Your search resulted in 516 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Treatment application method and CCA efficacy in Corsican pine - Assessment by serial exposure and soil burial tests
1993 - IRG/WP 93-40006
A previous report on this research (Newman and Murphy, 1992) identified possible variation in the efficacy of a CCA preservative applied to Corsican pine (Pinus nigra var. maritima) dependant upon the treatment application method (Bethel, Lowry or Steam/Bethel). This paper presents further data from biological testing of CCA treated Corsican pine using serial exposure and unsterile soil techniques...
P R Newman, R J Murphy
Detection of brown-rot antigens in southern pine
1996 - IRG/WP 96-20090
Brown rot fungal antigens were detected by particle capture immunoassay (PCI) in southern pine 2 x 4's beyond visible or culturable hyphal growth. Further analysis of test samples revealed changes along the 2 x 4's that could be grouped into zones. Zone 1, the point of inoculation through 6 cm, showed low pH, measurable oxalic acid, high moisture, and high protein. Zone 2, throug...
C A Clausen
NIR spectroscopy for rapid estimation of decay resistance
2004 - IRG/WP 04-20294
In Scandinavia Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is an important commercial tree species. Its heartwood has traditionally been used in constructions exposed to risk of decay. In a laboratory experiment Scots pine wood specimens sampled from inner heartwood, outer heartwood and sapwood were exposed to the brown rot fungus Poria placenta. In general outer heartwood was more resistant than inner heart...
P O Flæte, E Ystrøm Haartveit
The influence of fungi causing blue – stain on absorptiveness of Scotch pine wood
2005 - IRG/WP 05-10565
The blue-stain fungi cause discoloration of the wood. In the course of their development in wood may have an effect on wood structures and properties influenced on its use value. Investigation has been undertaken to clear the influence of blue-stain fungi on wood absorptiveness as indicators for the wood ability to impregnation with water diluted wood preservatives. The wet sapwood samples of fres...
A Fojutowski
Disodium octaborate tetrahydrate, alone and in conjunction with a selected isolate of Trichoderma viride, reduces decay of fresh felled pine independent of the effect of weathering
1994 - IRG/WP 94-10054
Unpeeled billets of Corsican pine were treated with the following: 5% aqueous disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT) solution; 5% DOT solution with an isolate of Trichoderma viride with a low susceptibility to borate; the Trichoderma viride isolate alone. Half of the billets in each treatment group were also placed in large-diameter plastic pipes to protect the billets from the weather. All three ...
M W Schoeman, D J Dickinson, J F Webber
Trials of new treatments for prevention of kiln brownstain of white pine (Pinus strobus)
1995 - IRG/WP 95-30068
White pine (Pinus strobus) often develops a surface brown oxidative stain when kiln dried. Such stain downgrades high quality lumber and is most likely to occur when fresh, unseasoned lumber is stacked during warm weather prior to kiln drying. Use of reducing agents or pH alteration has been successful, but may have some practical limitations for general use. This study attempted to prevent browns...
E L Schmidt, E Christopherson, T L Highley, M H Freeman
Black Stain of Western red-cedar by Aureobasidium pullulans and its Relationship with Tropolone Depletion
2005 - IRG/WP 05-10564
Western red-cedar is valued for its natural durability conferred by fungicidal tropolone chemicals. However, weathered surfaces of WRC products are still susceptible to ‘black stain’ caused by fungi such as Aureobasidium pullulans. The effect of weathering on the tropolone content of heartwood was characterized and correlated with the ability of this fungal species to colonize the same weather...
R Chedgy, R Daniels, P I Morris, C Breuil
Mold and stain fungi associated with Radiata pine logs imported from New Zealand
2000 - IRG/WP 00-10346
The Korean sawmills have recently realized the importance of prevention of fungal discoloration due to increased losses in revenue. Before establishing integrated control strategies of fungal discoloration, more complete knowledge about causal organisms is needed. As a first step, we initiated a through survey of mold and stain fungi colonized commercially important softwood species (Pinus densifl...
Jae-Jin Kim, Gyu-Hyeok Kim
Fumigation of New Zealand grown western red cedar for export markets
2001 - IRG/WP 01-30262
The objective of this study was to demonstrate that methyl bromide fumigant penetrates into the centre of western red cedar (Thuja plicata L.) timber to meet the standard for export markets. Kiln dried western red cedar was used and a cavity (50x 30 x 13mm3) was prepared into the centre of each sample board (500 x 200 x 26 mm3 thick). An absorbent sachet used in industry for cross checking that th...
