Your search resulted in 183 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
The effects of chemical modification on the biological properties of alder and spruce particleboards
2007 - IRG/WP 07-40363
This study is evaluated by measuring the weight loss, and the ability of white and brown-rot fungi to attack unmodified and modified particleboards manufactured using spruce (Picea orientalis (L.) Link.) and alder (Alnus glutinosa) chips. The chips were reacted with acetic, succinic, maleic and phthalic anhydride at constant temperature for 3 hours then, hot pressed at 150 °C by using phenol for...
Ü C Yildiz, E Dizman, S Yildiz, A Temiz, M Aslan, E D Gezer
Quantitative and qualitative losses in wood of oriental spruce, Picea orientalis (L.) Link., induced by insects from forest to utility
2008 - IRG/WP 08-10647
In this study, some quantitative and qualitative losses in wood of oriental spruce, Picea orientalis (L.) Link., induced by insects from forest to utility were evaluated. In experimental plots, volume of trees damaged by Dendroctonus micans (Kug.) was 34% of the volume of total standing spruce trees in the oriental spruce forests of Turkey. The volume of standing trees that D. micans damaged was ...
H A Akinci, M Eroglu, G E Özcan, Ü C Yildiz
Influence of Polyvinyl acetate emulsion (PVA) on boron leaching and fungicidal properties
2008 - IRG/WP 08-30451
Boron compounds are very effective fungicides, but unfortunately they leach from wood. In order to improve boron fixation, boric acid, borax were combined with polyvinyl acetate emulsion (PVA). For comparison copper salts were included into this research as well. Selected preservative solutions were chosen for impregnation of Norway spruce wood specimens (Picea abies). Wood blocks were exposed to ...
M Humar, B Lesar, P Kralj
Spruce and pine heartwood treatment by means of microwave radiation
2008 - IRG/WP 08-40411
An easier penetrability and a more even uptake of wood protection agents is aimed for the two most common wood species in Europe, namely Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Scots pine heartwood (Pinus sylvestris), particularly when there is a great difference in absorption behavior of sapwood and heartwood. Microwave conditioning can improve permeability, reduce density and heat conductivity and chang...
A Treu, H Rieche, H Militz
Spruce and pine heartwood treatment by means of microwave radiation
2008 - IRG/WP 08-40411
An easier penetrability and a more even uptake of wood protection agents is aimed for the two most common wood species in Europe, namely Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Scots pine heartwood (Pinus sylvestris), particularly when there is a great difference in absorption behavior of sapwood and heartwood. Microwave conditioning can improve permeability, reduce density and heat conductivity and chang...
A Treu, H Rieche, H Militz
Surface Characteristics of Southern pine treated with Eastern red cedar oil
2008 - IRG/WP 08-40393
Treatment of wood with various chemicals play an important role on their surface characteristics including as roughness and hardness for further processing such as finishing and machining. The objective of this study is to evaluate surface roughness of Southern pine (Pinus taeda L.) treated
with oil extracted from eastern redcedar (Juniperus viginiana L.). Both tangential and radial surfaces of...
S Hiziroglu
Effects of acetic acid and nitric acid pre-treatment on copper content of spruce wood treated with CBA-A and CCA
2008 - IRG/WP 08-40406
This work investigates the effects of nitric acid and acetic acid on compression strength values and copper retention contents of refractory spruce wood (Picea oriental L.) treated with the waterborne preservative Copper azole, (CBA-A, Tanalith-E 3492) and copper / chrom / arsenic (CCA). Before the CBA-A and CCA treatment, the samples were immersed in 500 ml of nitric and acetic acid solutions for...
S Yildiz, E Dizman, Ü C Yildiz
Changes in hygroscopic, mechanical and surface properties of Scottish-grown Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis) wood subjected to dry heat treatment
2008 - IRG/WP 08-40415
Heat-treatment is a wood modification method which has been used to some extent in improving timber quality. However, the main limitation in the use of this technique despite its numerous advantages is the adverse effects on the various properties associated with the use of wood as an engineering material. Dry heat treatment of Scottish-grown Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) wood was carried out at...
