Your search resulted in 73 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Preservation of robinia wood (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) stakes by vintners
1982 - IRG/WP 3194
This work discusses decay resistance of robinia wood to fungi Trametes versicolor (L.ex Fr.) Pil. and Coniophora puteana (Schum. ex Fr.) Karst., and also the possibility of influencing its resistance by means of chemical protection. The results showed that natural resistance of robinia wood to these two different agents of wood decay is not the same. It is much less resistant to the fungus Conioph...
R Benko
Preservative ability of wood to be fixed hydroxyl apatite substituted for antimicrobial metals
2001 - IRG/WP 01-30272
We succeeded in forming hydroxy apatite (HAp) in wood. HAp is non-toxicity and safe. Preservative ability of the wood, which substituted one part of Ca of constituent element of this HA p for antibacterial metals was measured. When Ca was substituted for Ag or Zn, mass loss in decay by brown-rot fungus F. palustris was restrained in about 50% (Ag) ~30% (Zn) of value of control specimen. However, w...
Y Haruhiko, I Sumaru
Evaluation of chlorpyrifos and fungicides alone and in combination for control of insects and fungi in wood and wood composites
1998 - IRG/WP 98-30187
Wood composites are rapidly being adapted for use in exterior applications. The incorporation of a preservative system to prevent fungus and insect attack is necessary with most exterior composites. Research studies were reviewed pertaining to organic preservative systems based on Lentrek* insecticide wood treatment which contains the active ingredient chlorpyrifos alone and in combination with te...
M P Tolley, P E Laks, R Fears
Efficacy of anhydrides as wood protection chemicals
1997 - IRG/WP 97-30162
Wood samples treated with anhydrides of various compositions have been examined for their decay resistance and moisture behaviour. For this purpose two brown rot fungi (Coniophora puteana and Gloeophyllum trabeum) and two white rot fungi (Trametes versicolor and Pycnoporus sanguineus) were used in conventional and modified soil block tests. The modified soil block tests conformed to the method as ...
S C Forster, M D C Hale, G R Williams
Evaluating the potential of amine chemicals for use as wood protecting agents. Part 1: Investigation of cation components of quaternary ammonium compounds
1994 - IRG/WP 94-30049
Quaternary ammonium compounds (quats) have shown a great potential as more environmentally acceptable wood preservatives. In order to identify chemicals possessing the wood protecting potential, an evaluation was carried out of a range of commercially available 'quats', using a modified soil block test. Ponderosa pine sapwood blocks were treated with selected 'quat&a...
Hang Tang, J N R Ruddick
Targeted inhibition of wood decay (Using everything but the kitchen sink)
1997 - IRG/WP 97-10203
Low molecular weight oxidative decay agents have been implicated in the degradation of wood by brown-rot decay as evidenced by chemical analysis of brown-rotted wood and detection of oxalic acid and hydroxy radicals. Fenton chemistry (H2O2 / Fe++) is often proposed as the mechanism for generating hydroxy radicals. Previous authors have shown iron to enhance the brown-rot hydrolysis of wood, while ...
F Green III, T A Kuster, T L Highley
Synergistic combination of an antioxidant and wood preservative: a preliminary study
1998 - IRG/WP 98-30172
We previously proposed that extractives in highly durable angiosperm heartwood may protect wood against white-rot fungal colonization and subsequent degradation by a dual mechanism: extractives have some fungicidal activity and are also free radical scavengers (antioxidants) and thus interfere with the fungal free radical degradative mechanisms. We tested this hypothesis using the commercial bioci...
T Schultz, D D Nicholas, J Minn, K D McMurtrey, T H Fisher
Use of compression strength loss for measuring decay in the soil block test
1996 - IRG/WP 96-20083
The possibility of using radial direction compression strength of wood, rather than mass loss, was evaluated for both a brown-rot fungus (Gloeophyllum trabeum) and white-rot fungus (Trametes versicolor). With untreated pine wafers (5 x 19 x 19 mm³ - l x r x t) exposed to Gloeophyllum trabeum in a soil block test for five days, the compression strength loss was nearly 50% compared to a 5% mass los...
