Your search resulted in 3388 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Quantification of methylene bis thiocyanate in wood and its effect on a sapstain fungus Ophiostoma floccosum
2006 - IRG/WP 06-10591
The mobility and concentrations of MBT at different depths of wood billets (200 mm long, 40 mm in diameter) were determined using NMR spectroscopy and ICP-ASE, and then correlated the effect of wood MBT concentrations on growth of O. floccosum in a bioassay using stereomicroscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).
The 13C NMR spectra showed the presence or absence of MBT in wood but w...
T Singh
Direct analysis from wood of the blue stain fungi Aureobasidium pullulans and Hormonema dematioides by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis
2006 - IRG/WP 06-10595
Aureobasidium pullulans and Hormonema dematioides are the two organisms used in the EN 152 laboratory method for determining the effectiveness of preservatives against blue stain in service. The literature concerning the disfigurement of surface coatings and exposed timber in-service states that A. pullulans is the dominant blue stain fungus, due to its frequent isolation from stained material. In...
M J Ray, D J Dickinson
Decay resistance of coconut and rubber woods. Alternative wood species from Ghana
2006 - IRG/WP 06-10596
With the expanding local and world wide demand for tropical timbers, there is increased interest in the suitability of lesser–used timber species as alternatives for the forest based industries in order to ensure sustainable forest management. In the forests of Ghana, there are quite a number of timber species that are lesser known and have not been adequately used due to the absence of informat...
S Amartey, M Humar, B Donkor, F Pohleven
The natural durability of wood in different use classes - PART II
2006 - IRG/WP 06-10598
The natural durability of important European wood species has been tested on 3970 speci¬mens in field trials. The wood was exposed at five test sites in Germany with different climates, at each site in European use class 4 and 3 (with and without soil contact). Within European use class 3 three different expositions were tested: vertical with sheltered end grain, vertical unsheltered and horizont...
A O Rapp, U Augusta, K Brandt
Comparing microbial colonisation and Decay Rates of Wood from Sound and Aphid-Killed Kenyan-Grown Mexican Cypress (Cupressus lusitanica)
2006 - IRG/WP 06-10599
Samples of wood from 10, 15, and 30-year old trees attacked and killed by the cypress aphid (Cinara cupressi) and sound Kenyan-grown Cupressus lusitanica trees were investigated for variations in moisture content, density and susceptibility to microbial decay. MC varied with tree age, a normal trend, and between samples from aphid-killed and sound trees. In samples from 10, 15 and 20-year old so...
R Venkatasamy
Termite Response to Oil-Heat-Treated Norway spruce, Scots Pine and Eucalyptus Wood
2006 - IRG/WP 06-20325
The work here presented focused on the behaviour of subterranean termites (Reticulitermes grassei Clément) towards Oil-Heat-Treated (OHT) Norway spruce (Picea abies L.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labill) wood, with a particular interest in the development of simple methods adequate to study the resistence of these materials to termite attack. Small test ...
L Nunes, T Nobre, C Welzbacher, A O Rapp
Identification of fungi colonising coated and modified wood exposed outdoors using sequencing and T-RFLP profiling
2006 - IRG/WP 06-20326
Wood decay and staining fungi are known to colonize coated and modified wood. Rapid and reliable ways of identifying fungi on coated and modified wood may improve diagnostics and product development. In this work nine fungi growing in painted wood panels exposed outdoors at a test field in Uppsala, Sweden, were identified using sequencing and T-RFLP (Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphi...
U Råberg, J Bijelovic, C J Land, S Bardage, N Terziev
Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Polyethylene Glycol Penetration into Wood Cell Walls
2006 - IRG/WP 06-20328
Penetration of high molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) into wood cell walls was investigated in red pine. PEG of different molecular weights (1000, 8000 and 20000) was labelled by bromination and treated samples were analyzed on Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) in dynamic mode. Both negative and positive spectra of the samples were collected in high spatial (bunche...
