmission poles
1996 - IRG/WP 96-30112
The diffusion of boron from fused borate rods (disodium octaborate tetrachydrate) was monitored over 42 months in CCA-treated Douglas-fir transmission poles. The boric acid equivalent was estimated by the curcumin/salicylic acid color test on increment cores removed from the poles. Moisture content of the poles was quite variable but was always above 20 percent. The percent of increment core lengt...
T L Highley, F Green III, W F Finney
The limitations of legislative information distribution to the UK remedial preservation industry
1995 - IRG/WP 95-50060
The remedial preservation industry in the UK consists of companies that are rarely large enough to fit any of the definitions of small to medium enterprises (SMEs). They are faced with information on a wide range of legislation related to their industry from a bewildering variety of sources. Costs range from free to hundreds of pounds. Recent surveys have shown that a significant proportion of SME...
J M Ibbitson, G S Sawyer
Microdistribution of water-borne preservatives in blue gum treated by full-cell process
1990 - IRG/WP 3617
The present work deals with the study of the microdistribution of copper, chrome and arsenic elements in Eucalyptus globulus Labill. sapwood, treated with a CCA water-borne preservative by full-cell process, with the help of scanning electron microscopy together with energy dispersion X-ray analysis technique. The work shows that the retention of CCA elements is high in vessels and vasicentric par...
D De Sousa Castro Reimão, J M Palacios
Chemical analysis of wood waste - The problem of sampling
1999 - IRG/WP 99-20168
A quantitative analysis of the content of active substances in wood is often demanded in quality control after processing and for the proper waste management. As a measure for quality control, analysis has the advantage that the type of preservative is known and assumptions can be made about its distribution in the treated wood.W aste wood may have been treated by a wide range of organic and inorg...
A Peylo, R-D Peek
Screening of the technical performance and aquatic toxicity of N-methylolacrylamide treated wood
2000 - IRG/WP 00-40166
In the course of the last decades chemical modification of wood species, with a limited natural durability, has been subjected to intensive research. As a possible alternative and supplementary treatment of non-durable wood in a range of applications it remains one of the major topics in the wood preservation world. Different modification systems have been scaled-up and are now in an industrialisi...
V Rijckaert, S De Geyter, J Van Acker, M Stevens
A technique for measuring preservative loss or redistribution during leaching
1983 - IRG/WP 2199
Radiata pine sapwood stakes were treated with benzalkonium chloride (AAC) or copper-chrome-arsenate (CCA). After fixation and drying the outer 2 mm and 2-4 mm layers were removed from one radial longitudinal face. The planed face was coated with a waterproof coating and AAC-treated stakes were leached for 6, 12 or 18 weeks; 12 weeks for the CCA-treated stakes. After airdrying three 2 mm layers (0-...
J A Drysdale
Minthea rugicollis (Walk.) (Coleoptera: Lyctidae): A pest of rubberwood
1992 - IRG/WP 92-1570
Rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) has grown in prominence as a source of timber in recent years. One of the drawbacks in the utilization of this species is its susceptibility to attack by powder-post beetles belonging to the family Lyctidae. In Malaysia, Minthea rugicollis (Walk) is the, most commonly found species attacking seasoned rubberwood. In this paper, information available thus far on Minth...
F Abood, R W Berry, R J Murphy
Micromorphological and chemical changes of archaeological woods from wrecked ship's timbers
1987 - IRG/WP 4136
Micromorphological and chemical alterations of sea-waterlogged woods obtained from the ship-wrecked materials which had been submerged in Yellow Sea for over 700 years were investigated. The woods were deteriorated in varying degrees by marine organisms depending on species and parts of the woods. Under the light and scanning electron microscope the morphological characteristics of deteriorated wo...
Y S Kim
Fluoride and chromium concentrations in soil adjacent to remedially treated distribution poles
1996 - IRG/WP 96-50066
Soils adjacent to Rentex treated 'on-line' distribution poles were analysed for total fluoride and chromium content for comparison with background values of these elements. Soil samples 6 cm and 25 cm downslope of selected poles were recovered at 1 week, 1 month, 6 and 12 months after treatment. Background soil samples were taken 50 m from the poles at sampling times. Fourteen po...
D C R Sinclair, G M Smith, A Bruce, H J Staines, P Durrant