Your search resulted in 1463 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Assessment of the Envelope Effect of Three Hot Oil Treatments: Resistance to Decay by Coniophora puteana and Postia placenta
2006 - IRG/WP 06-40344
Timber of Corsican pine (Pinus nigra var. maritima) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) was treated in hot linseed oil, rapeseed oil and a proprietary resin derived from linseed oil. The samples were immersed in oil or resin under reduced pressure at temperatures of 180°C and 200°C. Very high uptakes of the oils or resin were recorded for pine, while spruce showed lower weight percent gains, below...
M J Spear, C A S Hill, S F Curling, D Jones, M D C Hale
Furfurylated wood - An alternative to Preservative-treated wood
2006 - IRG/WP 06-40349
Chemically modified wood is currently being marketed as a non-toxic alternative to traditional preservative treated wood (wood impregnated with biocides). Over the last decade the authors have developed modernised processes for wood modified by furfurylation. These new systems do not add metals or halogens to the product, which is important for an environmentally acceptable product. This presentat...
S Lande, M H Schneider, M Westin, J Phillips
Wood-Plastic Composites and the Durability Dilemma: Observations from the Field
2006 - IRG/WP 06-40351
Wood-Plastic Composites (WPCs) used for decking, window & door moldings have experienced dramatic growth in North America over the last several years, with annual production increasing at rates greater than 20% per annum since 1998. A key factor contributing to this growth has been the successfully communicated message that they are "virtually maintenance free". The common perception being t...
M J Manning, F M Ascherl, M E Mankowski
Resistance of DMDHEU-treated pine wood against termite and fungi attack in field testing according to EN 252. Results after 30 months
2006 - IRG/WP 06-40354
The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness against decay and termite attack of pine sapwood treated with pure and modified DMDHEU in a field test according to European Standard EN 252. Some of the treatments tested were able to increase, within the period of the test reported (30 months), the resistance of the wood both to micro-organisms and termites. The curing process seems to be ...
S Schaffert, L Nunes, A Krause, H Militz
Laboratory Leaching Tests to Study the Effects of Post-Treatment Storage Periods on CCA Leachability and Fixation in Treated Permeable and Refractory Malaysian Hardwoods
2006 - IRG/WP 06-50240
The biological resistance and environmental safety of CCA-treated wood relies on the extent of post-treatment storage fixation of CCA in wood prior to being utilized. A study on the comparative leachability (fixation) of CCA-treated refractory and permeable heartwoods of 3 Malaysian hardwoods subjected to different post-treatment storage (fixation) periods of up to 4 weeks, at 2 laboratory leachin...
A H H Wong, H C Lai, N P T Lim
Biological Protection of Composite Panel from Moulds and Decay
2007 - IRG/WP 07-10612
Composite panels, such as oriented strand board (OSB), are widely used in house construction in North America. These structural panels are normally made of non-durable wood species and are susceptible to moulds and decay when exposed to wet conditions. Building envelope failures due to moulds, decay or poor construction practices can negatively impact the image of wood. To ensure durability of com...
Dian-Qing Yang, Xiang-Ming Wang, Hui Wan
Phenol oxidase activity and one-electron oxidation activity in wood degradation by soft-rot deuteromycetes
2007 - IRG/WP 07-10615
Wood degradation, one-electron oxidation activity as assayed by ethylene generation from 2-keto-4-thiomethylbutyric acid (KTBA), and phenol oxidase activity were measured in cultures of six deuteromyce fungi, with glucose or wood as the carbon source. The four fungi that degraded Japanese beech wood had higher one-electron oxidation activities in wood-containing cultures than in glucose-containing...
H Tanaka, M Yamakawa, S Itakura, A Enoki
Accelerated assessment tests of new termiticides
2007 - IRG/WP 07-20353
One of the biological agents, which cause major damage to wood in Spain, is the subterranean termites.
The systems used for controlling termites don’t eradicate them, and the products presently used to treat wood against them, due to their toxicity and their persistence in the environment, could be prohibited in the near future in Europe as consequence of the 98/8/EC Directive (usually called t...
