Your search resulted in 658 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Effectiveness of MOQ® OX 50 (CCB-Oxide) wood preservative – Part 2: Field tests
2008 - IRG/WP 08-30483
MOQ® OX 50 is a chromated copper borate preservative known around the world as CCB. In Brazil, this product is the only CCB-oxide type preservative with fungicide and insecticide properties registered at the Brazilian Institute for the Environment and Renewable Resources (IBAMA) that complies with the requirements of the Brazilian and European markets for preserved wood. For over five decades, s...
A Gandolfi Jr, C Salvela, D R Macedo, J M Vidal
Polymeric Betaine as a Wood Preservative
2008 - IRG/WP 08-30487
Didecyl polyoxyethyl ammonium borate (DPAB), also known as Polymeric Betaine, was developed as a co-biocide for chromium-free copper based wood preservatives in Europe in the 1980’s. This paper summarizes the properties of DPAB as a wood preservative. Unique properties related to the betaine nature of DPAB are discussed in terms of the structure-property relationship. Physical properties of D...
H Härtner, S Schmitt, Futong Cui, H M Barnes
Biological Performance of micronized copper wood preservative formulations in field and laboratory tests
2008 - IRG/WP 08-30488
Micronized Copper wood preservative formulations with different co-biocides were exposed to brown rot fungi in an 8-week AWPA E10 soil block decay test and two AWPA E7 ground-contact decay tests in Hawaii. The micronized copper formulations performed well against decay at or above the AWPA UC3 and UC4 retentions stipulated by the ICC-ES. Micronized copper preservatives performed comparably to a ...
G M Larkin, J Zhang, D L Richter, R J Ziobro, P E Laks
Wood preservative obtained by recycling – preliminary selection of leaching inhibitor
2008 - IRG/WP 08-50252
Based on recycling of used household batteries, a process was developed to enable the recovery of major manufacturing components, leading to a solution of zinc (32 g.l-1) and manganese (15 g.l-1) salts, free of heavy metals. The potential use of the above solution as wood preservative was demonstrated by means of assays both of fungicidal activity -using white and brown rot fungi- and of insectici...
C Ibáñez, C Mantero, G Cecchetto, M Rabinovich, M Cerdeiras
Effect of Preservative Treatment on Fungal Colonization of Teak, Redwood, and Western Red Cedar
2009 - IRG/WP 09-20404
Fungal flora present in preservative treated samples or non-treated samples from sapwood and heartwood of teak, western red cedar, redwood, and southern yellow pine was assessed after 6 to 18 months of exposure near Hilo, Hawaii. The objectives were to compare fungal composition and diversity between treated and non-treated samples, and to examine the use of molecular techniques for assessing fung...
Y Cabrera, C Freitag, J J Morrell
Evaluation of Water Repellency of Treated Wood Using Several Alternative Methods
2009 - IRG/WP 09-20419
In this study, the results of water repellency testing using a digital swellometer method for water-borne organic-preservative systems with water repellent additives are reported. The findings suggest that the traditional method of using matched untreated controls as a reference developed from historic solvent-based treatments for determination anti-swelling efficacy (ASE) may underestimate the a...
L Jin, A F Preston
Copper to quat ratio in alkaline copper quat (ACQ) wood preservative - Effects on fixation and leaching of preservative components in red pine
2009 - IRG/WP 09-30496
This study investigates the effect of the relative proportion of copper oxide (CuO) to didecy dimethyl ammonium carbonate (DDACb) in an alkaline copper quat (ACQ) formulation on the rate of copper fixation or stabilization and the resistance of treated wood to leaching of copper and quat (DDACb). Red pine samples were treated with ACQ, having CuO to DDACb ratios of 2:1 (the normal ratio for ACQ-D...
S Pankras, P A Cooper, T Ung, L Awoyemi
Mold-resistance Effect of Bamboo Wood Treated with CCC-organic Complexes
2009 - IRG/WP 09-30514
Mold resistant effect of CCA, ACQ, CuAz, CCC and the compound of CCC and propiconazole were researched on bamboo wood of Phyllostachys pubescens were reported in this paper. Results showed that all of the test fungicides could protect bamboo wood better from Penicillam citrinum than from Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus niger. The complex of CCC and propiconazole had the best resisting effect on...