B Kreber, G Durbin, D Wilson
Effect of test site, preservative and wood species on decay type Glenbervie pastoral and radiata pine forest sites
2000 - IRG/WP 00-30248
Pinus radiata stakes were treated with 0.8, 1.2, 1.8, 2.7 and 4.1 kg/m3 of CCA and Fagus sylvatica with 2.7, 4.1 and 6.1 kg/m3 of CCA. Both wood species were also treated with equivalent retentions of a copper plus triazole preservative (CT) (0.89, 1.3, 2 and 3 kg/m3 of copper for pine & 2.5 and 4 for beech) and chlorothalonil plus chlorpyriphos in oil (CC) (1.4, 2.1, 3.2 and 4.8 kg/m3 of chlo...
R N Wakeling
Non leachability of arsenic, copper and chromium from 15 years old CCA-C treated southern pine poles used in brackish water as jetty piles in Bangladesh
1998 - IRG/WP 98-50103
Revealed that chromated copper arsenate type C (CCA-C) treated southern pine poles used in Central Warehouse Jetty of REB, Khulna are stable and resistant to chemical and biological attack without loss of any component from outer 0-12.5 mm zone after 15y of use. Slightly reduced retention (4.44% less) was noted in above water location of piles (bottom end of tree) which would be due to continuous ...
A K Lahiry
Assessment of residual retentions in creosote treated Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) poles after 45 years ground contact service in the Lemstervaart in the Dutch polder
1994 - IRG/WP 94-50022
In a project funded by the Water State Authorities (RWS) and the Noordoostpolder Water Board, the residual retentions in ten creosote treated Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) poles were examined after 45 years ground contact service along a canal (Lemstervaart) in the Dutch Noordoostpolder. The Lemstervaart location was selected due to the fact that the poles involved had been originally treated and ...
P Esser, W L D Suitela, A J Pendlebury, H Visscher
Field and greenhouse testing of window joinery of pine and spruce treated with LOSP
1991 - IRG/WP 3658
Norwegian window frame components of full size were double vacuum-treated with TBTN and TBTO, and connected as 'L-joints' and subsequently coated with stains. The corner sections were exposed (out of ground contact) both in field (temperated coastal climate, Taastrup, Denmark) and in a greenhouse (Uppsala, Sweden). The window frame L-joints of spruce (Picea abies Karst.) - treate...
F G Evans, B Henningsson, E Borsholt
Models of the critical time of humidity and temperature conditions for the development of mould fungi in pine and spruce sapwood
1995 - IRG/WP 95-20066
Regression models of the time factor for the growth of mould fungi in pine and spruce sapwood are studied. The first group of models are based on the results of exposures of mould fungi in static humidity and temperature conditions indicating the time for the start of mould growth in wood. The second group of models are based on the exposures of mould fungi in fluctuating or alternating humidity a...
H Viitanen
Laboratory trial to identify potential in-forest treatments to control fungal pre-infections of radiata pine logs
2000 - IRG/WP 00-30220
Development of fungal infections of radiata pine logs by wood degrading fungi commences immediately after tree felling. In general, subsequent antisapstain treatments are unable to control fungal degrade on logs where the pre-treatment log storage time exceeds 2-5 days. However, use of an in-forest treatment of logs may be advantageous to log exporters to control fungal pre-infections during the p...
D R Eden, B Kreber, R N Wakeling, J G Van der Waals, C M Chittenden
Micromorphology of Schizophyllum commune attack in pine (Pinus sylvestris) wood
1983 - IRG/WP 1184
The decay pattern caused by Schizophyllum commune in pine latewood tracheids was studied using both light and transmission electron microscopy. The attack began as isolated concentric slits within the S2 layer with extensive lamellation and separation of individual wall layers observed in subsequent stages of decay. The slits resulting from attack appeared to be formed in thin, regular concentric ...
T Nilsson, G F Daniel
Effect of bioextracts on colonisation of radiata pine sapwood by three sapstain fungi
2003 - IRG/WP 03-10485
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of aqueous bioextracts prepared following two-week incubation of forest soil, garden compost and chicken manure respectively, on the ability of Ophiostoma flocossum, Leptographium procerum and Sphaeropsis sapinea to colonise unseasoned radiata pine sapwood.