L Awoyemi, M C Jarvis, A Hapca
A review of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) as its Importance and Breeding
2010 - IRG/WP 10-10717
Foresters tend to concentrate on those species which are the easiest to handle silviculturally, and which will produce the greatest volume of generally useful wood in the shortest time. Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.), which is a softwood species from the western seaboard of North America with a range extending from southern Alaska to northern California, is one of the pioneer specie...
I Usta, R Despot
Frequency of fungal decay in softwood windows in Germany
2010 - IRG/WP 10-10725
Knowing how often fungal decay occurs is a fundamental basis for general recommendations of preservative measures. To optimize the German recommendations for chemical wood preservation of windows made out of pine or spruce more than 2000 windows have been inspected. All windows had an opaque coating and were between 2 and 17 years old. The selection of the inspected windows was kept as randomly as...
D Lukowsky, O Moarcas, A Luette
Analyzing hyphal growth of the bio incising fungus Physisporinus vitreus with light-, confocal laser scanning- and, Synchrotron X-ray tomographic microscopy
2010 - IRG/WP 10-20438
Norway spruce wood is an important building material for the forest and wood industry. To improve wood permeability and uptake of wood modification substances Physisporinus vitreus is employed as a bioincising agent. In this study wood specimens were incubated with P. vitreus to assess hyphal colonisation and structural alterations of Norway spruce wood. After different incubation periods, semi-th...
C Stührk, M Fuhr, M Schubert, F W M R Schwarze
Kinetic Water Vapour Sorption of Sitka Spruce at Variable Temperature Using the Parallel Exponential Kinetics Model
2010 - IRG/WP 10-40512
In this study the water vapour sorption of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bongard) Carr.) was measured using a Dynamic Vapour Sorption (DVS) apparatus and then analysed using the parallel exponential kinetics (PEK) model. The water vapour sorption rate of wood quickly increased when the relative humidity was changed. With the elapse of time, the sorption rate gradually decreased within any specif...
Yanjun Xie, C Hill
Study of Microscopy Properties of Modified Wood During Weathering Process
2010 - IRG/WP 10-40517
In this study spruce (Picea excelsa) and Beech (Fagus orientalis) wood acetylated and has been subjected of artificial weathering in difference times (0, 50,150&300 h), then wood surface analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The SEM results shown that the surface of wood exposed to weathering undergoes distinct physical changes and the surface degradation appears to be directly propor...
M Akhtari
Testing of decay resistance of sapwood and heartwood of thermally modified Scots pine and Norway spruce
2010 - IRG/WP 10-40523
Thermal modification at elevated temperatures changes the chemical, biological and physical properties of wood. One of the main targets of thermal modification is to increase the biological durability and decay resistance of wood. Although the effects of thermal modification on wood have been widely studied, the significance of sapwood and heartwood on the resistance of thermally modified wood has...
H Viitanen, S Metsä-Kortelainen
Effect of Coatings on the Durability of Birch and Spruce Plywood. Part 1: Weathering Performance
2010 - IRG/WP 10-40526
Several different coated birch and spruce plywood types were investigated in Finland using outdoor weathering. The weather performance of the tested coated birch plywood was good compared with uncoated birch and spruce plywood. The paint base film coated and painted birch plywood performed well in outdoor testing at VTT's test site. Phenol film coated plywood was sensitive to UV light, but on...
A Nurmi, H Viitanen
Effect of Coatings on the Durability of Birch and Spruce Plywood. Part 2: Biological Durability
2010 - IRG/WP 10-40527
Several different coated birch and spruce plywood types were investigated in Finland using the combination of outdoor weathering and decay test EN 12038. The most important factor to affect on the biological performance of birch plywood, coated and uncoated, was edge sealing. For spruce plywood edge sealing had a smaller effect. However, in spite of positive effect against decay, edge sealing did ...
A Nurmi, H Viitanen
Influence of wood swelling agents on penetration and copper leaching of copper-ethanolamine based wood preservatives
2011 - IRG/WP 11-30556
Copper ethanolamine based preservatives are currently the most important solutions for impregnation of wood in ground contact in Europe. One of the issues related to those and similar water based solutions is insufficient penetration to refractory wood species like Norway spruce. In order to elucidate this issue, commercial copper ethanolamine based solution was supplemented with five different wo...
