Your search resulted in 405 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Developments in unsterile soil soft rot testing
1984 - IRG/WP 2210
Two unsterile soil test methods, the soil burial technique and a method using vermiculite burial with soil inoculation, were compared using different soils to determine their effectiveness in evaluation of wood preservatives against soft rot. Isolation of fungi and microscopy of decayed wood indicated that both methods produced accelerated soft rot attack in treated and untreated birch. Vermiculit...
P A McKaig
Which substrate to use in a laboratory test with soft rot micro-fungi: vermiculite or unsterile soil?
1991 - IRG/WP 2372
A draft European Standard is being proposed by CEN TC 38 in which a vermiculite-burial and a soil-burial test to be carried out in succession are required. Various experiments with both procedures were set up with CCA, CC and propiconazole-formulations. The results show that vermiculite and unsterile soil yield comparable threshold values against soft rot. This poses the question of whether a two-...
A R Valcke
Collaborative soft rot tests: Statistical treatment of results of soil analyses
1971 - IRG/WP 29
Institutes taking part in the collaborative experiments already reported forwarded samples of the soils employed in the tests to the Forest Products Research Laboratory, England. The soils were then autoclaved sterilised under uniform conditions and sent to the Department of Forest Soils, the Royal College of Forestry, Stockholm, Sweden. The results of the soil analyses are given in Table 1, toget...
A F Bravery
Collaborative soft rot tests: Tests conducted at Princes Risborough and Delft on soil samples from collaborating laboratories
1972 - IRG/WP 210
The laboratories which took part in the original collaborative soft rot test (Savory and Bravery, Holz u Org 5 (1) 58-90, 1970) sent samples of the soil used in the original test to Princes Risborough. Portions of this material were sent to Dr Hof for soil analyses at TNO and the remainder was employed at Princes Risborough for the conduct of comparative tests of soil virulence when used as a comb...
J G Savory
The efficacy of polymer/preservative treatments in soil-bed exposure
1992 - IRG/WP 92-3729
Southern pine was treated with CCA, CCB, sodium borax/boric acid, or disodiumoctaborate, alone or in combination with an acrylic polymer system containing a water repellent. Treated samples were subjected to an unsterile soil burial test. The addition of polymer reduced the weight loss in borontreated samples at the lower retentions but not at the higher retention. Results with borates indicate th...
R J Murphy, H M Barnes, S M Gray
Weathering of copper-amine treated wood
2000 - IRG/WP 00-40155
Copper ethanolamine (Cu-EA) treated southern pine (SP) were artificially weathered with a QUV Weathering Tester. The weathering regime was composed of a continuous UV-light irradiation for 2 hours followed by a water spray for 18 minutes for a total time of 1200 hours. The changes on the surface of the weathered samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis,...
J Zhang, D P Kamdem
Dura-Treet II, a water dispersible pentachlorophenol
1980 - IRG/WP 3165
During the past several decades, penta petroleum wood treating has become increasingly popular. Penta is an effective chemical compound against wood organisms causing decay and rot, is safe to handle, also clean and easy to use. In terms of preservative cost, it has been and remains by far the least expensive of the three major preservatives. However, when the cost of petroleum carrier is added, t...
D B Hatcher
The use of selective media for studying the colonization of wood in ground contact by microorganisms
1978 - IRG/WP 186
In October1976 a field trial was set up in order to monitor the progressive colonisation of wood in ground contact using orientated small stakes of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and birch (Betula sp.) (30 x 45 x 250 mm³). Half the number of each species were treated with a 1% solution of CCA by a vacuum impregnation process. All the stakes were coated on three sides with an epoxy-resin sealant to...
C P Clubbe
Use of compression strength loss for measuring decay in the soil block test
1996 - IRG/WP 96-20083
The possibility of using radial direction compression strength of wood, rather than mass loss, was evaluated for both a brown-rot fungus (Gloeophyllum trabeum) and white-rot fungus (Trametes versicolor). With untreated pine wafers (5 x 19 x 19 mm³ - l x r x t) exposed to Gloeophyllum trabeum in a soil block test for five days, the compression strength loss was nearly 50% compared to a 5% mass los...
