Your search resulted in 1263 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Impregnation of timber with tannin as a mean of improving its dimensional stability
1992 - IRG/WP 92-3695
The results of a joint project carried out at the Timber Division of LNEC under the 2nd research programme of the CEC DGXII - "Wood as a renewable raw material" entitled "Stabilization of wood by impregnation processes" is presented. Pieces Maritime pine timber was impregnated with tannin under pressure to see if the treatment with tannin improved the behavior of wood regarding its dimensional sta...
J S Machado
IRG/COIPM INTERNATIONAL MARINE TEST - To determine the effect of timber substrate on the efectiveness of different preservatives in sea-water: Coding scheme
1976 - IRG/WP 420
It was agreed in Wildhaus on 15 May 1976 that preparations for the test detailed in Document No: IRG/WP/414 should commence immediately, but that initially only two water-borne preservatives should be used - a copper/chrome/arsenic (CCA) and a copper/chrome/boron (CCB) formulation respectively. PRL, England (R Cockcroft) would be responsible for supplying only the reference species treated with th...
Anonymous
Leaching Characteristics of Alder Wood Treated with Copper Based Wood Preservatives
2005 - IRG/WP 05-50225
In this study, it was designed for determining leaching characteristics of CCA and alternatives wood preservatives. Alder wood blocks were treated with CCA (1 % and 2 %), ACQ-1900 (2 % and 3 %), ACQ-2200 (1 % and 2 %), Tanalith E 3491 (2 % and 2.8 %), Wolmanit CX-8 (% 1 and 2 %). Leaching studies were conducted according to AWPA E11-97. Copper analyses of leachate were determined Atomic absorption...
A Temiz, Ü C Yildiz, E D Gezer, S Yildiz, E Dizman
Quantification of creosote and fluoride in remedially-treated poles
1997 - IRG/WP 97-40097
Three creosoted transmission poles were put into service in 1961 and they were subsequently remedially-treated with a proprietary fluoride remedial paste formulation in 1981. The poles were removed from service in 1996 and their ground-contact regions were analysed for creosote and fluoride contents. It was found that the poles were undecayed. Creosote retentions decreased down the profiles of the...
B P Hill
Performance of borate-treated lumber in a protected, above-ground field test in Japan
2004 - IRG/WP 04-30344
This document is supplemental to the previous IRG document (Tsunoda et al., 2002).
An experiment to simulate the sill plate (dodai) of the Japanese houses was conducted at the termite field test site of the Wood Research Institute in Kagoshima, Japan where two economically important subterranean termite species [Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki and Reticulitermes speratus (Kolbe)] are established. ...
K Tsunoda, A Byrne, P I Morris, J K Grace
A bioassay of remedially treated pole material
1987 - IRG/WP 3453
Stubs prepared from treated and untreated utility poles were installed in a test plot and pressure spade treated at the groundline with one of four preservative greases. At one and three year intervals, core samples were removed from the stubs and the improvement in the preservative efficacy due to the greases was assessed. The bioassay investigation showed that only bis(tributyltin) oxide (TBTO) ...
J N R Ruddick, L Parker
Removing Cu, Cr and As from CCA treated yellow pine by oleic acid
2003 - IRG/WP 03-50202
In this study, CCA treated yellow pine utility poles were cut into three different dimensions and 4 different pH levels (2, 2.5, 3.5 and 5) of Oleic acid was used. The leached wood samples were collected at the end of the 1, 3, 7 and 14 days to determine the remaining Cu, Cr and As concentrations. The concentrations of Cu, Cr and As were determined by X-RF. The effects of pH, dimension and duratio...
E D Gezer, Ü C Yildiz, S Yildiz, E Dizman, A Temiz
Natural decay resistance of some lesser known /used timber species from the forests of Tanzania
2005 - IRG/WP 05-10557
In order to manage the Tropical forest in a sustainable manner and increase the resource base for their wood industries, many Tropical African timber producing countries including Tanzania are promoting the many lesser known/used timbers in their forests as alternative sources of wood to the over-exploited primary timber species. Four lesser known/utilized timber species from the forests of Tanzan...
