Your search resulted in 198 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Information on a project about the conditions of admissibility of wood-protecting agents in connection with environmental protection in Poland
1974 - IRG/WP 57
Wood-protecting agents are compounds acting toxically on fungi and insects. If handled improperly or carelessly, they may exert an action harmful to health and safety of men. This action is concerning: a) workers employed at the production of wood-protecting agents; b) workers employed at the impregnation, or at the transport and handling of impregnated wood; c) inhabitants of buildings with impre...
J Wazny
Alternative methodology for the environmental impact assessment of treated wood: the wood emissions ecotoxicology
2000 - IRG/WP 00-50161
Preservative products and technologies are important for optimising the use of wood and wood products in our society. The regulations of their use under the european Biocidal Products Directive 98/8/EC will require an evaluation of the environmental impact of treated wood. The methodology currently used for this determination is the PEC/PNEC ratio. It consists of calculating PEC values (Predictive...
P Marchal, H W Wegen, J Van Acker, E Melcher, R-D Peek, W J Homan, D Aston, D Rudolph, E F Baines
Effects of CCA treatment on settlement and growth of barnacles under field conditions
1998 - IRG/WP 98-50116
As part of a field experiment at seven European marine sites evaluating the effects of CCA treatments on non-target marine organisms, panels treated to nominal loadings of 12, 24 and 48 kg/m3 CCA were exposed at marine sites around the coast of Europe. Within two weeks of exposure, a heavy settlement of barnacles took place on the panels exposed intertidally in France. The intensity of settlement ...
S M Cragg, C Brown, R M Albuquerque, R A Eaton, P Goulletquer
Toxic wood preserving chemicals in the environment: Kenya - a cause for concern
1998 - IRG/WP 98-50101-17
The uncontrolled release of wood preserving chemicals into the environment, in most African countries, is discussed. Kenya has some 25 wood preservation plants, 23 of which use formulations of Copper- Chrome-Arsenate (CCA). The bulk of treated timbers consists of poles and posts used in ground contact. Poor fixation of CCA elements are associated with the species used, Eucalyptus saligna and Acaci...
R Venkatasamy
Environmental impact of PCP and NaPCP in the aquatic and atmospheric compartment
1995 - IRG/WP 95-50040-06
PCP and NaPCP were studied for their aquatic toxicity on bacteria, microalgae and daphnids and for their behaviour in the atmospheric compartment with a climatic chamber. Results of aquatic toxicity bioassays showed that toxicity was higher at low pH. This can be explained by the pKa value of 4.7 of PCP and the higher concentration of the non dissociated form of the pesticide at more acidic pH. Vo...
P Marchal, P Vasseur, G Ozanne
The results of detection on CCA components of the soils contacted with CCA-treated woods - A trial study for the availability of the burial Method as a disposal CCA treated wood waste
1993 - IRG/WP 93-50005
The objecteve of this experiment is to get a knowledge that, when CCA treated wood wastes were buried in a soil as a disposal, the soil would be or not be contaminated by the components of CCA preservatives in wood wastes. The specimens used were cutting logs and chips made of the CCA treated electric pole waste. The soil was buried to the 15 cm depth and the log specimens were set in the soil for...
K Suzuki, H Sonobe
The effect of high and low boron soils on foraging termite behaviour and their metabolic systems
2007 - IRG/WP 07-10602
The highest concentrations of boron are found in ground water and soils of some of the driest climate areas (arid and semi arid regions) in the world. This present study examined the various concentrations of boron levels on filter papers against the subterranean termite species Coptotermes from different provenances and different boron soil levels. The termites were presented with no-choice bioas...
B M Ahmed, J R J French, P Vinden
Comparing microbial colonisation and Decay Rates of Wood from Sound and Aphid-Killed Kenyan-Grown Mexican Cypress (Cupressus lusitanica)
2006 - IRG/WP 06-10599
Samples of wood from 10, 15, and 30-year old trees attacked and killed by the cypress aphid (Cinara cupressi) and sound Kenyan-grown Cupressus lusitanica trees were investigated for variations in moisture content, density and susceptibility to microbial decay. MC varied with tree age, a normal trend, and between samples from aphid-killed and sound trees. In samples from 10, 15 and 20-year old so...
