Your search resulted in 1160 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Which fungi should be included in the laboratory evaluation of anti-stain chemicals?
2001 - IRG/WP 01-20236
Test fungi for efficacy tests of anti-stain formulations were selected based on the assumptions that test fungi should be fungicide-tolerant antagonists and fungi resistant to both fungicides and fungicide- tolerant antagonists, and such fungi should be re-isolated from treated samples with the highest fungicidal concentration used for laboratory evaluation of fungicides. This paper discusses the ...
Hyung-Jun Kim, Jae-Jin Kim, Gyu-Hyeok Kim
Accelerated laboratory testing of preservatives on 13 North American wood species
1999 - IRG/WP 99-30201
The ability of selected water and solvent based biocides to protect wood against fungal attack was evaluated on 13 North American wood species using 7 decay fungi in a modified soil block test. Most preservatives were capable of providing protection at their recommended above ground and soil contact use levels. Many decay fungi caused substantial weight losses on blocks treated with chlorothalonil...
J J Morrell, C M Freitag
Interim report on the use of borate rods for the in-situ treatment of joinery
1980 - IRG/WP 3159
In the U.K. in recent years, it has been recognised that there is a major need for in-situ treatment of joinery at risk from or showing the early signs of decay. Several techniques have been developed to provide such a treatment, one of which is based on the insertion of anhydrous borate glass rods. The tests in hand are long term and this report is confined to the mycological isolation data from ...
D J Dickinson
Use of wood-decay fungi for disposal of PCP-treated wood
1995 - IRG/WP 95-50040-33
Although PCP has been classified as a priority pollutant, PCP-treated wood products are currently allowed to be disposed of as ordinary solid (non-hazardous) wastes in the US. Non-regulated disposal of these materials is allowed because PCP concentrations in extracts from PCP-treated products such as utility poles and crossarms, determined by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) h...
R T Lamar
Fenton's reagent as a modification tool in brown-rot decay
1996 - IRG/WP 96-10155
A biomimetic approach was used to clarify the role and importance of the Fenton-type reaction in the carbohydrate degradation by brown-rot fungi. Spruce sawdust and microcrystalline cellulose were modified in the H2O2/Fe(II) treatment. The degree of hydrolysis of the pretreated spruce sawdust was clearly increased with the complete cellulase (Econase), purified endoglucanase from Trichoderma reese...
M Rättö, A-C Ritschkoff, J Buchert, L Viikari
Observations on the performance of copper-based wood preservatives in fungal cellar (soil-bed) tests
1994 - IRG/WP 94-20047
Fungal cellar (soil-bed) tests are considered to be an important tool for the evaluation of the performance of ground contact wood preservatives. Facilities of this type have been established world wide although caution has been exercised in their introduction into standard testing methods for the approval of wood preservatives. This is the result of concerns over the variability in the biological...
G R Williams, D Rudolph, M E Hedley, J A Drysdale, R F Fox
Effect of cyclic change of temperature on fungal growth and mass loss
1994 - IRG/WP 94-10065
For estimating the effect of cycling change of temparature on fungal growth, four Japanese species, sugi (Cryptomeria japonica), hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa), akamatsu (Pinus densiflora) and buna (Fagus crenata), four fungal species, Tyromyces palustris, Gloeophyllum trabeum, Coriolus versicolor, Pycnoporus coccineus, and five temperature conditions, 10, 20, 27, 35°C and cyclic temperature (20°...
K Suzuki, K Okada
On the effectiveness of fumigants against wood-destroying insects and fungi in wooden cultural property
1993 - IRG/WP 93-10030
Based on a survey of the history of the use of fumigants the actual agents are mentioned in relation to their biogenic effect on wood-destroying insects and fungi as well as their corrosive behavior on cultural property. Furthermore the conditions for the use of reactive fumigants in buildings are discussed. Trials to control wood-destroying insects and fungi by nitrogen and bromomethane are the m...