D D Nicholas, Zhongwei Jin
Screening wood preservatives: Comparison of the soil block, agar block and agar plate tests
1993 - IRG/WP 93-20001
Several test procedures have been developed over the years to screen potential biocides for their value as wood preservatives. Each test has inherent advantages and disadvantages. In this paper the relative merits of the soil block, agar block and agar plate tests are compared. Eight commercially available biocides encompassing inorganic and organic systems were tested against four basidiomycete d...
K J Archer, D D Nicholas, T Schultz
Biological control of wood decay fungi. - Part II. Effects of exogenous nitrogen on effectiveness
2000 - IRG/WP 00-10360
The effects of nitrogen (urea and ammonium nitrate) on the ability of Trichoderma harzianum to inhibit the enzyme capabilities and decay capacities of Trametes versicolor and Gloeophyllum trabeum were investigated using a small wood sandwich decay test. The biocontrol fungus generally had a greater effect on the brown rot fungus, confirming previous reports. Nitrogen produced inconsistent effects ...
E A Canessa, J J Morrell
Development of threshold values for boron compounds in above ground exposures: Preliminary trials
1998 - IRG/WP 98-30179
Boron is increasingly used both as an initial and remedial treatment for protecting wood against fungal and insect attack. While establishing lethal dosages for boron against insects through feeding tests is relatively simple, establishing thresholds for fungal attack poses more of a challenge. Tests using boron dispersed in agar artificially surround the fungus with both boron and excess nutrient...
J J Morrell, C M Freitag, S Unger
Cation analysis of wood degraded by white and brown rot fungi
1992 - IRG/WP 92-1552
Changes in the concentrations and composition of cations within wood colonized by the brown-rot fungi Postia placenta and Gloeophyllum trabeum and the white-rot fungi Trametes versicolor and Phanaerochaete chrysosporium were analyzed using plasma emission and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In degraded poplar wood significant decreases in pH and electrical resistance readings were observed as...
J Jellison, K C Smith, W T Shortle
Effects of chemical pretreatment of Douglas-fir heartwood on efficacy of potential bioprotection agents
1990 - IRG/WP 1440
Biological protection against wood decay fungi represents an environmentally attractive alternative to the use of chemicals; however, the process of identifying suitable candidates and the conditions that ensure successful protection pose major challenges. One critical aspect of this problem is to identify organisms that can rapidly and uniformly colonize the wood. Wood contains low levels of nutr...
B Dawson-Andoh, J J Morrell
Uptake of copper by mycelium of wood decay fungi growing on copper S-substituted thioglycolate containing nutrient media
1998 - IRG/WP 98-10291
Mycelia of Trametes versicolor, Coniophora puteana and Poria monticola were grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) media, containing various concentrations of copper N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamoylacetate (which may be regarded as a copper S-substituted thioglycolate). The tested copper compound revealed relatively low fungicidal activity. After 13-18 day growing period, we determined concentrations of a...
M Humar, M Petric, F Pohleven, P Kalan
Production of fungal protoplasts from selected wood-degrading fungi
1991 - IRG/WP 1500
Studies of hyphal morphology and the effects of various chemicals on growth are often difficult to perform on filamentous fungi because of the difficulty of observing the protoplasm through the rigid hyphae wall and because most activity occurs in a limited region near the hyphal tip. As an alternative, hyphae can be reacted with certain cell wall degrading enzymes to remove the cell wall to produ...
C Rui, J J Morrell
Diazenes and some organic complexes of boron as potential fungicides for preservation of wood
1999 - IRG/WP 99-30197
Screening for fungicidal activity represents the first step in searching for new active components with enhanced environmental profile in comparison with traditional wood preservatives. Diazenes, their salts, and the salts of the corresponding semicarbazides, as well as several complexes of boron, were screened for fungicidal activity against wood decay fungi Trametes versicolor, Coniophora putean...
M Petric, B Paradiz, J Stern, F Pohleven, S Polanc, B Stefane, R Lenarsic
The effect of woody and non woody plants extractives on microbial resistance of non-durable species
2006 - IRG/WP 06-30392
The effect of Elm (Zelkova carpinifolia), Oak (Quercus castanifolia), Mulberry (Morus alba), Ash (Fraxinus excelsior) as woody plants, Rose (Rosa damascene) and Fumitory (Fumaria sp) as non woody plants extractives on durability of Beech (Fagus orientalis), Maple (Acer insgin), Alder (Alnus subcordata), and Lime (Tilia sp) were studied. First wood species having extractives were cut to small piece...