R Venkatasamy
Study of new wood preservatives from biological origin and low toxicity against wood decay organisms (fungi and termites)
2006 - IRG/WP 06-10600
Wood as an organic material is likely to be attacked by living organisms if no protecting treatment is applied to improve its durability. The biological agents, which in Spain, due to its specific climatologic, cause major damage to wood, are the stain fungi, the rot fungi and the subterranean termites.
The commercialisation of the products actually used to treat wood against fungi and to treat t...
M T Troya, M J Prieto, F Rubio, D Lorenzo, J J Teixidó
Protection of a low-density mangrove timber species gewa (Excoecaria agallocha) through preparation of particleboard – An Assessment
2006 - IRG/WP 06-40348
It is now well established that the conversion of low-density and low-cost timbers into laminated, composite and densified form is an alternative of wood protection by means of wood preservatives. Once only the timber species gewa (Excoecaria agallocha) was used for manufacturing newsprint paper in Bangladesh, which is not continued today. The feasibility of commercial production of particleboard ...
A A Mahfuz, M O Hannan, M A Islam, M N Islam , M M Islam, A K Lahiry
Silver as a Wood Preservative Environmental Requirements and Concerns
2007 - IRG/WP 07-30420
The pesticide uses of silver and its compounds fall under the jurisdiction of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) under the US Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act. In addition, many other national and international organizations maintain close observance of the effects of silver in different environments. The US EPA has also issued a specific announcement that t...
J R Ellis
Reduction of Environmental Toxicity Through Eco-friendly Wood Biopreservative
2007 - IRG/WP 07-50243
Many chemicals are used today to enhance the durability of wood and wood-derived products that are very important in our life. Such chemicals are copper, chromium, arsenate, zinc, etc. Though these preservatives are useful to protect wood from biodeterioration, but environmental toxicity is also related with them. The present study is to investigate the fungitoxic activities of Dalbergia sissoo le...
A Humayan Kabir, M Firoz Alam
Refinement of emission values for preserved wood in the ‘Storage Scenario’, for use in the environmental risk assessment of Wood Preservatives under the Biocidal Products Directive
2007 - IRG/WP 07-50244
The evaluation of an active substance or a biocidal product under the Biocidal Products Directive (BPD) requires that an environmental risk assessment is carried out. The risk assessment for wood preservatives includes a scenario for the treated wood in storage after treatment, in which the predicted environmental concentration (PEC) in soil, surface water and groundwater is calculated, using emis...
E F Baines
Comparative Laboratory Leaching Test Methods to Study Post-Treatment Storage Period Impacts on CCA Leachability and Fixation in Treated Kempas (Koompassia malaccensis) Heartwood
2007 - IRG/WP 07-20376
Three laboratory leaching test methods were compared to determine the effects of different post-treatment storage fixation periods on leachability/fixation of CCA components from treated kempas (Koompassia malaccensis) permeable heartwood. End-sealed test wood blocks of permeable were treated with CCA to target retention of 5.6 kg/m3, immediately stored to fix at ambient conditions for 0 and 48 ho...
A H H Wong, H C Lai
Development of boron/linseed oil combined treatment as a low-toxic wood protection. Evaluation of boron fixation and resistance to termites according to Japanese and European standards
2007 - IRG/WP 07-30448
Combinations of boric acid as a first step of treatment and linseed oil as a second step have been performed in order to enhance boron retention to leaching and wood resistance to termites. Classic leaching and termites resistance standards are inappropriate to evaluate this combination which can be considered as both a wood core preservation treatment and a coating.
Japanese Industrial Standard...
F Lyon, M-F Thevenon, Y Imamura, J Gril, A Pizzi
Soft Rot Determines Service Life of L-joints with Low Borate Loading
2008 - IRG/WP 08-30470
As part of a research program on the potential use of borates by the Canadian wood products industry, Forintek set up an L-joint test of untreated and borate-diffusion treated hem-fir (western
hemlock and amabilis fir) in 1990. The treated material had a low initial retention of only 0.2% boric acid equivalent and analysis after 5 years revealed no detectable borate close to the tenon. Nev...
P I Morris, J Wang, J K Ingram
Micro-Distribution of Micronized Copper in Southern Pine
2008 - IRG/WP 08-30479
For copper-based preservatives to be used in ground contact, penetration of copper into the cell wall is believed to be important to protect the wood from soft rot fungi. Preservatives containing soluble copper are known to do this. It is not known whether preservatives containing particulate copper will also migrate into the cell wall in sufficient quantities to control soft rot decay. An AWPA st...
