Your search resulted in 169 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Borates as wood preserving compounds: The status of research in the United States
1989 - IRG/WP 3542
This paper describes the extensive, on-going cooperative research effort among government and university research laboratories and industry to fully evaluate the potential for borates as wood preservatives in the United States. Research is discussed in terms of laboratory evaluations, field testing and mill trials, pilot plant pressure treatment studies, and remedial treatments. Future research pl...
H M Barnes, T L Amburgey, L H Williams, J J Morrell
Animal blood protein as a component of new, non-toxic wood preservatives fixing organic active compounds in wood
2003 - IRG/WP 03-30312
Application of natural organic compounds and simple physico-chemical treatments in wood conservation has, as its objective, not only its protection against biological agents but, equally importantly, protection of natural environment by gradual abandonment of toxic constituents still applied commonly on a wide scale. The introduction into wood of new, non-toxic impregnation agents manufactured on ...
B Mazela, I Polus
Persistence and residual activity of organophosphorus termiticides in soil and prevention against the degradation of chlorpyrifos
1991 - IRG/WP 1518
The persistence and the residual activity of four comercial organophosphorous termiticides, Chlorpyrifos, Fenitrothion, Tetrachlorvinphos, Pyridaphenthion, in soil were studied under laboratory conditions. The persistence and the residual activity of four organophosphorous termiticides in two types of soil decreased with the lapse of time. These termiticides were mostly degraded by microorganisms ...
T Iijima, M Tanaka, M Higaki
Preliminary observations on tributyltin treated Scots pine sapwood using 119Sn (Mössbauer and NMR) spectroscopic techniques
1984 - IRG/WP 3312
119mSn Mössbauer data are presented for bis(tributyltin) oxide, tributyltin ethanesulphonate, bis(tributyltin) carbonate and tris(tributyltin) phosphate, both in the pure form and in Scots pine sapwood. The structures proposed for these compounds, in the solid state, are supported by 119Sn nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
R Hill
Biological test, AAS and EPR study of copper monoethanolamine complex with quaternary ammonium compounds as a wood preservative
2003 - IRG/WP 03-30321
Experiments were carried out on the wood preservative with a strong fungicidal activity based on Cu(II) carbonate, 2-aminoethanol (monoethanolamine) and quaternary ammonium compound (QAC). The object of the performed investigations was sapwood of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) treated with Cu-EA-QAC formulation. Mycological investigations were carried out according to EN 113 and EN 84 standards....
B Mazela, I Polus, S K Hoffmann, J Goslar
Chemical and biological investigations of double-vacuum treated windows after 7½ years in service
1985 - IRG/WP 3339
Earlier investigations of double-vacuum treated windows after five years in service have shown that tributyltin oxide (TBTO) degrades to di- and monobutyltin compounds and that the resistance of the wood against decay decreases. An investigation 2.5 years later of the same windows shows that the degradation of TBTO proceeds fast. After 7.5 years in service only 15-35% of the remaining organotin co...
M-L Edlund, J Jermer, B Henningsson, W Hintze
Performance of proprietary formulations of anti-sapstain preservatives on Hevea brasiliensis timbers in laboratory tests
1989 - IRG/WP 3532
A total of 10 proprietary and two experimental formulations were assessed for their effectiveness against sap-stain caused by Botryodiplodia theobromae on Rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis). Sterilized wood samples 5x20x40 mm³ were dipped in the test chemicals for 60 seconds and then inoculated with 0.5 ml of culture filtrate of Botryodiplodia theobromae for incubation in sterile, damp petri dishes....
L T Hong
FTIR characterization of copper ethanolamine - wood interaction
1999 - IRG/WP 99-20154
The interaction of copper ethanolamine (Cu-EA) and wood components was studied by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In Cu-EA treated wood, significant reduction was noticed on the band attributed to carbonyl vibration from carboxylic groups at 1735±5 cm-1 and an increase in band intensity was obtained from carbonyl in carboxylate at 1595±5 cm-1. The same observation was made ...