Sun Fangli, Yang Le, Chen Anliang, Bao Binfu, Li Qiao
Micronized Copper Preservative Systems: Observations on the Release of Cupric ion (Cu2+) from Treated Wood and Performance against Wood Decay Fungi
2009 - IRG/WP 09-30519
In an attempt to address the mechanism of action of micronized copper preservatives, a 20-week continuous water leaching study was conducted. The leaching results indicated that, once impregnated in wood, micronized copper preservatives continuously release cupric ion, and the levels of cupric ion released from micronized copper treated wood are higher than those released from CCA treated wood, a...
J Zhang, R Ziobro
Leaching of the copper component from full scale decking boards during one summer season
2009 - IRG/WP 09-50260
The leaching of copper has been tested in laboratory and in outside exposure for freshly treated pine sapwood samples with three different copper preservatives, Cu HDO, copper quat and copper triazoles. We found in the laboratory leaching test that a fixation with warming to 60 °C (140 °F) for 48 hours without drying and then drying in the laboratory in room temperature gave the lowest leaching of copper. We also found that surface treatments with wood oils reduced the leaching, and that washing of the surface before testing had no effect.
Full scale decking board samples (0.25 m2) were then exposed outdoors for rain. The rain water was collected and analysed for copper. After one summer season (about 600 mm rain) we found that the leaching differ for the three preservatives. All samples with a water borne surface treatment had the lowest leaching, about half the amount of untreated.
F G Evans
Factors affecting sodium hypochlorite extraction of CCA preservative components from out of service treated wood for recycling
2009 - IRG/WP 09-50263
Significant amounts of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood products such as utility poles and residential constructions remain in service. There is an increasing public concern about environmental contamination from CCA treated wood when it is removed from service for reuse or recycling, placed in landfills or burned in commercial incinerators. In this paper, we investigate the effects of...
E D Gezer, P A Cooper
Microwave Surface Modification of Radiata Pine Peeler Cores for Preservative Treatment
2009 - IRG/WP 09-40453
Radiata pine peeler cores are classified as a by-product derived from the cores of logs left over after the veneer peeling process. The core can be potentially developed for value added solid wood products as it is abundantly available and has a constant diameter. However, the core needs to be preservative treated because of low durability in ground contact. An additional problem is that the wood ...
K Sugiyanto, G Torgovnikov, P Vinden
The natural durability and preservative treatability of 11 bamboo species
2010 - IRG/WP 10-10708
Tests on the natural durability and preservative treatability of 11 common bamboo species were conducted. The results showed that there was a linear relation between bamboo density and its preservative retention by mass, and the preservative retention of bamboo reduced while its density increased. The test also showed that there were significant differences in the natural durability of bamboos, bu...
Chen Lifang, Su Haitao, Zhang Yanjun, Wang Yuxia, He Xuexiang, Ma Hongxia, Xie Guijun
Seasonal shifts of fungal community structure at the interface of treated or untreated wood and soil
2010 - IRG/WP 10-10721
Many wood species are degraded rapidly in soil by the fungal community. In order to preserve wood and structures in which it is used, chemical preservatives are used. Little is known about the interaction of treated wood and the surrounding soil fungal community. For this work, presented at IRG 41, wooden specimens (Pinus sylvestris sapwood, sizes 25 mm x 50 mm x 500 mm (longitudinal)) were treate...
M Noll, I Stephan
Determination of a fixation time of wood preservatives: A discussion paper
2010 - IRG/WP 10-20436
The intention of that paper is to initiate a discussion on the basis of a French method in combination with a German approach regarding the need of a method for the determination of a fixation time and especially to obtain input as well as ideas concerning a possible test design. Since no harmonised European approach exists up to now concerning the determination of a fixation time, CEN TC 38 (2009...
E Raphalen, E Melcher
Mould growth on wood-based materials – a comparative study
2010 - IRG/WP 10-20455
Ten different wood-based materials - preservative-treated wood, fire retardant-treated wood, modified wood, WPCs and untreated references of pine sapwood and spruce - were tested for mould growth according to SP method 2899 during 42 days at 90% RH and 22°C.
Even though the results must be interpreted carefully, they indicate significant differences in mould resistance between the materials tes...