R Stirling, J Drummond, Jun Zhang, R J Ziobro
Emission Rates of Active Substances from Preserved Wood in Use Class 3
2008 - IRG/WP 08-50256
The evaluation of an active substance or a biocidal product under the Biocidal Products Directive (BPD) requires that an environmental risk assessment is carried out. The risk assessment for wood preservatives includes scenarios for preserved wood (e.g. cladding on a house), in which the
predicted environmental concentration (PEC) in soil is calculated, using an emission rate for the active subs...
E F Baines
A Comprehensive Review of Copper as a Biocide, with a Focus on Micronized Copper
2008 - IRG/WP 08-30486
This paper reviews the wood preservative biocide active ingredient copper and delvers into new and previously unpublished data regarding the new micronized formulations which are now in vogue and widespread use in N. America in all residential treated lumber markets. Included in this review is the overall discussion of copper containing formulations used for pressure treated wood used over the las...
M H Freeman, C R McIntyre
Degradation of wood veneers by Fenton’s reagents: effects of low molecular weight phenolic compounds on hydrogen peroxide decay and tensile strength loss
2009 - IRG/WP 09-20400
Pine wood (Pinus sylvestris) veneers strips were incubated in acetate buffer containing hydrogen peroxide and iron to mimic mechanisms of brown rot decay and assess the degradation of cellulose through analysis of the tensile properties of the decayed wood. The tensile properties of thin wood strips treated with Fenton system reagents or precursors were determined and correlated to weight loss as ...
Yanjun Xie, R Well, Zefang Xiao, B Goodell, J Jellison, H Militz, C Mai
Use of biological and low toxicity products against subterranean termites
2009 - IRG/WP 09-20410
The climatology of Mediterranean countries is favourable to the development of termites that cause important damage to wood structures in both furniture and buildings. Until a few years ago the treatment for this type of insect was based on the impregnation of the wood with chemical products. The use of these chemicals is now being restricted in Europe since the publication and harmonization of n...
M T Troya, M J Prieto, F Rubio
Re-Distribution of Copper in the Cell Walls of Wood Treated with Micronized Copper Quat
2009 - IRG/WP 09-30506
Wood treated with copper-based preservatives to be used in ground contact may fail to inhibit soft rot fungi if penetration of copper into the cell wall is insufficient. Preservatives containing soluble copper are known to penetrate the cell wall; however, it is not known whether preservatives containing particulate copper will also migrate into the cell wall in sufficient quantities to control so...
R Stirling, J Drummond
Environmental Emission of Wood Preservatives: Interpretation of Data Relevant to BPD Risk Assessments
2009 - IRG/WP 09-50259
The risk assessments for the use of wood preservatives proposed by the OECD and used under the Biocidal Products Directive (BPD) (98/8/EC) require the derivation of leaching rates for active substances. These rates are to be used as input data in to agreed exposure scenarios. The leaching rates can be derived from laboratory testing and from field testing. The relationship between laboratory and f...
D G Cantrell
Life Cycle Assessment of treated timber: methodological aspects and first results
2009 - IRG/WP 09-50264
Environmental information on products is more and more required as a key to the market, and the building sector in Europe is certainly advanced in that direction. In France, Environmental Product Declarations are becoming very common for construction products. Therefore, the CTB P+ and CTB B+ certification comity as commissioned FCBA to perform the Life Cycle Analysis of treated timber in order to...
E Vial, M Bertrand, C Cornillier, G Deroubaix
Fungal Attack on Lignin and Cellulose: Elucidation of Brown- and White-Rot Mechanisms Comparing Biomimetic and In-Vivo Degradation Patterns
2010 - IRG/WP 10-10714
This paper examines research and hypotheses that have been developed over several years on wood degradation mechanisms. This information is combined with new data and analyses to explain why wood decay patterns caused by brown-rot fungi and specific types of white-rot fungi are different. New data, including work with both biomimetic studies on low molecular weight compounds, degradative enzymes, ...
V Arantes, B Goodell, A M F Milagres, Yuhui Qian, T Filley, J Jellison, S Kelley