Jun Zhang, D P Kamdem
Environmental characterisation of retification process by-products (liquid and gaseous wastes)
2005 - IRG/WP 05-50224-10
In order to reduce environmental risks during the service life of the treated wood and to find new alternative developments on the durability of wood, some research and technology development have been made on thermal treatment. The retification process is one of these processes. The retification process induces chemical modification of the lignin and cellulosic components and modifies the intrins...
G Labat, E Bucket, S Legay, C Yriex, P Marchal, E Raphalen, M Vernois, R Guyonnet, H Besset, E Fredon), G Vilarem, L Rigal, C Raynaud
Surface protection of wood with titanium, zirconium and manganese compounds
2005 - IRG/WP 05-30376
Thin radiata pine veneers were treated with a range of titanium, zirconium and manganese compounds and exposed to natural weathering. Veneer weight and tensile strength losses were used to assess the protective efficacy of the compounds. The oxidative manganese compounds potassium permanganate and manganic acetate restricted both weight and tensile strength loss of treated wood veneers during weat...
K J Schmalzl, P D Evans
Glue-line additives for protecting plywood. A review
1978 - IRG/WP 2102
The conclusions of this review are: 1) Insecticidal glue-line additives can be used satisfactorily to protect plywood against insect attack. 2) It is uncertain, in spite of some claims, wether fungicidal glue-line additives can be similarly used to protect plywood against fungi under damp conditiones. There is a need for further work to validate the mycological tests that may be used to investigat...
R Cockcroft
Neem leaves, a potential source for protection of hardwood against wood decaying fungus
2005 - IRG/WP 05-30370
Neem leaves are widely recognized for their insecticidal, pesticidal, fungistatic and fungitoxic ability. The present study is to investigate the efficacy of neem leaves extractives against wood destroying microbes, a brown and a white rot. Neem leaves extractives prepared in various solvents such as petroleum ether, acetone, ethanol, methanol and hot water were tested at a concentration levels of...
S Dhyani, S Tripathi, V K Jain
The action of siderophores isolated from Gloeophyllum trabeum on the structure and crystallinity of cellulose compounds
1991 - IRG/WP 1479
Low molecular weight, high affinity iron-binding compounds (siderophores) were isolated from the brown-rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum. The compounds were shown to be inducible by iron starvation and could be purified by ultra-filtration, ethyl acetate extraction, column chromatography and preparative HPLC. The isolated compounds were shown by analytical and immunological techniques to be produced...
J Jellison, V Chandhoke, B Goodell, F Fekete, N Hayashi, M Ishihara, K Yamamoto
A field evaluation of modified and unmodified alkylammonium compounds
1987 - IRG/WP 3436
Laboratory soil block studies of alkylammonium compounds (AAC's) at Forintek and other research establishments have shown that they can prevent decay by standard wood-destroying fungi. Their performance in field tests, however, has been disappointing. Following investigation of possible causes for this poor field performance, stakes treated with modified AAC's were installed at W...
J N R Ruddick
Measurement of electrokinetic potential to evaluate adsorption of quaternary ammonium salt
1991 - IRG/WP 3672
Measurement of z-potential in the wood treated with preservatives is suggested as a method for determination of the adsorption of preservative to wood. It has been found that measurement of z-potential of wood treated with quaternary ammonium salt type preservatives can be a useful method to determine the adsorptives phenomena of preservatives and by which there is a remarkable differences in the ...
Yeong Suk Kim
Soft rot - Soil burial - Tests. Influence of the addition of nitrogen compounds to the soil on wood decay by soft rot
1972 - IRG/WP 213
The decay of wood specimens buried in soil is influenced by various factors. Decisive are the water content, the content of organic substances, the pH-value, the content of mineral nutritive salts, nitrogen content, etc. of the soil. These tests were carried out in order to investigate if the decay of wood in the soil will be influenced by additions of various nitrogen-compounds in different conce...
O Wälchli
Biocidal property of the phenolic fraction of ethanol extractives of Hopea parviflora heartwood
1993 - IRG/WP 93-30003
Natural resistance of some species of timber to fungal decay and insect damage (particularly termite) is ascribed toxic nature and quantity of certain chemical substances present in the cell wall of heartwood. These chemical substances generally known to be Phenolic and Polyphenolic compounds (Rao 1982). Earlier investigations on extractives were mainly in relation to resistance of timber to decay...