P Johansson, J Jermer
The use of thermal desorption and pyrolysis combined with a semiconductor VOC detector for the on-site detection of preservative-treated wood
2010 - IRG/WP 10-20456
The purpose of this study was twofold; to identify possible marker molecules released from preservative-treated wood upon heat treatment and then develop a prototype detector for this marker. Two methods for heating the samples were used: Pyrolysis combined with Gas-Chromatography with IR-detection and Thermal Desorption combined with Gas-Chromatography with mass detection. A first prototype detec...
I Svensson, A Gonzalez, L Irusta, Mª J Fernandez-Berridi, O Munné
A comparison of the chemistry of alkaline copper and micronized copper treated wood
2010 - IRG/WP 10-30528
This paper discusses the chemistry of the reaction of alkaline copper and micronized copper with wood. The objective of this study is to examine the copper species produced in wood during the fixation reaction using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The initial experiments (phases 1 to 2) were designed to confirm the effect of time of treatment and solution concentration on the s...
Wei Xue, P Kennepohl, J N R Ruddick
Distribution and availability of preservative components in ACQ treated wood - effects of coatings and weathering
2010 - IRG/WP 10-30537
Copper and quaternary ammonium compound (quat) distributions across lumber (gradients) and availability, as measured by amount removed by intensive leaching of wood flour, were measured in ACQ treated southern pine lumber. Samples were evaluated just after treatment and stabilization, or after 3 years of laboratory storage, or after 3 years of natural weathering exposure. The objective was to in...
T Ung, M Nejad, P Cooper
Copper preservative systems: A rapid investigation into effects of co-biocides and used treating solutions
2010 - IRG/WP 10-30541
The efficacy of various micronized and amine copper preservative systems was evaluated using soil block testing with the copper tolerant brown rot fungi, Postia placenta. The American Wood Protection Association E22 protocol was used to compare the relative efficacy of preservatives by monitoring compressive strength losses of the systems in southern pine wood. As information, the weight losses ...
T F Shupe, K Ragon, Q Wu, M H Freeman, C R McIntyre
Antifungal and wood preservative efficacy of IPBC is enhanced by α - aminoisobutyric acid
2010 - IRG/WP 10-30544
There is currently a need to reduce the biocide content of wood preservatives, without
decreasing efficacy. The nonmetabolised amino acid analogue α-aminoisobutyric acid
(AIB) acts as a translocated inhibitor of mycelial spread in basidiomycete wood decay
fungi, although it does not kill the organism. Factorial combinations of AIB with either
the azole fungicide tebuconazole, or 3-iodo-2-...
P Bota, E Baines, A Mead, S C Watkinson
Natural compounds: A review of their use for wood protection
2010 - IRG/WP 10-30545
A lot of research in the field of wood protection has focused on natural compounds but very few of these have been implemented by industry. This review is an attempt to bring together information from selected area of work:
- A brief review of the work done on natural products as organic biocides for wood protection.
- Table containing information on natural products, their use as organic biocid...
T Singh, A P Singh
Copper nanoparticles in southern pine wood treated with a micronised preservative: Can nanoparticles penetrate the cell walls of tracheids and ray parenchyma?
2010 - IRG/WP 10-30547
This study tests the hypothesis that copper nanoparticles can penetrate the cell walls of southern pine wood treated with a micronised preservative. We examined the nanodistribution of particles in tracheid and ray parenchyma cell walls using state-of-the-art HR (High Resolution)-TEM and HR-STEM (Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope)-EDX. These devices are capable of atomic-scale resolution. ...
H Matsunaga, Y Kataoka, M Kiguchi, P Evans
Comparison of colour change in wood clear-coating systems including inorganic and organic UV absorbers for exterior use
2010 - IRG/WP 10-40499
The aim of this work is to compare the performance of inorganic and organic UV absorbers used in a wood coating application against weathering. Our study has investigated the colour changes of selected UV absorbers; hombitec 402 RM from the Sachtleben Company as an inorganic UV absorber, tinuvin 477 DW from the Ciba Company as an organic UV absorber. The study was carried out on two wood species; ...
Ö Özgenç, B Forsthuber, A Teischinger, C Hansmann
Influence of Copper Preservative Type on Earlywood and Latewood Distribution of Copper in Treated Wood
2010 - IRG/WP 10-40507
Some of the new water based copper containing wood preservative systems use particulate “micronized” copper as the primary biocide instead of the more traditional soluble amine copper based systems. Studies were conducted to investigate how this difference in the type of copper system might impact both initial and post drying distribution of the preservatives in wood. Of specific interest wa...
A Zahora