D D Nicholas, Zhongwei Jin
Mobility and bioavailability of wood preservation chemicals in soil - actual field measurements
1998 - IRG/WP 98-50101-11
Wood material intended for outdoor use is often impregnated with chemicals to withstand attack from fungi and bacteria. Both inorganic and organic substances are used to protect the wood, and they are used in a toxic and bioavailable form. At wood preservation facilities severe soil contamination can be encountered due to spills and deposition of sludge, especially at old sites. Two sites, one whe...
S Andersen, G Rasmussen
A novel chemical barrier system, KORDON® TMB, for the protection of buildings against subterranean termites using a synthetic matrix as carrier for the chemical
1998 - IRG/WP 98-10264
Kordon TMB is a new chemical barrier system for installation beneath concrete slab-on-ground constructions using a matrix other than soil as carrier for the termiticide. The product consists of a synthetic foraminous web (blanket) carrying the synthetic pyrethroid deltamethrin. The blanket is laminated on the upper side to a standard 0.2mm thick moisture vapour membrane of low density polyethylene...
M Lenz, P Morrow, S Runko
Screening wood preservatives: Comparison of the soil block, agar block and agar plate tests
1993 - IRG/WP 93-20001
Several test procedures have been developed over the years to screen potential biocides for their value as wood preservatives. Each test has inherent advantages and disadvantages. In this paper the relative merits of the soil block, agar block and agar plate tests are compared. Eight commercially available biocides encompassing inorganic and organic systems were tested against four basidiomycete d...
K J Archer, D D Nicholas, T Schultz
Optimisation of an analytical method for the determination of total fluoride in preservative-contaminated soils using water steam distillation and an ion-selective electrode
1999 - IRG/WP 99-20153
This paper describes a simple modified procedure for the quantitative fluoride determination of different origin in a soil matrix using a water steam distillation and an ion-selective electrode. Distillation methods generally require a preliminary preparation step like fusing. The modified method presented here is based on the direct distillation of fluoride so that no further sample preparation i...
E Melcher
Ammoniacal wood preservatives for use in non-pressure treatment of spruce and aspen poplar. Part 2
1984 - IRG/WP 3274
A series of thermal diffusion treatments were carried out on unseasoned white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) lumber and air dry aspen poplar (Populus tremuloides Michx.) timbers using an ammoniacal copper arsenate wood preservative. Under the specific conditions described, certain charges of lumber met the present Canadian Standards Association Wood Preservation Committee's requireme...
C D Ralph, J K Shields
The performance of chlorothalonil after 4.5 years in the accelerated field simulator
1994 - IRG/WP 94-30041
The decay resistance of chlorothalonil in oil was examined in an accelerated field simulator (AFS). Pinus radiata D. Don and Eucalyptus regnans F. Muell. sapwood stakes were treated, placed in soil in the AFS, and monitored over 4.5 years. CCA type C treated stakes were included for comparison. Water and toluene treated control stakes were heavily decayed after 1-2.5 years. Oil treated controls, t...
L J Cookson
Colonization of treated and untreated ponderosa pine exposed in Hilo, Hawaii
1995 - IRG/WP 95-20068
The rate of decay in above ground exposures is largely controlled by rainfall and temperature, factors which can be used to construct a climate index of decay hazard in above ground exposures. Developers of new biocide formulations have utilized this knowledge by establishing test sites in sub-tropical regions such as the Gulf Coast of the United States. More recently, field sites have been locate...
C M Freitag, J J Morrell, K J Archer
Assessing health risks to occupants following remedial insecticidal treatment of timber in dwellings
1998 - IRG/WP 98-50101-27
Experiments have been carried out to assess (i) the aerial concentrations of volatile wood preservative constituents, and (ii) the potential for contamination from treated surfaces, following in situ insecticidal treatment of timbers in dwellings. Using white spirit as a model for volatile constituents in the treatment of free-standing, wood-lined chambers indicated that temperature and air exchan...