R V Krishnan, K S Theagarajan, H S Ananthapadmanabha, M Nagaraja Sharma, V V Prabhu, H C Nagaveni
A new process for in situ polymerization of vinyl monomers in wood to delay boron leaching
1998 - IRG/WP 98-40110
Efforts were accelerated on effective use of boron compounds in wood preservation owing to their environmentally safe characteristics and relatively low costs in addition to their well-known high bioactivity and fire resistant properties. Although having these unique favorable properties, they are readily leachable from treated wood at humid conditions. Therefore, they had limited market for exter...
M K Yalinkilic, W Dwianto, Y Imamura, M Takahashi
New method to find out the volatile organic compounds (VOC) of wooden material
2000 - IRG/WP 00-20189
Volatile organic compounds (VOC) of pine, spruce and larch wood were studied using a new technique developed at VTT Chemical Technology. 50 mg of crushed wood material was placed into glass tubes. The tubes were closed with a glass wool, which is pressed with a tube cap. Wood samples were analysed with a gas chromatograph after thermal desorption using four different temperatures (50°C, 100°C, 1...
H Viitanen, K Villberg, K Saarela
Diazenes and some organic complexes of boron as potential fungicides for preservation of wood
1999 - IRG/WP 99-30197
Screening for fungicidal activity represents the first step in searching for new active components with enhanced environmental profile in comparison with traditional wood preservatives. Diazenes, their salts, and the salts of the corresponding semicarbazides, as well as several complexes of boron, were screened for fungicidal activity against wood decay fungi Trametes versicolor, Coniophora putean...
M Petric, B Paradiz, J Stern, F Pohleven, S Polanc, B Stefane, R Lenarsic
The influence of cement and calcium compounds on the performance of CCA preservatives
1983 - IRG/WP 3221
The influence of cement and calcium compounds on the durability of untreated and CCA treated wood is considered. Calcium compounds were found to reduce the toxicity of a CCA preservative to a soft rot fungus at copper to calcium ratios of 1:1 and 1:10 using a cellulose filter paper technique. Further studies are outlined and some possible mechanisms by which cement and calcium compounds may affect...
R J Murphy
Addition of boron compounds and octanoic acid for improvement of biocidal properties and copper fixation at copper-ethanolamine based wood preservatives
2006 - IRG/WP 06-30408
Copper-ethanolamine based wood preservatives became important active substance (formulation) for wood protection, novelty. As copper itself can not ensure sufficient protection against wood destroying organisms and fixation in wood we combine it with other biocides like ethanolamine, boron and octanoic acid. This investigates were performance on spruce wood impregnated with different combination o...
F Pohleven, M Humar
The response of the Formosan subterranean termite (Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki) to different boron compounds
2007 - IRG/WP 07-10609
Although boric acid and other boron compounds have been used since the 1800s as insecticides, their mode of action is not well understood. Borate salts, in particular sodium and zinc formulations, are effective wood preservatives and are used extensively in Hawai’i to protect building materials from both drywood (Kalotermitidae) and subterranean (Rhinotermitidae) termites. The Formosan subterra...
M C Gentz, J K Grace
Thermal decomposition behavior of CCA-treated wood for safe disposal and the safe recovery of heavy metals through pyrolysis
2006 - IRG/WP 06-50238
If we could estimate the chemical changes in heavy metals by temperature in chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood during pyrolysis, it is expected that we could solve the environmental problems of heavy metals, which may occur during pyrolysis, and therefore, the thermal decomposition behavior of effective elements of CCA-treated wood was examined to find a safe disposal method. First, CCA-...
Dong Won Son, Dong-heub Lee, Sun-hae Cheon, Myung Jae Lee
Efficacy of chitosan in combination with GRAS (Generally Recognised As Safe) compounds as a potential wood preservative
2007 - IRG/WP 07-30414
In vitro studies were undertaken to evaluate the synergy between chitosan and selected GRAS (Generally Recognised As Safe) compounds against two sapstain fungi Sphaeropsis sapinea and Leptographium procerum. Bioassays performed on nutrient medium suggested that some of the GRAS compounds tested including sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate and ascorbic acid had a synergistic effect when combined w...
C Chittenden, K Thämelt, T Singh