Your search resulted in 242 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
The influence of drying and chemical stress on the lignin degradation in aspen by Phanerochaete chrysosporium
1992 - IRG/WP 92-1573
Wood wafers of Populus tremuloides sapwood were incubated on common media with the white rot fungus Phanaerochaete chrysosporium (wild isolate) and subjected to cyclic drying or chemical agents (low levels of borate or trifluoperazine [a calmodulin antagonist]). After a mass loss of approximately 5.5%, wafers were dried and analyzed for acid-insoluble lignin. Those wafers containing chemical agent...
E L Schmidt, Y-L Lin
Influence of hydrophobic agents on the leachability of boron
1995 - IRG/WP 95-30064
Besides its low mammalian toxicity and a broad range of activity towards both fungi and insects, boron shows a high diffusibility, encouraging it to treat wood species of low permeability. However, its difussibility is at the same time responsible for a high risk of leaching, known since long. Nevertheless quantitative data about this process are only rarely available. Therefore, the leaching of b...
A Peylo, H Willeitner
Preservative treatment of rubber wood (Hevea brasiliensis) to increase its service life
2005 - IRG/WP 05-40320
Rubber wood (Hevea brasiliensis) possess excellent properties for interior designing, wood working and furniture making. But it is very much susceptible to sap stain and mould fungi which decreases the service life. For profitable uses , it is necessary to increase the service life of rubber wood. To protect the rubber wood from wood degrading agents, the sawn timber were treated with Borax – b...
K Akhter
Decay and termite resistance of wood treated with boron-containing quaternary ammonia compound, didecyl dimethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate (DBF) incorporated with acryl-silicon type resin
2004 - IRG/WP 04-30334
This study evaluates the decay and termite resistance of surface-treated wood with didecyl dimethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate (DBF) incorporated with acryl-silicon type resin emulsion. DBF is a quaternary ammonia compound and contains boric tetrafluoride (BF4-) as a counter ion in its chemical structure. In the study, DBF was incorporated with an acryl-silicon type resin to increase water-resista...
S N Kartal, W J Hwang, K Shinoda, Y Imamura
BG- an easiest preservative paste and its effective diffusibility in timbers for indoors and outdoors uses
2001 - IRG/WP 01-30253
After application of a newly formulated paste "BG-1" on all surfaces of air-dried lumbers, the boron have been found diffused completely in permeable and impermeable hardwoods at the rate of 12 mm radial thickness per week. The new paste may be a solution to protect lumbers being used or to be used under cover where timber is susceptible to termite and borer attack. The new cost effective paste wa...
A K Lahiry
The efficacy of polymer/preservative treatments in soil-bed exposure
1992 - IRG/WP 92-3729
Southern pine was treated with CCA, CCB, sodium borax/boric acid, or disodiumoctaborate, alone or in combination with an acrylic polymer system containing a water repellent. Treated samples were subjected to an unsterile soil burial test. The addition of polymer reduced the weight loss in borontreated samples at the lower retentions but not at the higher retention. Results with borates indicate th...
R J Murphy, H M Barnes, S M Gray
Leaching of Boron - more than 3 years of field exposure
1997 - IRG/WP 97-30143
The diffusibility of Boron in wood and thus the ability of its leaching is known since long. Nevertheless quantitative data on this process are only rarely available. To overcome this lack of information field exposure tests were started with beam-segments treated with pure boric acid and poles treated with CCB. In addition some of the beam-segments were surface-treated with a varnish to investiga...
A Peylo, H Willeitner
Dip diffusion treatments in the tropics. A preliminary report
1973 - IRG/WP 316
Diffusion treatments based on the use of boric acid alone or in combination with other preservatives are widely used in Australasia (see IRG/WP/310). As part of a general survey covering both temperate and tropical countries, a survey of diffusion treatments in South East Asia, Southern Asia and the South Pacific was carried out, and the results of this survey are reported here. The survey is far ...
