Your search resulted in 995 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Treatability problems - Relationships between anatomy, chemical composition and treatability
2001 - IRG/WP 01-40213
This report documents the results of phase 1 and 2 of a 3-phase research program. In phase 1, two hundred and fifty-six (256) Southern pine (pinus spp.) nominal 2 x 6's (38 mm x 140 mm) from a single mill in Georgia (southeastern US) were evaluated for treatability with CCA preservative. After treatment, 128 pieces representing a broad range of treatment characteristics were selected and ...
J E Winandy, F Green III, D Keefe
Durability of Wood Plastic Composites Relative to Natural Weathering and Preservative Treatment With Zinc Borate
2005 - IRG/WP 05-40316
Wood-Plastic Composites (WPCs) used for decking have experienced dramatic increases in North America, averaging 25% growth per annum since 1998. A key factor contributing to this growth has been the successfully communicated message that they are "virtually maintenance free". The common perception being that the wood fiber is completely encapsulated by the thermoplastic resin, minimizing the pot...
M E Mankowski, F M Ascherl, M J Manning
Treatment of lumber with preservative/water repellent emulsions - The significance of shear stability on penetration
1997 - IRG/WP 97-20124
Currently, the treatment of lumber with a water repellent emulsion and a wood preservative formulation in combination is the most cost effective way to prevent decay and to maintain the appearance of uncoated lumber in service. Water repellents influence the movement of moisture into and out of wood and, by so doing, can decrease checking and splitting significantly. Adequate penetration of the em...
F Cui, K J Archer
The influence of soil pH on leaching of CCA elements from pressure-treated Eucalyptus saligna sapwood: environmental implication
2003 - IRG/WP 03-50203
Evidence is accumulating as to poor distribution and fixation of CCA in tropical hardwoods, and there is therefore a necessity to investigate the permanency of CCA in tropical hardwoods. The relationship between soil pH and leaching of Cu, Cr and As from CCA pressure-treated sapwood of Kenyan-grown Eucalyptus saligna was tested under laboratory conditions. Small sapwood samples were pressure-tre...
R Venkatasamy, D N Okwara
Effects of surfactants and ultrasonic energy on the treatment of wood with chromated copper arsenate
1977 - IRG/WP 3108
Sugar pine stakes 1'' x 1" x 16" were treated by a hot-water bath followed by soaking in cold CCA solution for 10 to 30 minutes. A similar number of stakes were treated by a cold-cold bath. Half of the stakes were subjected to ultrasonic energy during the CCA bath. The mean absorption for stakes given the hot-cold bath was 18.52 pcf (297 kg/m³) and 4.64 pcf (74 kg/m³) for those...
C S Walters
Soft rot test of copper/chrome/arsenic treated heartwood of three Malaysian timbers
1991 - IRG/WP 2381
Standardized heartwood blocks of kempas (Koompassia malaccensis), keruing (Dipterocarpus sp.) and tualang (Koompassia excelsa) were impregnated with 0 to 6.3% (w/v) CCA and challenged to decay by a mixed inocula of Chaetomium globosum, Glenospora graphii, Humicola grisea, Petriella setifera and Trichurus spiralis in a containerized vermiculite-burial decay system according to draft CEN/TC 38 WG 4....
A H H Wong, R-D Peek
Performance of CCA wood preservative and CCA treated wooden materials (pole, anchor log, cross-arm etc) with special reference to Bangladesh (Series 1)
2005 - IRG/WP 05-40318
Wood is an important renewable natural resources produced by plants which is without question oldest and versatile construction material. It is composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. Cellulose and hemicelluloses accounts for about two-thirds of the dry weight of the wood which perform the major structural role. Lignin is the remaining one-third of the wood which holds the cellulose and ...
G N M Ilias
Dimension of lysimeters and the evaluation of the migration of wood preservative components in soil
1996 - IRG/WP 96-50065
In the past, investigations concerning the migration behaviour of wood preservatives were made to a minor extent and no uniform methods of test exist. The migration behaviour of CFB was determined using 5 lysimeters of different dimension. The results of the migration and distribution of the anions in the soil showed considerable differences between both ions. Approximately the whole quantity of c...