The research showed that all bioextracts tested retarded the rate of fungal colonis...
J van der Waals, C Chittenden, B Kreber
Durability of heat-treated wood
1999 - IRG/WP 99-40145
Heat-treated wood from the French process were laboratory tested against decay using agar block test and a modified soil block test. Water absorption, bending strength, lignin content and acid number were also determined to evaluate the effect of heat treatment. Heat treated samples exhibit a higher lignin content and a lower acid number compared to untreated control indicating the degradation of ...
D P Kamdem, A Pizzi, R Guyonnet, A Jermannaud
Leachability of didecyldimethylammonium chloride (a quaternary ammonium compound) from four wood species
1982 - IRG/WP 3204
Sapwood blocks prepared from red pine, ponderosa pine, southern yellow pine and hem-fir (a commercial mixture of western hemlock and amabilis fir) were treated with didecyldimethylammonium chloride, (an alkylammonium compound, AAC). After oven drying the blocks were vacuum impregnated with distilled water and subjected to a static leach cycle for 48 hours. The leachate was analyzed and the amount ...
J N R Ruddick, A R H Sam
The selected properties of Scots pine wood blue-stained by fungus Cladosporium herbarum
2003 - IRG/WP 03-10484
The fungi causing primary blue-stain of wood may change wood properties especially when acting in mixture of few fungi species. There were been undertaken investigation to clear the influence of pure culture of one fungus species on selected physical and mechanical properties of Scots pine wood. The twin samples of fresh cut Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris L.) were exposed into pure culture o...
A Fojutowski
Targeted inhibition of wood decay (Using everything but the kitchen sink)
1997 - IRG/WP 97-10203
Low molecular weight oxidative decay agents have been implicated in the degradation of wood by brown-rot decay as evidenced by chemical analysis of brown-rotted wood and detection of oxalic acid and hydroxy radicals. Fenton chemistry (H2O2 / Fe++) is often proposed as the mechanism for generating hydroxy radicals. Previous authors have shown iron to enhance the brown-rot hydrolysis of wood, while ...
F Green III, T A Kuster, T L Highley
Effect of climate, species, preservative concentration and water repellent on leaching from CCA-treated lumber exposed above ground
2001 - IRG/WP 01-50178
Few studies have examined leaching of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) from treated wood in above ground exposures due to the assumption that leaching is less severe compared to wood in continuous contact with soil or water. However, a significant portion of CCA treated wood is used for above ground applications, exposing considerable volumes of the preservative to precipitation and potential leach...
J L Taylor, P A Cooper
Screening of the efficacy of tall oils against wood decaying fungi
2004 - IRG/WP 04-30354
Tall oil is a by-product in pulping of resinous wood by the sulphate process. Tall oil contains a complex mixture of wood extractives. Some of these extractives act as natural protection against wood decaying fungi while other serve as nutrition for the fungi.
This report describes a screening of the efficacy of four refined tall oils with different chemical composition on wood decaying fungi. ...
G Alfredsen, P O Flæte, A Temiz, M Eikenes, H Militz
Assessing the leachability of chlorothalonil and methylene bis thiocyanate from antisapstain treated radiata pine
1998 - IRG/WP 98-30176
Rain wash-off and leaching of antisapstain fungicides from wood may cause pollution of waterways and may also lead to a decrease in the efficacy of a formulation against fungal degrade as chemicals deplete from the timber surface.
In the current study, the leachability of chlorothalonil (CTL) and methylene bis thiocyanate (MBT), the active ingredients of a commercial antisapstain formulation, was...
B Kreber, T L Woods
Settlement of fouling organisms on CCA-treated Scots pine in the marine environment
1997 - IRG/WP 97-50094
As part of an EU project to investigate the effects of CCA loading on non-target marine fouling animals, exposure panels of Scots pine treated to 12, 24 and 48 kgm-3 CCA and untreated controls were submerged at seven coastal sites (Portsmouth, UK: Kristineberg, Sweden: La Tremblade (2 sites), France: Ria Formosa, Portugal: Sagres, Portugal: Athens, Greece). Inspections were made at 6 and 12 months...
C J Brown, R A Eaton