M T Troya, M J Prieto, D Lorenzo, F Rubio
A New Decay Hazard Map for North America Using the Scheffer Index
2008 - IRG/WP 08-10672
Wood decay experts in the USA and Canada use the Scheffer Index for above-ground wood decay potential to decide among design and treatment options to ensure the durability of wood construction. This paper provides an updated North American decay hazard map and includes data on Central America. Index values calculated from recent climate data are higher than published values due to directional or c...
P I Morris, J Wang
Detecting fungal DNA in treated and non-treated wood
2007 - IRG/WP 07-10621
Isolating fungi from wood has long involved culturing on selective media followed by identification using various keys. This process can be cumbersome, costly, and, most importantly, not always capable of detecting all of the fungi present. The recent development of molecular methods for isolation and identification of fungi has created tremendous opportunities for expanding our knowledge of the...
C Freitag, M Freitag, J Morrell
The use of X-ray diffraction for analyzing biomodification of crystalline cellulose by wood decay fungi
2007 - IRG/WP 07-10622
X-ray diffraction (XRD) is based on the creation of an interference pattern by x-rays when they encounter a regularly spaced matrix. In wood, this process has been used to determine, among other things, the average width of the cellulose microcrystals, the percent of crystalline cellulose within the wood, and can be used to examine the changes in these parameters during degradation. Enhanced under...
C Howell, A C Steenkjær Hastrup, J Jellison
A roadmap for performance-based specification of wooden components based on service life prediction
2007 - IRG/WP 07-20351
The need for an unified and harmonised system for performance classification and specification of wood and wood-based products in Europe emanates from requirements of users and the European Construction Products Directive, CPD. A road to a feasible specification system is outlined. Exposure-related performance prediction was worked out as a key task on the way to product specification. Therefore s...
C Brischke, A O Rapp
Decay Hazard Classifications in China for Exterior Above-Ground Wood
2007 - IRG/WP 07-20357
A decay hazard map for exterior above-ground wood structures is presented based on Scheffer’s Climate Index, with the major purpose of promoting awareness for proper protection of wood structures in different locations in China. A very large area in the South, including southern Yunnan, most of Sichuan Province and Chongqing, and part of Hunan, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi, and Zhejiang, as well as all...
J Wang, X Wu, M Jiang, P I Morris
Effect of fungal attack on maximum load capacity of simulated wall assemblies
2007 - IRG/WP 07-20363
The effects of moisture intrusion and fungal attack on the maximum load capacity of nailed assemblies was investigated using one white and one brown rot fungus against 4 material combinations over a 20 week period. Wetting significantly reduced the maximum load capacity of all four material combinations, while wetting and autoclaving only affected the OSB sheathing/spruce stud. The white rot fung...
N Melencion, J J Morrell
Comparison of laboratory termite test methods
2007 - IRG/WP 07-20365
Seven standardized laboratory tests with termites were evaluated. The bioassays were made in accordance with EN 117, SAA32 E08, SAA32 E09, Ebw 02, the American Wood-Preservers’ Association (AWPA) Standard E1-97, the Japan Wood Preserving Association (JWPA) Standard 11 (1) and The Protocols for Assessment of Wood Preservatives. Two different wood preservatives each in three concentrations and add...
H-U Kruschinski, W Unger, A F Preston
Some textile auxiliaries as wood protective agents
2007 - IRG/WP 07-30417
This study evaluated some textile auxiliaries applicable for wood protection. Commercial alkoxysilane quarternary ammonium formulation and fluorocarbon based water-oil repellent were tested for their ability to provide hydrophobicity and antifungal effect to solid wood samples. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood samples were impregnated with 25, 50 and 100 % concentrations of the above menti...
E Dizman, A Temiz, N Terziev, Ü C Yildiz
Study of natural durability of Spanish Eucalyptus globulus wood
2007 - IRG/WP 07-10617
In some countries such as Australia, the wood of Eucalyptus globulus is recommended, due to its high durability, in risk situations where attack by organisms is likely to occur. In Galicia this species has been used for many decades for timber structures, which are still used. However, European Standard EN-350-2 places Eucalyptus globulus in the worst category of natural durability, a situation th...
