Your search resulted in 1001 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
The effect of soil pre-exposure on the results of laboratory Basidiomycete testing
1991 - IRG/WP 2385
Scots pine sapwood blocks were treated with several concentrations of copper chrome arsenic (CCA), copper chrome boron (CCB) and a copper modified quaternary ammonium compound (CMAAC). Leached and unleached samples were exposed in a basidiomycete monoculture test using Coniophora puteana, a copper tolerant brown rot. Prior to testing half of the blocks were buried in unsterile soil for 4 weeks. Th...
S M Gray
The density factor in termite bioassays
1985 - IRG/WP 1252
The initial and final floor surface and food block surface actually used by termites in a small container were converted to estimates of "Living Space" and "Feeding Space" densities for 1/32 to 1½ g groups of termites. The termites were provided with blocks of blotter paper as a food supply. Except where 1½ g groups exhausted the food, the survival of termites was uniformly high (averaging >9...
G R Esenther
Glue laminated poles - Progress report after 12 years' testing
1992 - IRG/WP 92-3685
In 1979 a number of glued laminated poles treated with CCA and creosote were placed in a greenhouse at Uppsala, at the Simlångsdalen test field in southern Sweden and under a power line just south of the Arctic circle in order to study their resistance against biological degradation. The tests have shown that the comparatively best performance will be obtained if each laminate is first treated wi...
J Jermer, Ö Bergman
Hydrolysis of bordered pits during colonization of conifers by brown-rot fungi
1995 - IRG/WP 95-10103
Brown-rot decay results in rapid reduction in degree of polymerization (DP) of holocellulose with concomitant strength loss (MOR) without removing lignin. Development of new methods of wood protection will require focusing on early events in the sequence of depolymerization. Bordered pit membranes (sapwood) represent a readily available source of non-lignified carbohydrate, ie. pectin and cellulos...
F Green III, J L Tschernitz, T A Kuster, T L Highley
The involvement of extracellular substances for the generation of hydroxyl radical during wood degradation by white-rot fungi
1997 - IRG/WP 97-10218
The activities of one-electron oxidation, hydroxyl radical generation, and phenol oxidase during the incubation of cultures of four white-rot fungi containing either glucose or wood were periodically measured. Further, their degradation activities against wood were examined during the course of cultivation. The generation of hydroxyl radical was correlated to the activity of wood degradation and i...
H Tanaka, S Itakura, A Enoki
A new concept for the evaluation of wood durability for out of ground contact using accelerated L-joint testing
1997 - IRG/WP 97-20123
Since the wood preservation sector is developing in favour of defining exactly the utilization of wood products and preservation techniques as a function of the envisaged hazard class, more in particular the hazard classes 3 and 4 (EN 350) there is obviously a need for a test method evaluating natural durability for out of ground contact applications. Based on the L-joint test as described in the ...
J Van Acker, M Stevens
Antagonistic properties of Gliocladium virens against wood attacking fungi
1996 - IRG/WP 96-10162
Gliocladium virens has shown good antagonism against decay fungi in agar medium and in wood blocks. Gliotoxin produced by Gliocladium virens is associated with biocontrol of some plant diseases, but its importance to biocontrol of wood-attacking fungi is unknown. We investigated the ability of gliotoxin-producing (GLT+) isolates of Gliocladium virens and gliotoxin-deficient (GLT-) mutants of Glioc...
T L Highley, H S Ananthapadmanabha, C R Howell
European standardization for wood preservation. Progress report 91-92
1992 - IRG/WP 92-2398
Since the IRG 22 conference in Kyoto, CEN/TC 38 Plenary met twice in relation with several working group meetings. 5 upon 6 of the interpretative documents have been prepared by adhoc groups of the Standing Committee for Construction within the scope of the 89/106/EEC directive on Construction Products. The expected requirements attached to wood preservation are both requirements 1) and 3): 1) mec...
R Hüe
Micromorphology of oak wood degraded by brown rot fungus Coniophora puteana
2000 - IRG/WP 00-10356
To characterize the degradation of hardwood by brown rot fungus, Coniophora puteana was incubated on the wood blocks of Quercus accutissima. For comparison, the same fungus was also incubated on the pine wood blocks of Pinus densiflora. In softwood, the shape of the wood cells and thickness of the cell appeared unchanged even the loss of birefringence in the affected areas. In contrast, oak wood d...
