Your search resulted in 465 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Pretreatment decay in air-seasoning Scots and Corsican pine poles in England
1989 - IRG/WP 1390
British grown Scots and Corsican pine poles were sampled for colonization by basidiomycetes after air-seasoning for 6 to 9, or 16 to 20 months. The amount of infection present in these poles was compared with that in poles which were imported from Finland. After 6 to 9 months seasoning, the British grown pine poles were heavily infected with Peniophora gigantea, Cylindrobasidium evolvens, Stereum ...
A R Zahora, D J Dickinson
The efficacy of polymer/preservative treatments in soil-bed exposure
1992 - IRG/WP 92-3729
Southern pine was treated with CCA, CCB, sodium borax/boric acid, or disodiumoctaborate, alone or in combination with an acrylic polymer system containing a water repellent. Treated samples were subjected to an unsterile soil burial test. The addition of polymer reduced the weight loss in borontreated samples at the lower retentions but not at the higher retention. Results with borates indicate th...
R J Murphy, H M Barnes, S M Gray
The effect of of sorbitol on the decay of boric acid treated Scots pine
1991 - IRG/WP 1509
The tetra-hydroxy borate ion is known to undergo complexation with polyols of biological importance and probably protects treated timber by this action. The inhibitory effect of boric acid upon fungal growth and dehydrogenases has been shown to be prevented by the addition of certain polyols. This work was extended, with a study of the effects of a polyol on the performance of boric acid in treate...
J D Lloyd, D J Dickinson, R J Murphy
Sentry®), a new antisapstain formulation for protecting logs and lumber. - Part 1: advances in protection of New Zealand radiata pine logs
1999 - IRG/WP 99-30188
Until recently antisapstain formulations gave approximately 10 weeks protection to radiata pine logs and even within this time frame protection was often not consistent. Industry requires 20 weeks protection. The degree of protection sought by industry is in the order of 90-95%. For example, this equates to a maximum of 5 - 10% surface cover of sapstain in the first whole veneer produced from a pe...
R N Wakeling, D R Eden, C M Chittenden, J G Van der Waals, B Carpenter, I Dorset, R Kuluz, J Wakeman, T Price, B Nairn
Inhibitory effects of leachates from Scots pine wood on germination of some wood rotting fungi
1986 - IRG/WP 1282
Leachates from sapwood of Pinus sylvestris inhibited or reduced the germination of basidiospores of the wood decay fungi tested. The fungi were selected among those preferentially colonizing hardwood or softwood, representatives for brown rot and white rot fungi, early basidiomycete colonizers and late basidiomycete colonizers in above-ground parts of pine as well as fungi found in high frequencie...
J Bjurman
Mould growth at lumber surfaces of pine after kiln and air drying
1994 - IRG/WP 94-40033
Distribution of water soluble substances in green wood and later redistribution during drying is of importance for the colonisation of wood by microorganisms. According to literature the availability of nitrogenous materials is probably a major limiting factor to the microbial colonisation of wood. King et al. (1974) and Oxley et al. (1976) have shown correlation between surface nutrient concentra...
N Terziev, J Bjurman, J B Boutelje
Natural durability of larch heartwood against decay
1997 - IRG/WP 97-10201
Larch heartwood has been promoted in Sweden and in other European countries as an alternative to preservative treated timber. It has even beeen stated that larch heartwood is more durable than preservative treated timber. This paper presents a compilation of facts from scientific reports on the durability of larch heartwood. Some recent data from this department are also reported. All data suggest...
T Nilsson
Solid state NMR study on pine wood degraded by brown rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum
1994 - IRG/WP 94-10067
Blocks of Pinus koraiensis wood were degraded by Gloeophyllum trabeum and examined by solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy. Chemical compositions were estimated from relative signal aras. There was no evidence for preferential degradation of the noncrystalline cellulose which accounted for about 4% by weight of the wood. Loss of partly ordered cellulose on crystal surfaces exceeded the loss of crystal...
Yoon Soo Kim, R Newman
Sediment toxicity study of marine piles treated with CCA-C
1995 - IRG/WP 95-50040-35
A study was undertaken to demonstrate the effects of 10-day exposure to sediments mixed with leachate from chromated copper arsenate Type-C (CCA-C) southern pine marine piles treated to a retention of 40 kg/m³ (2.5 pcf) and untreated southern pine piles on the benthic amphipod, Ampelisca abdita. The biological endpoint used to establish effects was organism survival. Leachate obtained during a 28...
