Your search resulted in 687 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Treatment of refractory timbers
1993 - IRG/WP 93-40001
Worldover crisis of wood is being felt due to the global environmental problems. Wood preservation technology plays a good role in curtailing the demands of wood for replacement by prolonging the service life of the timber and thus indirectly helps in saving the environment. Some species of timbers which could not be treated to the desired level by virtue of their refractory nature by any of the c...
I Dev, S Kumar
A suggested method to ascertain the toxicity of wood preservatives against the house longhorn beetle
1976 - IRG/WP 271
This abstract is given to let IRG members know about a method sometimes used in the Institute for Wood Technology in Sarajevo for obtaining rapid information on the toxicity of insecticides and ready made wood preservatives against the house longhorn beetle, which is the most common insect found attacking timber roof constructions in houses in Yugoslavia. In this method, 8-10 months' old ...
N Vidovic
Losses of preservatives from treated wood during service. Results from a questionnaire
1994 - IRG/WP 94-50031
From environmental as well as from performance point of view it is of interest to know how much of the preservatives in treated wood that is leached out or evaporated from the wood during service. Many laboratory studies are carried out on leaching from small samples in distilled water or water with different pH. These studies give a good picture of the relative leaching from wood treated with dif...
M-L Edlund
Determination of chlorine-containing wood preservatives in art objects using Micro-XRF
2003 - IRG/WP 03-20266
The applicability of a mobile energy-dispersive micro X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) spectro-meter for the analysis of organochlorine-containing wood preservatives in art objects was tested. Information about the relative degree of contamination and the efficacy of detoxification measures with emulsive solvent systems can be gained using the intensity of the chlorine signals. μ-XRF t...
J Bartoll, A Unger, S Krug, K Püschner, H Bronk
Wood Preservation in the United Kingdom
1979 - IRG/WP 385
This is only the first of several reports in English currently being prepared about wood preservation in Europe. The report deals with the extent of industrial impregnation and the number of impregnation plants in use today in Great Britain. Timbers which are treated for various end uses and their life expectancies are discussed. The market for wood preservatives, the size of the motorway fencing ...
R Cockcroft
The effect of water storage on the cell-structure of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) with reference to its permeability and preservation
1970 - IRG/WP III 3A
Commercial treatment trials with full sized transmission poles have shown that water storage considerably improves the permeability of Sitka and Norway spruce. These results were confirmed by laboratory measurements which showed that in the sapwood of ponded Sitka spruce there is a vast improvement in permeability in all three grain directions. Heartwood permeability does not seem to be affected t...
J A Dunleavy, A J McQuire
Comparison between two laboratory test methods for determining the effectiveness on wood preservatives against blue stain in fresh wood
1987 - IRG/WP 2289
Most of the work done on determination of the effectiveness of new formulae for treating fresh wood against blue stain have been focussed on their use in the manufacture of saw timber. This work explains two laboratory methods, one which simulates the working and climatological conditions of factories making packages for fruit and vegetables in the Spanish Levante, showing that contamination of wo...
A M Navarrete, M T De Troya
Emissions from the combustion of wood treated with organic and inorganic preservatives
1994 - IRG/WP 94-50019
Wood waste and industrial wood residues often contain various preservatives. The waste management for these residuals can be recycling, deposition or combustion. Among the three possibilities, combustion seems to be the most efficient way of usage. To obtain more information about the emission properties of treated wood, different materials were incinerated in different furnaces after mixing with ...
T Salthammer, H Klipp, R-D Peek, R Marutzky
Laboratory evaluation of copper naphthenate pressure treatments against the Formosan subterranean termite
1993 - IRG/WP 93-10005
Southern pine wafers and Douglas-fir cubes pressure treated with copper naphthenate in AWPA P9 Type A oil or in toluene were evaluated for resistance to attack by the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Wood samples were pressure treated to target copper retentions of 0.040, 0.075, 0.095, or 0.150 pcf, conditioned to simulate field exposure, a...