C R Levy
Moderate temperature fixation of CCA-C
1989 - IRG/WP 3522
Several Canadian treating plants are using moderate temperature (40-60C°) fixation chambers to reduce drippage and leaching from fresh CCA treated wood. In this study, chromium reduction and surface leaching properties of CCA-C treated red pine (Pinus resinosa) pole sections were monitored during exposure to temperatures of 50-60C° and 90-100% RH conditions. Chromium-VI concentration in the abso...
P A Cooper, Y T Ung
Protection of rubberwood timber. Part 1: Impregnation with boron preservatives
1989 - IRG/WP 3551
Rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) were treated with a 3% proprietary mixture of borax/boric acid using three different treatment schedules i.e. full-cell, full-cell to refusal and full-cell with 12 cycles of vacuum/pressure. Freshly cut samples had mean preservative retentions of 187 kg/m³, 214 kg/m³ and 178 kg/m³ respectively. Pre-air dried samples for one week had retentions of 252 kg/m³, 308 ...
L T Hong, C C K Liew
Gaseous boron treatments of wood and wood products
1992 - IRG/WP 92-3691
Treatment of wood and wood products by gaseous organoborates has now been under study for about 5 years. This technique has potential for boron treatment of a wide range of substrates from solid wood through to wood composite materials such as particleboard or wet and dry formed fibreboards. The vapour treatment technique is proving to be very flexible in that it can be adapted to integrate into a...
A J Bergervoet, R Burton, K Nasheri, D R Page, P Vinden
Fire retardant treated wood and plywood: A comparative study
Part III. Combustion properties of treated wood and plywood
2002 - IRG/WP 02-40236
The fire retardant treated and untreated plywood and alder wood samples were prepared with the aim to investigate the effects of the way of treatment on the combustion properties. Alder wood was used for the preparation of plywood. Boric acid and borax were used as fire retardant. The plywood samples were impregnated by using three different methods; first group samples were impregnated by soaki...
S Çolak, A Temiz, Ü C Yildiz, G Çolakoglu
Development of threshold values for boron compounds in above ground exposures: Preliminary trials
1998 - IRG/WP 98-30179
Boron is increasingly used both as an initial and remedial treatment for protecting wood against fungal and insect attack. While establishing lethal dosages for boron against insects through feeding tests is relatively simple, establishing thresholds for fungal attack poses more of a challenge. Tests using boron dispersed in agar artificially surround the fungus with both boron and excess nutrient...
J J Morrell, C M Freitag, S Unger
Silicic acid-Boric acid complexes as wood preservatives
2001 - IRG/WP 01-30273
A silicic acid monomer aqueous solution (SAMS) or colloidal silicic acid solution (CSAS) was combined with various metal compounds or boric acid. Agents where SAMS or CSAS was combined with boric acid gave good protection against decay caused by the brown-rot fungus Fomitopsis palustris, the treated wood (Cryptomera japonica D. Don) specimens after the leaching test maintained a high resistance to...
H Yamaguchi
Economical schedule for boron treatment of rubber wood: Pilot plant investigations
1993 - IRG/WP 93-40002
An economical treatment schedule (15 minutes initial vacuum of 85 kPa; 15 minutes pressure of 1000 kPa; 5 minutes final vacuum of 85 kPa) was arrived at for treating air-dried rubber wood (Hevea brasiliensis) in a pilot plant cylinder. Treating with 3% BAE (boric acid equivalent) solution resulted in a dry salt retention of 13.1 kg/m³. Also, the study showed that green rubber wood can be treated ...
R Gnanaharan, T K Dhamodaran
Bibliography on the use of boron compounds for the preservation of wood
1973 - IRG/WP 315
This bibliography is based on an earlier literature survey prepared by J. Thornton and Wm. E. Bruce (O.E.C.D. Document No. 27/DAS/CSI/M/91) which was enlarged and revised for a meeting in Paris in October 1968 (Document 27/DAS/CSI/M554) by Professor W. Bavendamm of Reinbek. The latter (1968) document with its 166 references has now been extended and brought up to date. Acknowledgments are due to B...