Yoon Soo Kim, Seung-Gon Wi, Kwang-Ho Lee
Biodetioration and strength reductions in preservative treated aspen waferboard
1983 - IRG/WP 2195
Experimental aspen waferboards, bonded with liquid or powdered phenol formaldehyde resins and treated by various methods with a wide selection of preservatives, were tested for fungal resistance in accelerated laboratory trials. Mold growth on the surface as well as weight and strength losses due to the actions of decay fungi were determined. Testing of board strength after decay in high and moder...
E L Schmidt, H J Hall, R O Gertjejansen, R C De Groot
Laboratory method for testing the effectiveness of soil termiticides
1992 - IRG/WP 92-1561
In France, the protection of buildings against termites is based on a chemical treatment of wood, soil and walls. Because of the withdrawal of aldrin from the market, the need of new soil termiticides has appeared. Therefore, a laboratory method derived from Cymorek's method has been developped to assess their effectiveness. Some points are developed like the type of soil, the number of t...
M-M Serment, A-M Pruvost
The importance of blue stain attack for the colonization by wood-rotting fungi of wood not in contact with the ground
1988 - IRG/WP 1349
When used in constructions not in contact with the ground, wood has been shown often to proceed from blue stain to moulds. The appearance of wood rotting fungi is normally delayed. Solid wood artificially inoculated with the blue stain fungus Pullularia pullulans was shown to permit germination of Pycnoporus cinnabarinus basidiospores. This was demonstrated by the use of an indirect and a direct b...
J Bjurman
Protection and efficient utilization of plantation grown lesser-known timbers of arid region in India - Acacia tortilis, Prosopis juliflora and Prosopis cineraria
2005 - IRG/WP 05-40321
The plantation-grown timbers are highly susceptible to insects/pests, borers and wood rot fungus. Wood preservatives copper chrome arsenic (CCA) 2% and chloropyriphos 2% solution treated under pressure on three plantation grown timber species viz. Acacia tortilis, Prosopis juliflora and Prosopis cineraria have shown encouraging results in enhancement of shelf life by protection of wood against woo...
S H Jain, H Kumar, R Arya, R L Srivastava
Evaluation of white-rot fungal growth on Southern Yellow pine wood chips pretreated with blue-stain fungi
2000 - IRG/WP 00-10349
White-rotting basidiomycetes do not colonize on southern yellow pine. This study seeks to reduce the resinous extractive content of southern yellow pine by treating it with blue stain fungi. The mycelial growth of wood-inhabiting ligninolytic white-rot fungi can be achieved on pretreated southern yellow pine wood. Aureobasidium, Ceratocystis, and Ophiostoma spp. removed 70% to 100% of the extracti...
S C Croan
Blue stain in timber in service. Preliminary results of the IRG collaborative tests to compare natural and artificial weathering
1978 - IRG/WP 286
The collaborative programme was initiated at IRG Meetings in Wildhaus, 1976. The six collaborators were BAM (Berlin), Cuprinol Ltd (UK), EMPA (Switzerland), GORI (Denmark), PRL (UK) and Imperial College (UK). Experimental plans were finalised in December 1976 and panels treated by Cuprinol Ltd early in 1977. Natural weathering was carried out by BAM, Cuprinol, EMPA, GORI and PRL during April-Septe...
A F Bravery, D J Dickinson
Fungal decay of acrylate treated wood
2004 - IRG/WP 04-30357
Natural durability of wood species is variable. Chemical wood preservatives, such as biocides are necessary for extension of their service life. Many methods have been developed to increase the resistance of wood and wood products against wood-destroying organisms during the last years. The most frequently used methods are chemical and thermal modification of wood. In wood modification the basic c...
Z Tiralova, L Reinprecht
In situ testing the influence of melamine resins on the enzymatic activity of basidiomycetes
1999 - IRG/WP 99-30194
Waterbased methanol etherificated melamine formaldehyde resins have the potential to increase the resistance of impregnated wood against wood destroying fungi. The mechanism of the increased wood durability is not clear yet. In the present paper the possible interference of melamine resins with wood degrading enzymes of Coniophora puteana and Trametes versicolor was investigated as a possible cont...