S M Kazemi, A Hosinzadeh, M B Rezaii
The characteristics of biodegradation mechanism of gamma-irradiated wood
2007 - IRG/WP 07-20352
Gamma radiation, as an easy, fast and effective sterilisation method, changes molecular structure in pest’s living cells, but also in wooden cell walls. Radiation-induced depolymerisation causes significant changes in wood properties crucial for laboratory testing of wood-preservative effectiveness. Natural durability of wood against rot fungi in lab conditions dependency on different sterilisat...
R Despot, M Hasan, F Pohleven, M Humar, G Rep
Effect of fungal attack on maximum load capacity of simulated wall assemblies
2007 - IRG/WP 07-20363
The effects of moisture intrusion and fungal attack on the maximum load capacity of nailed assemblies was investigated using one white and one brown rot fungus against 4 material combinations over a 20 week period. Wetting significantly reduced the maximum load capacity of all four material combinations, while wetting and autoclaving only affected the OSB sheathing/spruce stud. The white rot fung...
N Melencion, J J Morrell
The influence of pentachlorophenol on mycelial growth of wood decay fungi Trametes versicolor, Grifola frondosa, Hypoxylon fragiforme, and Coniophora puteana
2007 - IRG/WP 07-30437
Polychlorinated phenols have been one of the most commonly used biocides. In recent time they have been increasingly eliminated from the marked. Because of their high stability, they are still present in numerous products, including impregnated wood. In our research we studied in vitro the influences of pentachlorophenol and/or sodium pentachlorophenolate on mycelial growth of four wood degrading ...
F Pohleven, B Boh
The effects of chemical modification on the biological properties of alder and spruce particleboards
2007 - IRG/WP 07-40363
This study is evaluated by measuring the weight loss, and the ability of white and brown-rot fungi to attack unmodified and modified particleboards manufactured using spruce (Picea orientalis (L.) Link.) and alder (Alnus glutinosa) chips. The chips were reacted with acetic, succinic, maleic and phthalic anhydride at constant temperature for 3 hours then, hot pressed at 150 °C by using phenol for...
Ü C Yildiz, E Dizman, S Yildiz, A Temiz, M Aslan, E D Gezer
Effect of ozone treatment on survival of termites and wood decay fungi
2007 - IRG/WP 07-40365
There is increased concern about the potential for transport of invasive pests on or in untreated wood. Current regulations utilize heating or fumigation as mitigation tools, but both have drawbacks that have stimulated interest in new phytosanitation methods. Ozone fumigation has been shown to control insects, fungi and bacteria on a variety of agricultural products. Systems for the controlled g...
A M Taylor, L J Mason, J J Morrell
Inducing and Stimulating Spalting in Sugar Maple
2008 - IRG/WP 08-10652
Spalted wood has gained popularity in recent years as consumer preference has shifted towards unique and custom products. The process by which spalting is induced in clear lumber has evolved over time, and now involves much more than beer drinking and outdoor burial. Our work on the process of reliably producing spalted wood began in 2004 and involved testing a wide variety of white rot fungi on...
S C Robinson, D L Richter, P E Laks
A step towards a better understanding of fungal colonization of modified wood - QRT-PCR studies
2008 - IRG/WP 08-10653
The area of wood protection is in a period of change. New wood protection systems have been developed while their mode of action remains insufficiently understood. The development of molecular methods provides potential tools to investigate the interaction between modified wood and decay fungi. One small step to tackle some of the unsolved questions about the mode of action of modified wood is tak...
G Alfredsen, A Pilgård, A Hietala
Natural durability of fast growth plantation Eucalyptus grandis Hill, ex Maiden
2008 - IRG/WP 08-10660
One of the fast growing species cultivated in Uruguay of mayor economical importance is Eucalyptus grandis. Physical and mechanical properties of juvenile and mature wood from different regions have been deeply studied. However, since no scientific data of natural durability of this specie has been reported, natural durability of E. grandis from two sites (Rivera and Rio Negro) was evaluated. Two ...
S Böthig, A Sánchez, J Doldán