E Melcher, R-D Peek
Contradiction between uptake of preservative in practical situation and laboratory testing
1992 - IRG/WP 92-2392
By brush treatment water- and solvent-based products were applied on boards of Scots pine and Norway spruce to achieve an uptake of 100 and 200 g/ml. In addition the scope of work to achieve the required uptake of preservative was determined under practical conditions for both product groups. EN 113 (RAL-GZ 830) tests were carried out to test the biological efficacy of products. After 18 months ex...
R Gründlinger, O Janotta, M Melzer
Investigation of temperature effect on fixation of Celcure preservative (ACC) in beech (Fagus orientalis)
2001 - IRG/WP 01-40200
In this research, the fixation speed of Celcure 2% (ACC) preservative salt, under temperature of 17°C, 27°C and 50°C, on intact and stained wood specimens of beech was investigated. For this purpose, blocks of wood with 5x5x7 cm dimensions were prepared and saturated with 2% ACC concentration by full-cell process. The specimens were put in three incubators at the above-mentioned temperatures. F...
A Karimi, M Ghorbani
Fungicidal activity of some new water borne copper octanoate based formulations
1999 - IRG/WP 99-30198
Four new water borne formulations for preservation of wood were prepared: the composition of Cu(II) octanoate, 2-aminoethanol (ethanolamine) and water; the composition of complex of Cu(II) octanoate with nicotinamide, 2-aminoethanol and water; the one of Cu(II) octanoate, organic boron complex, 2-aminoethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide and water and finally, the mixture of Cu(II) octanoate, diazene, 2-am...
M Petric, M Pavlic, F Pohleven, P Segedin, B Kozlevcar, S Polanc, B Stefane, R Lenarsic
Laboratory evaluation of metallic naphthenates as wood preservatives
1991 - IRG/WP 3654
Fungicidal and termiticidal efficacy of copper and zinc naphthenates was appraised according to Japanese standardized laboratory testing methods. Copper and zinc naphthenates succeeded in protecting wood from decay fungi at retentions of 0.5 and 1.0 kg/m³ as metal, respectively. [JIS A 9302 (1976)] when they were applied to vacuum/soak impregnation [JIS A 9301 (1976)]. With respect to the fungici...
K Tsunoda, M Sakurai
Biological detoxification processes - A check list for assessments
1998 - IRG/WP 98-50120
The number of scientific publications on the biological purification of preservative treated wood implies that the biological treatment of wood wastes becomes more and more important. But an information about a successful industrial application is almost missing in all cases. Therefore the applicability of the proposed purification processes is often uncertain. The feasability of such a biological...
H Leithoff, R-D Peek
The influence of copper (II) chemicals on the weathering of treated wood. Part 1: ACQ treatment of wood on its weathering
1994 - IRG/WP 94-30040
Wood weathering can be accelerated by alkylammonium compound (AAC) treatment, and slowed by ammoniacal copper quat (ACQ) treatment. This study aims at investigating the influence of ACQ treatment of wood, especially the present of copper (II), on its weathering. ACQ, CCA and DDAC treated microtomed sections of southern yellow pine earlywood were prepared and naturally weathered for five periods, t...
Ruiying Liu, J N R Ruddick, L Jin
Evaluating the performance of preservative/water repellent emulsion systems
1997 - IRG/WP 97-20127
Water repellent emulsions are being combined with wood preservatives to improve the weathering properties of treated wood in service. Unfortunately, few standard procedures are available to objectively compare the performance of these systems and as a result quality issues are almost completely neglected. The value of swellometer tests, water immersion tests and accelerated weathering regimes in t...
K J Archer, F Cui
Determination of total fluoride and boron in preservative-treated wood fluoride by ion selective electrode without steam distillation, and boron colorimetrically using azornethine-h
1998 - IRG/WP 98-20135
An analytical method was developed to determine total fluoride and boron in wood treated with aqueous or solid diffusing fluoride or borate-fluoride formulations. Ground wood was mixed with 30% sodium hydroxide solution and oven-dried for 2 hours before furnacing at 600° C for 1 hour. The cool fused product was dissolved in hot water, transferred to a plastic beaker and neutralised. Fluoride was ...