D Jeremic, P Cooper, P Brodersen
Effects of chlorothalonil (CTN) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) on microbial communities involved in the deterioration of wood using T-RFLP I: Accelerated laboratory decay study
2006 - IRG/WP 06-20332
The effects of Chlorothalonil (CTN) and Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT) on microbial species diversity in wood and the surrounding soil are being assessed by Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP). CTN was selected as a trial organic wood preservative, and BHT is being evaluated for its synergistic effects with CTN. Results from an accelerated decay test will be presented. The...
G T Kirker, M L Prewitt, S V Diehl
Moisture correction for ultrasonic MOE measurements above fibre saturation point in Scots pine sapwood
2006 - IRG/WP 06-20333
There is a high correlation between methods for dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOEdyn) and static modulus of elasticity (MOEstat). MOEdyn methods have been found sensitive to detect early stages of decay and may be seen as an option for non-destructive wood durability testing. As the MOEstat measurements do not change after reaching the fibre saturation point, the uncorrected MOEdyn data from ultr...
E Larnøy, G Alfredsen, H Militz
Effect of wood decay on the proportional limit of thin wood samples stressed in the bending mode
2006 - IRG/WP 06-20334
When using bending stiffness as a measure of wood decay it is advantageous to repeatedly test individual samples after they are exposed to decay fungi for varying periods of time. In order to obtain reliable results, variation in modulus of elasticity (MOE) values of the test samples that are repeatable bent to a given deflection must be considered. In this study it was shown that sound 3mm thick ...
G Li, D Nicholas, T Schultz
Investigation on a Wood Decay Biomarker
2006 - IRG/WP 06-20336
HPLC evolution of beech wood extractives was investigated with or without exposure to Coriolus versicolor during one month. The nature and the quantity of extracts depends on the extraction conditions, but were also strongly influenced by the wood drying temperature and time leading to an important modification for higher drying temperature. After two weeks of exposure to Coriolus versicolor, resu...
S Mounguengui, S Dumarçay, P Gérardin
Laboratory methods for assessing the resistance of wood plastic composites to fungal attack.
2006 - IRG/WP 06-20340
Wood plastic composites (WPC’s) have many attractive material features including dimensional stability and resistance to moisture, but the wood in these materials remains susceptible to fungal attack. Assessing WPC decay resistance in laboratory trials has proven difficult because the slow moisture sorption characteristics of this material do not allow for sufficient fungal attack over the trad...
J J Morrell
Testing durability of treated wood according to EN 252. Interpretation of data from Nordic test fields
2006 - IRG/WP 06-20341
To evaluate the effectiveness of new wood preservatives intended for treated wood in ground use there is a European standard, EN 252. The test shall run for five years before any formal interpretation of the results can be made.
Due to environmental concerns, the use of wood preservatives based on copper, chromium and arsenic (CCA) has been restricted in recent years. As a consequence of restrict...
M L Edlund, F G Evans, K Henriksen, T Nilsson
L-joint based testing for service life prediction of exterior plywood in out of ground contact conditions
2006 - IRG/WP 06-20342
Good biological performance of several plywood types in exterior conditions is most probably related to altered wood moisture behaviour compared to solid wood. Therefore a test set up was developed, using EN 330 L-joint testing methodology, to facilitate differentiation of plywood for exterior applications.
The proposed test set up is an adaptation of an accelerated L-joint method introduced by V...
J De Smet, I De Windt, J Van Acker
Overview of European discussions on Standardisation and list of proposed standards for WPC performance qualification
2006 - IRG/WP 06-20345
The standardisation is a driving force to promote the development of Wood Polymer Composites (WPC) by giving confidence to users and consumers. In Europe, the high interest of WPC require at this time a diffusion of information concerning the performances of WPC products. The WPC performances must be assessed according relevant standards in order to qualify the intrinsic properties of WPC (mechani...
G Labat, M Vernois, T Gay
Testing biological durability of wood-plastic composites
2006 - IRG/WP 06-20347
Testing biological durability is inherently different for wood-plastic composites (WPC) compared to solid timber. However there is clearly a need for more information on the durability of WPC’s, on the effect of decay on the material properties of WPC’s and on methods for assessing decay of WPC’s. For the emerging European WPC market there has been some discussions on how to work on these to...