R Cockcroft, J F Levy
Performance of groundline bandage remedial treatments in western US species transmission poles
1993 - IRG/WP 93-30019
Groundline bandages are an important element in remedial treatment strategies for utility poles in the United States. Several bandages containing new or reformulated components have recently been developed but have not been adequately tested. This paper reports on the degree of diffusion of copper naphthenate, boron, and sodium fluoride from groundline bandages into pressuretreated Douglas-fir, po...
P G Forsyth, J J Morrell
The influence of drilling patterns on the distribution of toxicants from Polesaver Rods in hardwood poles
1994 - IRG/WP 94-30051
Polesaver Rods are solid rods of wood preservative that are used as a groundline maintenance treatment to control biodeterioration in hardwood transmission poles in Australia. The rods are inserted in holes that are drilled in a prescribed manner to distribute the toxicants into the critical groundline region of the poles. To determine the influence of drilling patterns on the distribution of toxi...
W D Gardner, C N McEvoy
On the use of probit analysis for assessing the toxicity of wood preservatives
1974 - IRG/WP 244
To elucidate the general character of the action of the toxic material on the fungus, it is sufficient to carry out preservative tests using the previously described procedure, but in doing so, it is necessary somewhat to change the number of specimens and their arrangement in jars. Five concentrations of toxic material are tested simultaneously. For the testing of one preservative ten jars should...
D A Belenkov
Standard and accelerated testing of boron-additive wood protection systems
2005 - IRG/WP 05-30381
The main objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of boron-additive protection systems for above ground applications by means of field testing. The two field test procedures used are based on the L-joint test described in the European standard EN 330. For the first set up the boron treated timber was coated in accordance with the standard EN 330 system. The second set up is ba...
A Mohareb, J Van Acker, M Stevens
Tool wear for vapor boron-treated composites
2001 - IRG/WP 01-40209
A series of composites, including oriented strandboard and medium density fiberboard, were treated via vapor boron technology. Treated samples were compared to untreated composites using a tool force measuring technique. Tool forces measured with a dynamometer indicated a positive effect of boron addition. Visual and SEM examination indicated a wider wear zone on the rake face of the tool for the ...
W A Jones, H M Barnes, H A Stewart, R J Murphy
Borates as wood preserving compounds: The status of research in the United States
1989 - IRG/WP 3542
This paper describes the extensive, on-going cooperative research effort among government and university research laboratories and industry to fully evaluate the potential for borates as wood preservatives in the United States. Research is discussed in terms of laboratory evaluations, field testing and mill trials, pilot plant pressure treatment studies, and remedial treatments. Future research pl...
H M Barnes, T L Amburgey, L H Williams, J J Morrell
Biological resistances of wood-metaborate composites using the borax solution system
2001 - IRG/WP 01-30259
Combinations of wood and metaborate composite were prepared from sapwood specimens of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) and the borax and metallic salts system using the diffusion-penetrated process. Wood-metaborate composites were produced as follows: water-saturated specimens were first impregnated by a saturated borax solution and then diffuse-penetrated with Zn2+, Ca2+, or Pb2+ solution. B...
Liang Lin, T Furuno
Tilting and vacuum treatment - two methods to obtain a non-dripping freshly treated timber
1989 - IRG/WP 3535
Modern impregnation plants are designed to prevent spread of impregnation solutions from the plant through leakage, etc. It is also important that freshly treated timber does not spread solutions through dripping on the storage area. To prevent this, the impregnation procedure is terminated with a vacuum period. In many plants in Sweden this period is minimized or even excluded to gain time. Inste...
I Johansson, M-L Edlund
A comparison of the diffusion of boron from two types of solid preservative rods into the heartwood of 3 Eucalypt pole species
2000 - IRG/WP 00-30227
The ability of boron to diffuse from polyborate and boron/fluoride rods through the heartwood of three eucalypt pole species (blackbutt, red ironbark and spotted gum) was examined. The aim was simply to determine the effects of rod type, wood species and time on the longitudinal diffusion of boron in eucalypt heartwood. Rapid diffusion of boron from polyborate or boron/fluoride preservative rods o...
P J Beutel, P D Evans