Your search resulted in 1007 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Biological Treatment to Improve Wood Product Quality and Durability - Fifteen Years of Effort and Experience at FPInnovations-Forintek Division
2009 - IRG/WP 09-40444
Wood plays an important role in the world economy. However, wood is subject to attack from wood-degrading fungi and insects and durability and quality of wood products are becoming increasing concerns for consumers. Development of effective and low environmental impact technologies to improve wood product quality and durability will be required to address these concerns. The application of a bio...
Dian-Qing Yang
Leaching of the copper component from full scale decking boards during one summer season
2009 - IRG/WP 09-50260
The leaching of copper has been tested in laboratory and in outside exposure for freshly treated pine sapwood samples with three different copper preservatives, Cu HDO, copper quat and copper triazoles. We found in the laboratory leaching test that a fixation with warming to 60 °C (140 °F) for 48 hours without drying and then drying in the laboratory in room temperature gave the lowest leaching of copper. We also found that surface treatments with wood oils reduced the leaching, and that washing of the surface before testing had no effect.
Full scale decking board samples (0.25 m2) were then exposed outdoors for rain. The rain water was collected and analysed for copper. After one summer season (about 600 mm rain) we found that the leaching differ for the three preservatives. All samples with a water borne surface treatment had the lowest leaching, about half the amount of untreated.
F G Evans
Differential response of wood to dry air thermal treatment (DATT) and soy oil thermal treatment (SOTT)
2009 - IRG/WP 09-40446
Thermal treatment is an alternative to chemical modification method which has been used to some extent in improving timber quality. In order to get the maximum benefits possible without compromising the various end-use quality requirements of timber, several possibilities have been and are still being investigated in relation to this technique. Clear wood samples (19 x 19 x 150mm) of kiln-dried re...
L Awoyemi
Modification of Wood by a Water-Repellent Compound Used in the Textile Industry: Boron Release and Termite Resistance
2009 - IRG/WP 09-40447
In the study, wood specimens were treated with disodium octoborate tetrahydrate (DOT) and a commercial water and oil repellent compound, FORGUARD M®, a weak cationic emulsion containing dipropylene glycol monomethylether, water and solids in its formulation and used in the textile industry. There were two different processes for preservative treatments: double and single treatments. The leaching ...
S N Kartal, E Terzi, B Erilkun, Y Imamura
Termite resistance of some modified wood species
2009 - IRG/WP 09-40449
During the last few decades, researchers worldwide have investigated and developed new treatment techniques to improve intrinsic wood properties. Some of these techniques were introduced to the market recently and are gaining in importance.. Various wood properties of these new materials have been studied intensively. These include physical-mechanical properties (dimensional stability, moisture ...
H Militz, B C Peters, C J Fitzgerald
Effects of concentration and temperature of CCA and CCB on wood strength of Turkish fir (Abies bornmulleriana Mattf.)
2009 - IRG/WP 09-40450
The purpose of this study was to present evidence for the effects of concentration and temperature of solutions of water-borne preservatives (chromated copper arsenate, CCA and chromated copper boron, CCB) on the static bending properties (modulus of elasticity, MOE and modulus of rupture, MOR) of Turkish fir (Abies bornmulleriana Mattf.). Wood samples were mechanically tested after a mild full ce...
I Usta, M Hale
Microwave Surface Modification of Radiata Pine Peeler Cores for Preservative Treatment
2009 - IRG/WP 09-40453
Radiata pine peeler cores are classified as a by-product derived from the cores of logs left over after the veneer peeling process. The core can be potentially developed for value added solid wood products as it is abundantly available and has a constant diameter. However, the core needs to be preservative treated because of low durability in ground contact. An additional problem is that the wood ...
K Sugiyanto, G Torgovnikov, P Vinden
Wettability and bonding strength of wood thermally-treated with different combinations of soy oil and chemical additives
2009 - IRG/WP 09-40454
Thermal treatment is a method which has gained wider acceptability as an alternative to the chemical treatment in wood preservation. In order to maximize the benefits of this technique several options have been adopted including the use of soy oil in transferring the heat to the wood. Available information on thermal treatment in general and the oil method in particular show that there are still n...