M Humar, N Thaler, B Lesar
Adsorption boundary curve influenced by step interval of relative humidity investigated by Dynamic Vapour Sorption equipment
2011 - IRG/WP 11-40547
The adsorption of water vapour from dry conditions by Norway spruce sapwood has been investigated using Dynamic Vapour Sorption (DVS) instrumentation. This equipment allows a fast and easy data acquisition as well as enables detailed studies of sorption properties using very small sample masses. In this study, particular focus was paid to the effect of step size on the sorption isotherms. Furtherm...
E Tang Engelund, M Klamer, T Mark Venås
A Review of Radial Flow of the Refractory Softwoods: An Example of Sitka Spruce
2011 - IRG/WP 11-40564
As one of the refractory softwood species, the major problems in the preservative treatment of spruce based on the radial flow relate to the anatomical structure of the wood material. The most important morphological features influencing this were the amount of the nature and the condition of both ray tracheids and ray parenchyma cells, and the cross-field pits in particular. The conducting pathwa...
Ilker Usta, Radovan Despot
Eastern redcedar included sapwood: Resistance to mold and termites under laboratory conditions
2012 - IRG/WP 12-10765
The heartwood of eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) frequently contains areas of light-colored wood. This “included sapwood” is considered to be a defect by some manufacturers. In this study, sapwood, included sapwood and heartwood samples from five eastern redcedar trees were exposed to mold fungi or to subterranean termites in a no-choice feeding test. Extractives content was also measu...
C Köse, A M Taylor
Performance of wood treated with linseed and tung oil against wood decay fungi and wetting
2012 - IRG/WP 12-30598
Most of the European wood species does not have durable wood. In order to use it in outdoor conditions nondurable material has to be protected. Nowadays, non-biocidal solutions for wood protection are attracting a lot of attention, particularly in use class 2 and 3 applications. One of the non-biocidal techniques is treatment of wood with water repellents like wax emulsions and oils. Linseed oil a...
M Humar, B Lesar
Field-testing of Norway Spruce Claddings with Monitoring of Moisture Content, Material Temperature and Microclimate
2012 - IRG/WP 12-20502
The physical function of a cladding is to protect the interior construction. Under normal circumstances the performance requirements can be met for a very long time, meaning that the technical service life of a wooden cladding can be very long. Since the cladding is a major part of the facade, it also has visual requirements that may define the aesthetic service life, and often it is much shorter ...
G I Vestøl, L Ross Gobakken
Water absorption and desorption of non treated, pressure impregnated, and pine oil treated glulam made of small diameter Scots pine and Norway spruce
2012 - IRG/WP 12-40616
A growing proportion of harvested timber originates from the first or second commercial thinning stands in Finland, which means smaller average log volumes in comparison to final felling stands. Smaller log volume means challenging wood properties such as higher proportion of juvenile wood and sapwood. Due to these facts, products made of small diameter logs are prone to twist and check, and have ...
H Heräjärvi, V Möttönen, R Stöd
The influence of microclimate on the moisture conditions in a Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) joint exposed to artificial rain
2013 - IRG/WP 13-20505
Wood structures outdoors are susceptible to decay if they are exposed to high moisture contents during long periods of time. Structures with joints that act as water traps are especially exposed since high moisture contents are reached in such positions. This paper presents a part of a laboratory study that concerns the relationship between the microclimate and the material climate, i.e. the moist...
M Fredriksson, L Wadsö, P Johansson
Extraction and analysis of DNA from green and seasoned timber as basic methods for determination of wood species and origin
2013 - IRG/WP 13-20523
Against the background of the European timber trade regulation EUTR, commenced to law by March 2013, the determination of wood species and tracing of its origin is getting a great importance. A promising approach for establishing fast and reliable tracking systems for wood products is DNA analysis. A critical point is the extraction of analysable DNA from the wood and its lignified cell walls. Thu...
K Jacobs, H Mende, W Scheiding