J K Grace, R T Yamamoto, P E Laks
The registration of wood preservatives in Canada
1977 - IRG/WP 394
The Pest Control Products Act in Canada is a part of Federal Agricultural legislation affecting chemicals for wood protection. Other parts of Federal legislation include Canadian Fisheries Act, Fed. Food and Drug act, Environmental Contaminants Act, Clear Air Act, Navigable Waters Protection Act and the Criminal Code Section 165. Some of the main excerpts from the Pest Control Products Act are as ...
J Rak, J K Shields
Kinetics and mechanism of fixation of Cu-Cr-As wood preservatives. Part 6: The length of the primary precipitation period
1975 - IRG/WP 359
The end of the primary precipitation fixation period of CCA preservatives coincides with the first peak in pH versus time. This offers a simple way of estimating the duration of the period. The duration is determined by a number of factors and their interactions, the most important of which are: wood species (anatomy, natural pH, accessibility of reducing agents), preservative type, preservative c...
S-E Dahlgren
Leaching amount of wood preservatives from treated wood in different size during outdoor exposure for 6 months
2000 - IRG/WP 00-50160
Eighteen impregnated specimens with CCA, ACQ, and BAAC preservatives were subjected to a outdoor leaching test. Test specimens, 10 x 10 x 25 cm3, 5 x 10 x 25 cm3, 2 x 10 x 25 cm3 in size, were cut from Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica). Both of end surfaces were sealed with a silicone sealer in the half number of specimens. Total leaching amounts of copper from the open-end ACQ specimens of 10...
K Yamamoto, S Motegi, A Inai
Test methods for wood preservatives against Lyctus: (1) Testing of treated veneer. (2) Testing of glue-line treated plywood. (Laboratory methods)
1977 - IRG/WP 293
Powder-post beetles destroy large quantities of veneer and plywood. Two test procedures are described which can be used to support application-oriented research into veneer and plywood preservatives. These procedures simulate practical conditions on a laboratory scale. Their characteristic feature is that wood species of special susceptibility are used for the tests; the susceptibility of the spec...
S Cymorek
Water-borne DNBP wood preservatives - Preparation and performance
1987 - IRG/WP 3407
Three waterborne wide-spectrum ground-contact DNBP (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) wood preservative formulations and their performance are presented. Two are double-treatment formulations in which insolubilization and precipitation of the preservative is attained by salt formation or by formation of a water insoluble Cu/NH3/DNBP complex of formula [DNBP]2 [Cu(NH3)2]2 the clarified structure of wh...
W E Conradie, A Pizzi
The fate of salt preservatives in facility yard soils and decontamination of soils and drainage waters
1993 - IRG/WP 93-50001-25
Extensive studies during the past 10 to 15 years revealed that noticeable amounts of preservative components may be released in the environment by dripping off or by rain prior to fixation unless adequate precautions are taken. Therefore, soil and groundwater contamination especially from chromium-VI compounds but also from other inorganic and organic constituents exist in impregnation plants, pos...
R-D Peek, H Klipp, K Brandt
Influence of carboxylic acids on LEACHING of copper amine based preservatives
2005 - IRG/WP 05-30365
The importance of chromium free preservatives is increasing. Leaching of copper from wood preserved with such solutions is still higher compared to leaching from wood impregnated with copper chromium ones. In order to decrease leaching, different carboxylic acids (octanoic, 2-etilheksanoic, decanoic) were added to copper/amine/boron aqueous solutions. Experiment of leaching of copper from Norway s...
M Humar, P Kalan, F Pohleven
IRG/COIPM INTERNATIONAL MARINE TEST - to determine the effect of timber substrate on the effectiveness of water-borne salt preservatives in sea-water. Progress Report 3: Report of first inspection of samples at Lae, Papua New Guinea
1978 - IRG/WP 446
Samples for the international marine test were placed on frames numbered I to VII. Frames numbered VII of both CCA and CCB trials are being stored dry in the laboratory at F.P.R. & D.C. Frames I to VI of both trials were suspended in the sea at Lae Harbour (Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea) on 6th December 1977. The first inspection of the CCA trial was carried out on 8th June 1978, at which ...