P A Collins, M J Kennedy
Some factors affecting the treatability of spruce roundwood with ammoniacal preservative solutions
1976 - IRG/WP 371
Permeable wood species for use in preservative-treated commodities are becoming depleted in Canada. Spruce can be a convenient replacement for them from local resources provided it can be treated to levels adequate for protection of commodities in ground contact. Basically, two approaches were taken to improve treatability of difficult-to-penetrate softwood species; first, to improve the permeabil...
J Rak
Will political initiatives stop the use of preservative-treated wood in Sweden?
1990 - IRG/WP 3578
The Swedish government has initiated several investigations on how to reduce the use of different chemicals. Among these chemicals are creosote, arsenic, chromium and organotin. A special investigation was carried out concerning wood preservatives resulting in different proposals on how to reduce the use of preservatives and preservative treated wood. The most important proposals were an "environm...
J Jermer, M-L Edlund
In situ timber treatments by spraying. Distribution of preservative in wood
1991 - IRG/WP 3678
This study was carried out in order to make the Pest Control Operators able to achieve correct treatments and enhance their efficacy. It was carried out in two steps: 1) in laboratory, to learn the influence of various parameters like spraying pressure, use of repeated applications, distance from nozzle to wood; 2) in situ on roof timber of five buildings. In this case, the applications of the pre...
C Defoin, G Dupont, M Lamour, H Sageot, M-M Serment
Studies on the mobility of arsenic, copper and chromium in CCA-contaminated soil
1990 - IRG/WP 3571
CCA contaminated soils from six Swedish preservation plants were investigated primarily to study the mobility of arsenic but also that of copper and chromium in the soils. The soil samples represented average types with different amounts of clay, organic matter, arsenic, copper, chromium and different pH. The total soluble amounts of the elements were measured. The pH dependent solubility and the ...
J Bergholm
Technical viability of deltamethrin as a pre-treatment wood preservative
1993 - IRG/WP 93-30012
This paper presents the results of tests conducted on freshly-cut logs and lumber during the seasoning period to verify the effectiveness of Deltamethrin on insect control. The tests were carried out in Quedas do Iguaçú, Paraná (southern region of Brazil) and Breves, Pará (northern region of Brazil) during the-dry and rainy seasons, and used different species of wood and insecticide/fungicide ...
A M F Oliveira, S Milano, J L A Bahia, F Teleginski
Treatment details for the field experiment to determine the performance of preservative treated hardwoods with particlar reference to soft rot
1977 - IRG/WP 384
These notes are compiled to complement and supplement Document No: IRG/WP/367 which described the plan for the treatment of the stakes, using a CCA preservative, for the field experiment. This document gives extra details of the treatment characteristics of the different timber species and as such may give IRG members useful information on the sapwood permeability of a range of hardwoods. The repo...
F W Brooks, M R Gayles
Inorganic preservatives in wood dust - Cause of nasal cancer?
1997 - IRG/WP 97-50085
Since 1985 dust particles from beech and oak trees have been classified by the Senate Commission of the German Research Council (DFG) as being ,,working materials which are definitely carcinogenic to humans". All other wood dusts, including those from softwoods, are classified as being materials ,,with reasonable suspicion of carcinogenic potential". The carcinogenic principle of action continues ...
A O Rapp, K Brandt, R-D Peek, U Schmitt
Determination of absorption, accumulation and transport of copper in mycelium of some wood decay fungi
1999 - IRG/WP 99-10323
Copper compounds are common wood preservatives. However, tolerance of some wood decay fungi to copper compounds has been observed recently. Therefore, we tried to elucidate possible causes of this phenomenon. We investigated uptake, accumulation and secretion of copper in the mycelium of potentially copper tolerant fungi (Antrodia sp.) and non tolerant fungus Trametes versicolor. We observed that ...
F Pohleven, S Breznikar, P Kalan, M Petric
Fixation of copper-chrome-arsenic treated timber: A comparison of leaching methodologies
1996 - IRG/WP 96-50075
Five packs of kiln dried radiata pine heartwood were treated with copper-chrome-arsenic preservative treated, utilising a modified Bethell treatment schedule. Two methods of determining the level of preservative fixation were compared. These included the diphenylcarbazide method and simulated rainfall testing. The fixation levels were generally higher for tests involving simulated rain leaching. F...
S Walley, P R S Cobham, P Vinden