L Awoyemi, P A Cooper, T Ung
Barefoot-heat-impact of oil-heat-treated wood: An important thermal property of decking boards
2009 - IRG/WP 09-40458
In this study the phenomenon of sensual heat impression was examined, when walking with bare feet on sun exposed wood based decking boards. A suitable method for measuring the heat flux from decking boards into an artificial foot was developed. The method and measuring device is described as well as results from measuring three different decking board materials: Oil-heat-treated spruce (OHT), untr...
A O Rapp, C R Welzbacher, C Brischke
Estimating the heat treatment intensity through various properties of thermally modified timber (TMT)
2009 - IRG/WP 09-40459
The suitability of different measures for prediction of the heat treatment intensity was investigated. Therefore, the resistance to impact milling (RIM), the lightness L*, the equilibrium moisture content (EMC), the anti swelling efficiency (ASE) and the total amount of soluble carbohydrates (TSC) of heat treated specimens were correlated with corresponding fungal resistance achieved by heat treat...
C R Welzbacher, C Brischke, A O Rapp
Selection of an appropriate coating system for wooden boats to be used in fresh water
2009 - IRG/WP 09-40472
Properties of several, most commonly used protective low-price coatings, which are used by the pletnja boat owners in Bled, Slovenia, were extensively studied. The aim of this professional, practically oriented study was to compare various coating systems, and to recommend the most suitable one to the boat owners. Regarding specific use conditions, the following properties, including their resista...
M Petrič, B Kričej, A Logar, M Pavlič
The effect of chemical changes on the wood-moisture relationships in thermally-modified wood
2009 - IRG/WP 09-40473
Small specimens of three wood species were thermally modified following twenty schedules in the 190-245°C temperature range for treatment times between 0.3 and 16 h. Five wood-moisture relations were subsequently determined, namely: anti-swelling efficiency (ASE), movement, hygroscopicity (adsorption and desorption), transversal swelling (radial and tangential directions), and equilibrium moistur...
M M González-Peña, M D C Hale
Influence of extractives on durability of Cupressus lusitanica heartwood
2010 - IRG/WP 10-10716
Identification of extractives present in Cupressus lusitanica heartwood has been conducted using GC-MS analyses. The chromatogram of toluene/ethanol extracts indicated the presence of high amounts of benzaldehyde and numerous of terpenic compounds such as cedrol, agathadiol, epimanool, bornyl acetate, -cedrene and -cedrene. Effect of extractives on cypress natural durability has be...
A Mohareb, P Sirmah, L Desharnais, S Dumarçay, M Pétrissans, P Gérardin
The brown rot of oak wood submerged for 6 months in the Baltic sea
2010 - IRG/WP 10-10736
The natural wood submerged or partially immersed in sea water is commonly affected by certain microorganisms. The bacteria and marine borers that decay the wood totally submerged in sea water and above sea level other microorganisms as fungi, algae, insects may attacked wood. The sea water may affect and change the properties of wood. We have tried to determine the susceptibility to decay caused b...
A Fojutowski, A Kropacz, I Pomian
Methods for Studying Penetration Depth of Wood Protection Products
2010 - IRG/WP 10-20432
EN 152 is an accepted standard in Europe for measuring how deep a wood protection product penetrates into the surface of treated pine wood. The method has provided consumers with a wide assortment of products that meet the specifications outlined in the standard. Because the test takes 8 or more months to carry out, artificial ageing procedures have evolved in order to standardize and speed up the...
K Hansen, L Sites, D D Nicholas
Use of Internal Remedial Treatment to Extend Wood Life at the Fort Vancouver National Historic Site
2010 - IRG/WP 10-30525
The condition of wood in a reconstructed fur trading fort was assessed over a 30 year period. Poor initial treatment had resulted in the development of extensive early decay. While supplemental treatment with chloropicrin and methylisothiocyanate had arrested the attack, the results suggested that remedial treatments were unable to completely overcome the initial problems associated with treatmen...
C S Love, C Freitag, J J Morrell
Assessment of Boracol 200RH (FrameSaver) as a remedial treatment to control decay in pre-decayed model timber frame units
2010 - IRG/WP 10-30529
Model timber frame units constructed from untreated radiata pine were pre-wetted to approximately 40% moisture content and inoculated with Coniophora puteana and Oligoporus placenta. Units were transferred to a controlled environment room maintained at 25°C and 95% RH for 7 and 10 weeks to allow two levels of decay to become established in units. Following pre-decay, units were disassembled, clea...