W J Baldwin, E A Pasek, P D Osborne
Field studies investigating the efficacy of biological treatments in preventing decay of freshly-felled pine
1993 - IRG/WP 93-10022
Four species of fungi (Trichoderma viride, Ascocoryne sarcoides, Potebniamyces conifererum and Cryptosporiopsis terraconensis) and sterile distilled water were applied separately to unpeeled, freshly-felled pine billets. The fungi were all in the form of concentrated aqueous spore suspensions, and were spread onto the end-grains of the logs by brush. Destructive sampling of the billets was carried...
M W Schoeman, D J Dickinson
Oxidation of wood components during CCA-C fixation
1993 - IRG/WP 93-30024
Pre-extracted radial sections of southern yellow pine sapwood were treated with CCA-C and analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The ratio of C1 (carbon bonded to carbon and/or hydrogen) to C2 (carbon bonded to one oxygen) in XPS Cls spectra was taken as a measure of the progress of oxidation of wood components during CCA fixation. This ratio was 0.82 before CCA treatment and increase...
M Kaldas, P A Cooper
Molecular phylogeny of Ophiostoma spp. related to blue-stain in pine
2002 - IRG/WP 02-10432
Blue-stain in coniferous woods is an economically important disease in many temperate countries, caused specially by genus Ophiostoma. Classical taxonomy of genus Ophiostoma is limited for the correct identification of many species, because of the similar macroscopic and microscopic characters, as well as the existence of some species complex. Molecular identification is a good complement to eluci...
M Villarreal, F Arenal, J Sánchez-Ballesteros, M T De Troya, F Llinares, V Rubio, A Navarrete
Differentiation of Scots pine heartwood and sapwood by near infrared spectroscopy
2003 - IRG/WP 03-10459
In Scandinavia Scots pine heartwood has, in recent years, gained popularity as material for external structures exposed to moderate risk of decay. As non-durable sapwood surrounds the heartwood in pine trunks it is of crucial importance to separate this wood from the heartwood during log processing into heartwood products. Heartwood and sapwood can be differentiated by visual evaluation of colour ...
P O Flæte, E Ystrøm Haartveit
Estimation of the impregnation degree of pine wood by the distribution analysis of active ions concentration in the cross-section
1999 - IRG/WP 99-20174
Samples in the form of pine wood rollers of diversified moisture content of ca. 50, 28 and 12% were impregnated with a water solution of the mixture type CCB with the use of the full-cell process. Moisture content was determined in individual layers from the girth to the pith. In the same way the concentrations of copper and chromium ions with the use of the spectrophotometric method and recalcula...
K Lutomski, B Mazela
Marine performance of preservative treated Southern pine panels. - Part 1: Exposure in Newport, Oregon
2000 - IRG/WP 00-10368
The ability of selected wood preservative to protect southern pine sapwood against marine borer attack was evaluated over a 6 year period in Yaquina Bay, Oregon. The site exposed the wood to potential attack by both Teredo navalis and Limnoria spp. Both creosote and CCA provided excellent protection at moderate retentions, while ACQ produced slight differences in performance depending on the coppe...
R G Rhatigan, J J Morrell, A R Zahora
Colonization of treated and untreated ponderosa pine exposed in Hilo, Hawaii
1995 - IRG/WP 95-20068
The rate of decay in above ground exposures is largely controlled by rainfall and temperature, factors which can be used to construct a climate index of decay hazard in above ground exposures. Developers of new biocide formulations have utilized this knowledge by establishing test sites in sub-tropical regions such as the Gulf Coast of the United States. More recently, field sites have been locate...
C M Freitag, J J Morrell, K J Archer
Fouling assemblage development on copper-chromium-arsenic-treated timber submerged in European waters
2002 - IRG/WP 02-50181
The effect of the anti-marine-borer timber preservative CCA on community development of non-target marine fouling animals was investigated. Panels of Scots pine treated to target retentions of 12, 24 and 48 kg CCA per m3 of wood, plus untreated controls were submerged at seven coastal sites (Portsmouth, UK; La Tremblade (2 sites), France; Ria Formosa, Portugal; Sagres, Portugal; Kristineberg, Swed...