R J Orsler, E D Suttie, V Rijckaert
The influence of staining fungi on the decay resistance of wood treated with alkylammonium compounds
1984 - IRG/WP 3308
Although found to be very effective in laboratory tests, alkylammonium compounds (AAC's) have failed to perform as well in field stake tests. Examination of leachability showed that this was not the cause. The present study investigated the possibility that staining fungi, (which have been observed to rapidly infect the field stakes), degrade the AAC wood preservative. Soil-blocks were tr...
J N R Ruddick
Performance of copper-chrome formulations in ground contact in five test sites in New Zealand
1996 - IRG/WP 96-30113
Copper-chrome-arsenate (CCA), copper-chrome-boron (CCB), copper-chrome-fluoride (CCF) and copper-chrome-phosphate (CCP) have been tested at four retentions each in ground contact (25 x 50 x 500 mm³ radiata pine sapwood stakes) for 16 years in five test sites in New Zealand. Results to date show that test site characteristics have a marked effect on relative performance. In a warm and wet site (an...
M E Hedley, R N Wakeling, J Foster, B E Patterson
Quality and safety scheme for wood in food contact
1995 - IRG/WP 95-50040-11
When there is no tolerance concerning the content in food of potential contaminants the scheme is limited to a ban of any contaminant with objectives of undetectable amounts at the limits of detection of the chemical analysis. When some tolerances exist, there is a need to check the compliance of a production to such requirements, putting in place the necessary prevention of any accidental situati...
G Deroubaix
In ground performance of wood treated with a substituted isothiazolone
1990 - IRG/WP 3612
Isothiazolones (I.T.A.'s) are a class of biocides that have potential for use as wood preservatives. The substituted ITA, RH-287, (4,5,dichloro-2-n-octyl-isothiazolone-3-one) is being evaluated as a broad spectrum wood preservative. The evaluation program includes in ground stake tests which were established at two test sites in Mississippi, USA The tests used southern yellow pine treated...
L E Leightley, D D Nicholas
Evaluation of polymeric alkylphenol polysulfide as a new wood preservative compound
2000 - IRG/WP 00-30251
At the 30 th IRG meeting held in Rosenheim, Bavaria, Germany, we reported on a Polymeric Alkylphenol Polysulfide (PXTS) which shows potential as a new non-leachable, environmentally compatible wood preservative compound exhibiting excellent biocidal efficacy. Comparative soil-block test results showed that PXTS was twice as effective as Creosote when evaluated against both white- and brown-rot fun...
J Goswami, A Abramson, R Buff, D D Nicholas
The content and mobility of copper, chromium and arsenic in the soil of a wood preserving plant using CCA
1998 - IRG/WP 98-50122
Analyses were carried out on soil and water samples obtained from a wood preserving plant using CCA-type preservatives. The plant has been in operation since 1969. The soil samples were obtained on 8 points from 4 different depths. The estimation of the type of soil was followed by investigations of copper, chromium and arsenic contents, and the mobility of these elements. The soil samples were al...
N Erdin, S N Kartal, A Dilek Dogu, M O Engür
A laboratory evaluation of tributyltin ethanesulphonate as an aqueous fungicide in wood preservation
1983 - IRG/WP 3229
Toxic limit data, using both leached and unleached wood test blocks, are reported for aqueous solutions of tributyltin ethanesulphonate against four Basidiomycete fungi, Poria placenta, Gloeophyllum trabeum, Coriolus versicolor and Coniophora puteana. An in situ study of the tributyltin compound in Scots pine and ponderosa pine sapwood has been carried out, using the technique of 119mSn Mössbauer...
R Hill, P J Smith, J N R Ruddick, K W Sweatman
Remediation of wood treatment sites in Finland
1999 - IRG/WP 99-50139
Finnish legislation in connection with soil contamination are firstly waste management legislation and secondly public health legislation and water legislation. There is no separate legislation concerning soil protection or remediation. The Ministry of the Environment has published a proposal for official contaminant guideline values to be used both as criteria for contamination and clean-up targe...
S Salonen