J Van Acker
Biological resistance of didecyl dimethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate (DBF)-treated wood in soil-bed and Basidiomycetes tests
2006 - IRG/WP 06-30393
This study evaluated the decay resistance of treated wood with a new quaternary ammonia compound, didecyl dimethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate (DBF) in laboratory soil bed and Basidiomycetes tests. Treated sugi sapwood specimens with DBF at various concentration levels were first subjected to soil bed tests using two types of soil. The specimens subjected to soil bed tests were then used for Basidi...
S N Kartal, C Brischke, A O Rapp, Y Imamura
Heat treatment of less-valuable Nigerian-grown Ceiba pentandra wood for improved properties
2006 - IRG/WP 06-40332
The hardwood Ceiba pentandra locally known as “ araba “ in Nigeria is rarely used for structural and construction works due to its high dimensional instability, low strength and durability values. Samples (10 x 10 x 150mm) were removed from four green boards (25 x 200 x 3000mm) of this species originating from a natural forest stand in Nigeria and subjected to 2-hour heat treatment at 160°C a...
L Awoyemi
Copper borate for the protection of engineered wood products
2006 - IRG/WP 06-40334
Copper borate was evaluated for use in protecting oriented strand board (OSB) from mould, decay, and termites. Aspen OSB bonded with either phenolic or isocyanate resin was treated with several formulations of copper borate at various loadings from 0.26 to 4 percent by weight. These panels were then tested to determine the impact of the preservative on mechanical properties as well as resistance ...
R Smart, W Wall
Wood plastic composites from modified wood; Part 1 - Conceptual idea, mechanical and physical properties
2006 - IRG/WP 06-40338
Wood plastic composites, WPCs, are rapidly taking shares from preservative treated wood on the decking market. However, the long term performance of the WPC products in this application is uncertain. Therefore, in an attempt to increase the long term performance and durability, the substitution of the unmodified wood component with modified wood has been studied in the work presented in this paper...
P Larsson Brelid, B K Segerholm, M Westin, M E P Wålinder
Tree crown architecture: a tool for decay resistance evaluation
2013 - IRG/WP 13-10793
The variability of natural durability contributes to the bad perception of some wood end-users. In our search, we need to adjust our methods and strategies to estimate natural durability and extract higher value from wood resources. Architectural analysis is essentially a detailed, multilevel, comprehensive and dynamic approach to plant development. Numerous biological process which impact some wo...
N Amusant, J-B Anouhé Say, A Amissa, J Beauchène, F Niamké, E Nicolinni
The commercialisation of ThermoWood® products
2006 - IRG/WP 06-40339
The concept of thermally modifying timber is well established, which has achieved a limited market breakthrough to date. Commercial application has mainly occurred within Finland, though recent years has seen market gain in several other European countries. This paper reviews the known properties of ThermoWood® timber, based on the combined work of the Finnish ThermoWood® Association, alongside ...
D Jones, E Suttie, J Ala-Viikari, N Bergstrom, D Mayes
Further discussion of biological durability assessments of acetylated wood from several European institutes
2006 - IRG/WP 06-40340
In the last decade, interest in the development of wood modification systems has increased in Europe. Alongside several industrial initiatives for heat treatments, there have also been scaling up and pilot plant projects for chemical wood modification. Between 2000-03, the European Commission funded the "Thematic Network on Wood Modification". This paper features a re-evaluation of work undertaken...
D Jones, W Homan, F Bongers
The Effect of Flavonoids on Colour and Spectral Changes of the Wood Surface Caused by Heat Treatment or Ultra-violet Irradiation
2006 - IRG/WP 06-40341
Both heat treatment and UV irradiation can cause discolouration and change in the spectral properties of wood surface. Some of the characteristic flavonols have significant role on colour and spectral changes, despite of their relative small quantities in wood.
Colour changes and spectral properties of natural and extracted black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and poplar (Populus nigra L.) were...
R Csonka-Rákosa, L Molnár-Hamvas, E Börcsök, J Molnár, K Németh