D Lukowsky, F Büschelberger, O Schmidt
Enzyme immunoassay to detect Postia placenta in field tests: Comparison of plate ELISA with hydrophobic cloth and cotton dipstick
1991 - IRG/WP 2378
Standard indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in polystyrene 96-well plates was compared to hydrophobic polyester cloth and cotton dipstick for detection of wood-derived antigens from the brown-rot fungus Postia placenta. The ease of handling, larger surface area, and economics of the latter two adsorbents were surveyed for application as field tests for detection of early decay. At high ant...
C A Clausen
The true dry rot fungus (Serpula lacrymans) as a wound parasite of living Norway spruce (Picea abies) in the Czech Republic
2001 - IRG/WP 01-10389
Some late 19th century Central European mycologist reported finds of the true dry rot fungus (Serpula lacrymans) from nature. They even suggested that it could be a parasite of living trees. However examination of herbarium material has shown that the species they found was thin-fleshed dry rot (Serpula himantioides) rather than Serpula lacrymans. In 1992 the Czech mycologist Kotlaba reported find...
J Bech-Andersen, S A Elborne, J Andreasson, J Ch Sterler
Accelerated testing for out of ground contact using natural biological preconditioning
1996 - IRG/WP 96-20088
Small blocks made of Scots pine sapwood were treated, buried in vermiculite and exposed to natural microbial colonisation during outdoor exposure prior to laboratory decay testing. Periodic microbial isolations, moisture content, permeability and weight loss tests were also conducted. Bacteria and moulds colonised the vermiculite and miniblocks well. Aureobasidium pullulans was common on TnBTO tre...
S Molnar, D J Dickinson, R J Murphy
Physiological properties of fungal test strains according to the European Standard EN 113
1986 - IRG/WP 2258
For the discussion of the European standard EN 113 the EMPA's procedure of culturing the test fungi and the corresponding virulence of the test fungi as well as the wood moisture content at the end of the test are shown. It is mainly shown that within the standard the choice of the solvent may not be left at the test lab if reproducible results shall be obtained. The different solvents in...
E Graf, B Zgraggen, P Manser
Methodologies for termiticide testing and standardization
1993 - IRG/WP 93-10043
Standardization of testing methodologies for termiticides has been one of the main topics of discussion for Working Group 1b in recent IRG meetings. While it is agreed that there is a need to provide a standardized testing procedure for industry and regulatory agencies, concerns remain that such a standardized procedure may become an obstacle for developing better testing methods or innovations in...
N-Y Su
Ecotox Testing of Leachates as an Alternative Approach for Environmental Impact Assessment of Wood Preservatives
2002 - IRG/WP 02-50185
Driven by the implementation of the EU Biocidal Product Directive (BPD) in the environmental assessment of treated wood different methodologies and test strategies are at present under discussion within industry, regulatory authorities and standardizing comittees.
Test procedures for the analytical determination of emissions to different environmental compartments according to exposure scenario...
H-W Wegen
Accidental mold/termite testing of high density fiberboard (HDF) treated with borates and N’N-naphthaloylhydroxylamine (NHA)
2003 - IRG/WP 03-10462
High density fibreboard (HDF) was made from beech and pine furnish (50:50) and treated with boric acid (0.1-3%), borax (0.1-3%) or N'-N-(1,8-naphthalyl) hydroxylamine (NHA) (0.1-1%) prior to gluing with urea formaldehyde (UF) resin in order to determine resistance to Eastern subterranean termites (Reticulitermes flavipes Kollar), the most economically important termite species in North Am...
S N Kartal, H H Burdsall Jr, F Green III
Method to determine the depth of penetration of the biologically active components of wood preservatives
1978 - IRG/WP 2108
A time-saving method for determining the depth of penetration of the biologically active components of wood preservatives is described. The test specimens were obtained by cutting thin slices from the wood either parallel or perpendicular to the treated surface. The slices were then exposed to fungal attack. A good correlation was found between the test results obtained by the modified German Stan...
H-P Sutter