W Unger, A Unger
Unsuitability of the limiting dose as a criterion for assessing the toxicity of preservatives to wood-destroying fungi
1974 - IRG/WP 243
In the majority of methods for investigating preservatives for wood-destroying fungi their toxicity is assessed by determining what is called the "limiting dose". This normally denotes a range of preservative solution concentrations or retentions of dry preservative in the timber, the lower value serving to indicate the amount of preservative at which is observed the expected effect, e.g. the grow...
D A Belenkov
The probable mechanism of action of boric acid and borates as wood preservatives
1990 - IRG/WP 1450
The tetrahydroxyborate ion [B(OH)4-] acts by complexation with poly-ols and probably attacks decay fungi through extracellular substrate sequestration; intracellular substrate sequestration; enzyme inhibition; and change in membrane function. Work was carried out to investigate this further and to try to explain certain phenomena observed in the area of boron preservation. The effect of Na borate ...
J D Lloyd, D J Dickinson, R J Murphy
Biochemical relationships between biodegradation of cellulose and formation of oxalic acid in brown-rot wood decay
1991 - IRG/WP 1472
Non-enzymic hydrolysis of cellulose with low concentrations of oxalic acid was examined. The incubation of pine wood pulp with 1% oxalic acid (pH 1.3) at 35°C for 4 weeks reduced the original viscosity to 60%. Reducing sugars were liberated from various cellulosic samples by the oxalic acid treatment. However, crystallinities of cellulose in those samples did not change before and after the treat...
M Shimada, Y Akamatsu, A Ohta, M Takahashi
Poplar wood and its damages in Iran
1987 - IRG/WP 1332
In Iran poplar planting has been used for many centuries ago specially in regions without forests. It had rural uses in ancient time, but recently many fast growing poplar species have been planted and many hybrids also have been planted; the following species had been cultivated widely in Iran: Populus nigra L. var. italica, Populus alba L., Populus caspica Bornm, Populus deltoides L., Populus X....
D Parsapajouh, P Niloufari
Screening results of fungicides for sapstain control on Pinus radiata
1983 - IRG/WP 3236
Thirty-two compounds were tested to determine their ability to contain the growth of stain, mould and rot organisms on fresh Pinus radiata D Don. A screening technique was employed using 35 to 50 mm diameter biscuits of Pinus radiata stemwood 10 mm thick. No compound was found to be cost effective when compared against the standard treatments of NaPCP (0.5% a.i.) plus borax (1.5%) and Captafol (0....
P J Hayward, J Duff, W Rae
Hardwood field experiment - 10 year report
1989 - IRG/WP 3560
The international hardwood field experiment was planned in 1976 and set up in some 34 different sites around the world. The test stakes include 4 reference species common to each site and in most cases at least 2 species of local importance (supplementary species). It was hoped that a picture of performance of a range of economically important timber species would be built up and at the same time ...
D J Dickinson, S M Gray
Laboratory screening to determine the preventive effectiveness against blue stain fungi and moulds
1991 - IRG/WP 3677
This paper reports results of preservative treatment and leaching experiments, using borax, polybor and boracol 20, on small wood blocks of English oak and American pitch pine heartwood. Earlier experiments on the performance of various biocides as possible additives to bilgewater to prevent fungal decay of shipping timbers had suggested that some formulations of boron might be associated with phy...
M T De Troya, A M Navarrete
Lethal temperature for some wood-destroying fungi with respect to eradication by heat treatment
1984 - IRG/WP 1229
The lethal heat dosis as a function of temperature and time of exposure has been tested for mycelium and for wood infested by three strains of Serpula lacrymans and by Coniophora puteana, Poria monticola, Paxillus panuoides, Gloeophyllum trabeum and Gloeophyllum sepiarium. Even for Serpula lacrymans, which is well known for its sensivity to heat treatment, 30 min at 55°C were necessary to kill th...
M Miric, H Willeitner
Analysis of D-glucose metabolism of wood decay fungi using 13C-NMR and 13C-labeled substrates
2003 - IRG/WP 03-10475
D-Glucose metabolism is thought to be important during wood decay by fungi, not only for anabolic and catabolic purposes of central metabolism, but also as a potential source of peroxide required by extracellular peroxidases. There has been some confusion in the literature as to whether this peroxide-generating activity is of the glucose 1-oxidase or pyranose 2-oxidase (glucose 2-oxidase) type wi...