S M Cragg, C R Levy
Comparison of performance of wood preservatives in laboratory and field tests of treated commodities
1993 - IRG/WP 93-20010
The purpose of laboratory tests for evaluating efficacy of wood preservatives is usually to establish toxic values against standard strains of wood decay fungi. Exposure conditions are usually chosen as optimal for fungal growth. Toxic values so determined serve as a guide as to expected performance of the preservative in field stake tests or in above ground exposure tests. Test material is select...
M E Hedley
Fundamentals on steam fixation of chromated wood preservatives
1988 - IRG/WP 3483
Weathering of treated wood directly after impregnation leaches up to 2% of copper-chromate-containing wood preservatives. Almost total fixation of Cr+6 is achieved by steaming the treated wood at 100°C to 120°C, preferably 110°C. To initiate such spontaneous fixation 85°C to 90°C inside the wood are essential, which requires heating times ranging from 20 to 80 min, depending on timber species...
R-D Peek, H Willeitner
Leachabilty and efficacy of fatty acid derived boron esters as wood preservatives - leachability and efficacy of fatty acid derived boron esters as wood preservatives
2004 - IRG/WP 04-30351
Borates have many advantages as wood preservatives. However, boron is susceptible to depletion under humid conditions and this restricts its outdoor use. In order to reduce boron leachability in treated wood, one of the anticipative approaches is to use organic fixed boron-based preservatives. This study investigated the leachability of six boron ester compounds as potential preservatives. Scots p...
A Mohareb, J Van Acker, M Stevens
A soil-less test of treated wood
1978 - IRG/WP 2105
The objective of this work is to devise an accelerated test for preservatives to be used in places away from soil contact. There may be compounds or mixtures which will protect wood or wood derived materials from decay in such articles as sash and doors, boardwalks, steps, laminated arches and the like, and possess properties that make them preferable to the heavy-duty preservatives used for poles...
E A Behr
Status of Work on OECD Test Guidelines for Emissions of Wood Preservatives to the Environment
2005 - IRG/WP 05-50224-3
In April, 2003, OECD published an ESD on wood preservatives that provides guidance on how to estimate emissions: 1) during the wood preservative application processes and storage of treated wood prior to shipment; and 2) from treated wood-in-service. The ad hoc Expert Group that developed the wood preservatives ESD identified the need to develop Test Guidelines to estimate the amount of biocides ...
W Jakob
Persistance of active ingredients in treated wood
1993 - IRG/WP 93-50001-20
Disposing of chemically protected waste wood implies the distinction between surface and pressure treatment. Considering that barked round-wood merely contains, after 7 months open storage, less than 30 g per ton of bark or 25 mg per ton of sapwood, depending on the type of insecticide, the bark or sapwood shavings may be incinerated normally, according to less severe legal prescriptions than for ...
E Graf, P Manser, S Rezzonico, B Zgraggen
Timber preservatives and corrosion
1983 - IRG/WP 3228
A survey of preservative treated timber commodities has illustrated problems that may be caused by corrosion. After treatment, timber should be compatible with commonly used fasteners. Whilst many corrosion methods have been used in the past, no standardized method is used by workers in timber preservation. The Queensland Department of Forestry is developing laboratory test methods for assessing c...
R I Davis
Determination methods of phytotoxic effect of wood preservatives
1990 - IRG/WP 2349
The phytotoxic effect of wood preservatives so widely used plays a considerable role in the protection of natural environment. A review was made of the existing methods with which to assess the phytotoxicity of the above chemicals and some suggestions were given concerning the methods most appropriate for their unification. Two areas of research are proposed: 1) estimating the direct effect on ind...
A Kundzewicz, J Wazny