S A Amartey, P R Gillah, R C Ishengoma, J Gabriel, D H Kitojo
Uptake by grape plants of preservatives from pressure-treated posts not detected
1975 - IRG/WP 350
Leaf and stem tissue and fruit of grape plants (Vitis rotundifolia Michx. cv. Magnolia) were analyzed for copper, chromium, and arsenic, 1, 2, and 3 years after planting 3 inches from copper-chrome-arsenate or fluor-chrome-arsenate-dinitrophenol-treated southern pine posts. Quantities of copper in leaf and stem tissue and fruit of plants next to posts treated with copper-containing preservatives r...
M P Levi, D Huisingh, W B Nesbitt
Whitewood - An external joinery timber?
1975 - IRG/WP 253
The timber used traditionally for softwood joinery in the UK is redwood (Pinus sylvestris). In the past its ready availability in the desired sizes and quality and its durability in service encouraged little competition. However, the past decade has seen some erosion of this position, particularly through the increased proportion of sapwood in redwood supplies. Since the sapwood is less durable th...
J W W Morgan
Speciation of leachates from CCA-treated wood
2005 - IRG/WP 05-50224-27
Different species of arsenic and chromium are characterized by different toxicities and different mobilities. The environmental impacts of CCA-treated wood would therefore be a function of the chemical forms of the metal releases. As a consequence a series of tasks were undertaken to evaluate arsenic and chromium species from CCA-treated wood. The intent of these tasks was to quantify the total...
H M Solo-Gabriele, T G Townsend, Yong Cai, B I Khan, Jin-Kun Song, J Jambeck, B Dubey, Yong-Chul Jang
Microbial ecology of treated Lap-joints exposed at Hilo, Hawaii for 24 months
1997 - IRG/WP 97-20107
This paper is a continuation of previous work reported in IRG/WP 96-20089 by Molnar et al. (1996) in which Lap-joints, made from Southern yellow pine and treated with ACQ, DDAC or propiconazole were sampled over 12 months exposure at Hilo, Hawaii. 18 and 24 month samplings have since taken place and are reported here. TnBTO treated Lap-joints made of scots pine which were exposed later as a standa...
S Molnar, D J Dickinson, R J Murphy
CCA removal from treated wood by chemical, mechanical and microbial processing
1998 - IRG/WP 98-50101-26
Most preservative-treated wood produced and consumed in the U.S. is treated with toxic inorganic compounds containing copper, chromium, and arsenic. Because chromated copper arsenate (CCA) is fixed to the wood, treated wood has not been considered toxic or hazardous and is currently landfilled. Increasing public concern about environmental contamination from treated wood combined with increasing q...
C A Clausen, R L Smith
Determination of thermal degradation of isothiazolone treated wood
1997 - IRG/WP 97-30154
Wood treated with 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one was the subject of thermal degradation study. The study included burning isothiazolone treated wood under various temperatures with and without oxygen. The result showed that no harmful combustion products, such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-furans and polychlorinated biphenyls, were detected. These fin...
Bing Yu
The effects of pH on leaching of copper-chrome-arsenate (CCA) from pressure-treated Kenyan-grown Eucalyptus saligna and Acacia mearnsii: Initial findings.
2002 - IRG/WP 02-30298
The effects of pH on leaching of CCA from pressure-treated Kenyan-grown Eucalyptus saligna and Acacia mearnsii were tested under laboratory conditions. Small samples of the two species (100mm x 30mm x 40mm) were smooth sawn from 8-year old trees to represent equal amounts of both sapwood and heartwood, air-dried to 12% moisture content, end-sealed, and pressure-treated at a commercial treatment p...
R Venkatasamy
The extraction of boron from treated wood for quantitative analysis: A comparison of procedures
1992 - IRG/WP 92-2414
The extraction of boron preservative from treated rubberwood and scots pine samples was compared using methods based on refluxing and extraction in 1N NaOH or distilled water at 80°C. The extract solutions were analysed by Inductively Coupled Plasma spectroscopy (ICP/AES). A simple extraction procedure based on immersion of wood samples of approximate dimension 2 x 1 x 1 cm³ in distilled water a...