Mick Hedley, Dave Page, Jackie van der Waals
Mobility of Copper from MCQ in Shell-Treated Wood Exposed Above Ground
2010 - IRG/WP 10-30534
Most Canadian treated decking in service has been given just a thin shell of preservative treatment but it has still performed very well. This is because copper migrated into checks and prevented germination of basidiospores on the freshly exposed untreated wood. Unlike soluble copper systems, MCQ has its copper primarily in the form of small basic copper carbonate particles. For MCQ to be effecti...
R Stirling, P I Morris
The Effects of Natural Weathering on the Properties of Heat Treated Alder Wood
2010 - IRG/WP 10-40484
Heat treatment is an effective method to improve the dimensional stability and biological durability of wood. The heat treatment technology and the heat treated wood products were recently introduced to Turkey. However, only a few studies have been reported on the effect of natural weathering on the properties of heat treated wood in both Turkey and the world. In this study, heat treated alder (Al...
S Yildiz, Ü C Yildiz, E D Tomak
Development of markers to predict decay durability of heat treated wood
2010 - IRG/WP 10-40496
Effect of heat treatment temperature on elemental composition of Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris) has been investigated in the range of temperatures between 220 and 250°C. Results revealed an important increase of carbon content, while oxygen content significantly decreases. Independently of the heat treatment temperature, elemental composition is strongly correlated with the mass losses due...
Ž Šušteršic, A Mohareb, M Chaouch, M Pétrissans, M Petric, P Gérardin
TMT–Interlab–Test to establish suitable quality control techniques - Structure and first results
2010 - IRG/WP 10-40503
As a result of growing quality demands from manufacturers and end-consumers of thermally modified timber (TMT) recent scientific research activities are increasingly focussed on modification mechanisms and by this on the development of suitable quality control methods. To deepen the knowledge in modification mechanisms and to obtain a larger variety of scientific data for TMT depending on the trea...
C R Welzbacher
An investigation on some physical properties of oil heat treated poplar wood
2010 - IRG/WP 10-40509
In this study some physical properties of small samples (20×20×20 cm) of poplar wood
(Populus nigra var.pyramidalis) after oil heat treatment with linseed oil was investigated. Two time levels (4.5 & 6 hours) and three temperature stages (180,200 & 220°C) were selected. The results of this study showed significant differences in effects of treatment temperature on physical properties of wood....
B Bazyar, D Parsapajouh, H Khademiesalam
Kinetic Water Vapour Sorption of Sitka Spruce at Variable Temperature Using the Parallel Exponential Kinetics Model
2010 - IRG/WP 10-40512
In this study the water vapour sorption of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bongard) Carr.) was measured using a Dynamic Vapour Sorption (DVS) apparatus and then analysed using the parallel exponential kinetics (PEK) model. The water vapour sorption rate of wood quickly increased when the relative humidity was changed. With the elapse of time, the sorption rate gradually decreased within any specif...
Yanjun Xie, C Hill
Durability of heat treated Malaysian bamboo Gigantochloa scortechinii strips
2010 - IRG/WP 10-40514
Bamboo is one of the fastest growing plants and can be used for various products. In tropical countries such as Malaysia bamboo is abundantly available at reasonable prices, therefore it is used for numerous purposes. However, bamboo (as a lignocellulosic material) is susceptible to fungal and insect attack and it is difficult to protect by preservative treatment. Heat treatment is an option to im...
N Kamarudin, K Sugiyanto
Biological degradation of acetylated wood after 18 years in ground contact and 10 years in marine water
2010 - IRG/WP 10-40522
This paper addresses the resistance to biological degradation of acetylated wood.
Firstly, it presents results from an EN 252 test after 18 years’ exposure. The test is still running in Nordic NWPC test fields, Simlångsdalen in Sweden and Viikki in Finland. Results from this test were presented after 5 years’ exposure ( IRG/WP 97-30139), and showed that the resistance of acetylated wood wit...
P Larsson Brelid, M Westin