C Brown, R J Eaton, S M Cragg, P Goulletquer, A Nicolaidou, M J Bebianno, J Icely, G F Daniel, T Nilsson, A J Pitman, G Sawyer
Defacement of freshly sawn Corsican pine lumber by sapstain and mould fungi and the influence of arthropods
1997 - IRG/WP 97-10227
In a trial to study the arthropods associated with sapstain and mould fungi, freshly sawn Corsican pine (Pinus nigra var. maritima (Aiton) Melville) boards were block stacked at a local sawmill. Each stack was constructed in a nest arrangement with smaller boards in experimental tanks, positioned in the centre of the stacks. Boards were converted from a stock of sawlogs at monthly intervals, to pr...
N J Strong, J F Webber, R A Eaton
Effect of compression wood on leaching of chromium, copper, and arsenic from CCA-C treated red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.)
2000 - IRG/WP 00-30232
In this study, the effect of compression wood formation on the release rate of chromium, copper, and arsenic elements from red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait) was investigated. Wood blocks from red pine containing compression and normal wood portions were treated with a 1.0% CCA-C solution and were then allowed to fix at 23 ± ??2°C (74 ± 4°F) for 0, 6, 24, 48, 96, 192, and 336 hours. After each fixa...
S N Kartal, S T Lebow
The influence of causing primary blue-stain fungus Ceratocystis imperfecta on selected properties of Scots pine wood
2002 - IRG/WP 02-10425
The effects of development in wood the fungi causing blue-stain on the wood properties are not univocal. There were been undertaken investigation to clear the influence of such fungi on selected physical and mechanical properties of Scots pine wood.
Wet sap wood samples of fresh cut Scots pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) were infested with pure culture of Ceratocystis imperfecta Mill. et Grenz and...
A Fojutowski
Effect of Pseudomonas cepacia on the activity of a mixture of wood staining fungi on ponderosa pine sapwood
1995 - IRG/WP 95-10107
There are major incentives for limiting the degree of fungal discoloration which occurs during wood processing. Most lumber producers apply prophylactic fungicides which limit microbial growth, but increasing restrictions on the use of these chemicals have encouraged the search for alternative stain prevention strategies. Among the possible strategies for stain prevention is biological control. Wh...
J J Morrell, R K Velicheti
Chemical Analysis of Southern Pine Pole Stubs Thirteen Months Following Treatment with Three Methylisothiocyanate Based Commercial Fumigants
2002 - IRG/WP 02-30294
Agricultural fumigants have been commercially used in the United States for over 20 years to control internal decay in utility poles and other wooden structures. Of the four fumigants which are currently used in the remedial treatment of utility poles, three are based on methylisothiocyanate (MITC) as being the principal fungitoxic component. Two of these MITC based fumigants, liquid metham sodi...
R J Ziobro, T C Anderson, D J Herdman, J Guzzetta, T Pope
Kerfing and center-boring reduce checking in CCA-treated slash pine posts
1997 - IRG/WP 97-40082
Single and double kerfing, center-boring and incising were applied to green, peeled, slash pine posts. Posts were air dried for ten weeks and assessed for the number of surface drying checks greater than 1.0 mm in width. Posts were then pressure treated with a chromated-copper-arsenate (CCA-C) preservative and exposed outdoors in a horizontal position. The number of surface weathering checks in th...
P D Evans, R Wingate-Hill, R B Cunningham
Microdistribution of Copper in Copper-Ethanolamine (Cu-EA) Treated Southern Yellow Pine (Pinus spp.) related to density distribution
2004 - IRG/WP 04-40270
The relationship between copper absorption and density distribution in wood cell walls was investigated in this study. The density distribution on layer level was obtained from two approaches: (1) calculation by using data obtained from literature; (2) microdistribution of carbon and oxygen atoms in the wood cell. The microdistribution of carbon and oxygen in untreated southern yellow pine (Pinus ...
Jinzhen Cao, D P Kamdem, E Pasek
Mechanical properties of CCA-treated southern pine after post-treatment kiln drying
1989 - IRG/WP 3543
This report reviews current research dealing with the effects of waterborne preservative treatment and redrying on the mechanical properties of wood. In general, waterborne preservative treatments reduce average mechanical properties. This effect is exaggerated when treated wood is kiln-dried after treatment, especially at elevated temperatures. For lumber, recently completed research at the Missi...
H M Barnes, J E Winandy