R J Murphy, D J Dickinson, P W McCormack, M K Lung
Effect of humidity and temperature on fastener withdrawal resistance from CCA and ACZA treated Douglas-fir
2000 - IRG/WP 00-20209
The effects of preservative treatment on fastener withdrawal was investigated in Douglas-fir lumber conditioned to two moisture regimes. In general, conditioning samples to 19% moisture content produced more substantial changes in withdrawal resistance of galvanized fasteners than did conditioning to 12%. Treatment had little or no effect on withdrawal resistance of stainless steel fasteners. With...
Sung-Mo Kang, J J Morrell
The effect of kerfing on check formation in treated white spruce (Picea glauca) poles
1981 - IRG/WP 3167
62 white spruce poles, 6 m in length, were cut from full size utility poles commercially pressure treated with preservative. 21 of the poles were treated with pentachlorophenol, while of the remainder, all of which were treated with ammoniacal copper arsenate, 22 were kerfed and 19 were unkerfed. The poles were installed in the Westham Island field test site, near Vancouver, and inspected annually...
J N R Ruddick
Long-Term Release of Arsenic, Chromium, and Copper from CCA-Treated Wood and Ash
2005 - IRG/WP 05-50227
In this study, laboratory long-term leaching studies were conducted to characterize the leaching behavior of arsenic, chromium, and copper from CCA-treated wood samples (block, chip, and sawdust) and CCA-wood ash and to determine the rate of release of the metals from the CCA wood products. The leaching solutions were periodically collected and analyzed for the concentrations of arsenic, chromium,...
Hyunmyung Yoon, Heeseok Kang, Yong-Chul Jang
Leaching tests on CCA-treated wood using inorganic salt solutions
1984 - IRG/WP 3310
Pinus radiata sapwood treated to approximately 10 kg/m³ with Tanalith NCA or Tanalith C-type CCA preservatives was ground to a fine powder and samples were then leached with solutions of calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, or a mixture of potassium di-hydrogen orthophosphate and di-potassium hydrogen orthophosphate, at 0.03M-1.00M solution concentrations. Leached wood samples we...
D V Plackett
Risk of extension of Hylotrupes bajulus attack in glued laminated timber
1977 - IRG/WP 278
Although efficient work-methods and maintenance procedures, which prevent the wood from becoming damp and are therefore successful in considerably reducing and even in excluding the risks of decay, such methods are ineffective in eliminating the risks of infestation and destruction of timber by the House Longhorn Beetle, Hylotrupes bajulus, the chief enemy of softwood timber structures. The possib...
M-M Serment
Analysis of the boron content of preservative treated oak and pitch pine heartwood before and after leaching
1992 - IRG/WP 92-3697
Studies to determine the effects, if any, of a variety of boron formulations on heartwood of English oak and American Pitch pine have been previously reported (King et al (1991)). Small wood blocks were treated, at 10°C or 45°C, with borax, polybor or Boracol 20 for periods of 1 month or 4 months then analysed or continuously leached with tap water for a period of 1 month. Reported results showe...
S McCutcheon, G M Smith, J W Palfreyman, B King
Relating CCA fixation to leaching of CCA components from treated products
1995 - IRG/WP 95-50045
The relationship between chromium fixation in CCA-C treated wood, as determined by CrVI analysis of solution expressed from treated wood and the leaching of Cu, Cr, As and CrVI in a simulated rain test are evaluated for dimension lumber (2"x6") and pole sections. Leachate concentrations after 2 hour exposure to a misting spray (about 300 mm cumulative rainfall) decrease rapidly with increased degr...
P A Cooper, R MacVicar, Y T Ung
Methods of testing anti-stain chemicals for protecting sawn timber during storage and transport
1976 - IRG/WP 273
No international standard method for testing anti-stain chemicals for protecting fresh sawn timber exists. The methods used can be divided into three types: a) Rapid screening tests for finding chemicals effective against blue-stain and mould fungi. The chemicals are tested in agar medium, in pieces of filter paper or on small pieces of wood using pure cultures. b) Laboratory tests for evaluating ...
T Vihavainen
Wood cement composites using spent CCA treated wood
1999 - IRG/WP 99-50126
The feasibility of using spent or out-of-service CCA treated wood as a component of wood/cement composites was evaluated. Cold pressed wood particle cement boards were made using CCA treated particles from a red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) pole removed from service and from untreated red pine wood from a new pole. Boards were manufactured using a range of wood to cement ratios and water to cement r...
Chen Huang, P A Cooper