T H de Koker, M D Mozuch, P J Kersten
The natural durability story
1997 - IRG/WP 97-20119
Wood species with superior natural durability were in use since the beginning of timber utilisation. Their importance decreased with increasing industrial timber impregnation. In recent time, however, they gained worldwide new interest due to environmental problems involved with treated timber. In Europe a special Standard (EN 350) has been published and a multinational research project on testing...
H Willeitner, R-D Peek
A technique for assessing the preventive efficacy against decay fungi of preservative treatments applied to wood
1988 - IRG/WP 2309
A method is described in which test blocks with envelope preservative treatments can be challenged by selected test fungi previously established on an untreated feeder block. The progress of the test fungus through the treated zone is monitored using novel baits or sensors inserted in holes drilled into blocks to within predetermined distances of the face being challenged. Preliminary results show...
J K Carey, A F Bravery
Potential toxicants for controlling soft rot in preservative treated hardwoods. Part 1: Laboratory screening tests using a filter paper technique
1977 - IRG/WP 290
Thirty-one miscellaneous formulations have been screened using a filter paper assay technique, for their efficacy in controlling the growth of Chaetomium globosum, Cephalosporium acremonium, and a mixed inoculum of finely ground soft-rotted wood obtained from preservative treated transmission poles. The formulations consisted of various organic compounds and inorganic preparations made from differ...
H Greaves
Remedial ground-line treatment of CCA poles in service. Results of chemical and microbiological analyses 6 months after treatment
1986 - IRG/WP 3388
CCA-treated poles in service with incipient internal soft rot were remedially treated by inserting borate rods, brushing with a boron/glycol solution and injecting boric acid paste, copper/creosote paste or a commercial product (DFCK paste). The spread of active chemicals in the treated zone as well as the change in microflora have been studied with time. After six months chemicals had spread to m...
B Henningsson, H Friis-Hansen, A Käärik, M-L Edlund
SEM investigation of the production of extracellular mucilaginous material (ECM) by some wood inhabiting and wood decay fungi when grown on inert surfaces
1997 - IRG/WP 97-10194
A range of wood inhabiting and wood decay fungi have been studied for their production of extracellular mucilage when grown on inert surfaces, for comparison with their growth on wood. The species tested were: Coniophora puteana, Coriolus versicolor, Chaetomium globosum, Trichoderma harzianum, Ceratocystis coerulescens, Ophiostoma piceae, Mucor sp. and Penicillium sp. They were grown on plastic me...
A R Abu, R J Murphy, D J Dickinson
Effect of microfibril orientation of bamboo cell wall on soft rot penetration hyphae
1994 - IRG/WP 94-10087
The effect of microfibrillar orientation of bamboo (Phyllostachys virideglaucescence) cell wall on the development of soft rot (Chaetomium globosum) penetration hyphae was investigated. It was found that the soft rot penetration hyphae normally followed the microfibril angle of the cell wall. Bamboo cell walls have alternating broad and narrow lamellae with different microfibrillar angles. The mic...
O Sulaiman, R J Murphy
Wood colonizing fungi as a human pathogen
1992 - IRG/WP 92-1523
Today we recognize some 174 "pathogens" among the approximately 100000 species of fungi, which cause different diseases on man. 24 fungi which are well known as wood colonizing fungi have been identified as opportunistic human pathogen. Some of them have been found on the surface of the human body, causing superficial mycoses, or cutaneous infection, like dermatophytosis or dermatomycosis. Other c...
R Benko
Oxalic acid quantification, oxaloacetase assay and ESI localization of P, C, and Fe from the brown rot fungus Postia placenta
1994 - IRG/WP 94-10063
The mechanism by which brown-rot fungi initiate depolymerization of holocellulose in wood remains unknown. Recently, oxalic acid (OA) has received considerable attention in cellulose breakdown by brown-rot fungi. The OA could serve as a proton donor for hydrolytic or an electron donor for oxidative (Fenton's reaction-H2O2/Fe2+) cleavages of cellulose. The acid may originate via oxaloaceta...
C R Jordan, W V Dashek, T L Highley