D Lorenzo, M T Troya, M J Prieto, C Baso, M Touza
Chelator-Mediated Fenton Chemistry in Wood Degraded by Fungi
2007 - IRG/WP 07-10618
Wood specimens were colonized by individual isolates of brown rot, white rot, soft rot and blue (sap) stain fungi. Ethyl acetate extracts of the ground wood were analyzed for their iron-reducing capabilities using a ferrozine-based assay. Extracts from wood colonized by brown rot fungi showed a significantly greater iron-reducing capability than extracts from wood colonized by white rot fungi or n...
B Goodell, G Daniel, J Jellison, Yuhui Qian
Effects of heat treatments on decay resistance and material properties of ponderosa pine and yellow poplar
2007 - IRG/WP 07-40374
The potential for using heat treatment to improve the properties of North American fenestration species was evaluated on ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa L) and yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L) treated using the ThermoWood process at various treatment temperatures and times. Soil block tests using Gloeophyllum trabeum, Postia placenta, or Trametes versicolor showed that durability was enh...
C Vidrine, C Freitag, J Nicholson, J J Morrell
Effects of chlorothalonil (CTN) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) on microbial communities involved in the deterioration of wood using T-RFLP II: Results from field studies
2007 - IRG/WP 07-30429
The effects of Chlorothalonil (CTN) and Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) on microbial species diversity in wood and the surrounding soil are being assessed by Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP). CTN was selected as a trial organic wood preservative, and the non-biocidal BHT was evaluated for its synergistic effects with CTN. ACQ-C was a positive control and untreated SYP sta...
G T Kirker, M L Prewitt, S V Diehl
The influence of pentachlorophenol on mycelial growth of wood decay fungi Trametes versicolor, Grifola frondosa, Hypoxylon fragiforme, and Coniophora puteana
2007 - IRG/WP 07-30437
Polychlorinated phenols have been one of the most commonly used biocides. In recent time they have been increasingly eliminated from the marked. Because of their high stability, they are still present in numerous products, including impregnated wood. In our research we studied in vitro the influences of pentachlorophenol and/or sodium pentachlorophenolate on mycelial growth of four wood degrading ...
F Pohleven, B Boh
The effects of chemical modification on the biological properties of alder and spruce particleboards
2007 - IRG/WP 07-40363
This study is evaluated by measuring the weight loss, and the ability of white and brown-rot fungi to attack unmodified and modified particleboards manufactured using spruce (Picea orientalis (L.) Link.) and alder (Alnus glutinosa) chips. The chips were reacted with acetic, succinic, maleic and phthalic anhydride at constant temperature for 3 hours then, hot pressed at 150 °C by using phenol for...
Ü C Yildiz, E Dizman, S Yildiz, A Temiz, M Aslan, E D Gezer
Water repellency and dimensional stabilIty of wodd treated with waterborne resin acids/TOR
2007 - IRG/WP 07-40364
Wood used in above ground applications such as decking undergoes undesired dimensional changes leading to the lumber warping, cupping, splitting, etc. This is a major concern to consumers but it can be reduced by treating lumber with a water repellent. The ability of resin acids, hydrophobic compounds naturally present in southern yellow pines, was examined as a possible water repellent. A wate...
T P Schultz, D D Nicholas, J Shi
Effect of ozone treatment on survival of termites and wood decay fungi
2007 - IRG/WP 07-40365
There is increased concern about the potential for transport of invasive pests on or in untreated wood. Current regulations utilize heating or fumigation as mitigation tools, but both have drawbacks that have stimulated interest in new phytosanitation methods. Ozone fumigation has been shown to control insects, fungi and bacteria on a variety of agricultural products. Systems for the controlled g...
A M Taylor, L J Mason, J J Morrell
Evaluatiang the potency of cinnamaldehyde as a natural wood preservatives
2007 - IRG/WP 07-30444
Since cinnamaldehyde, the major constituent of leaf essential oil from Cinnamomum osmophloeum, has significant antifungal and antitermitic activities, it is worthy of understanding whether cinnamaldehyde has potential to be used as a natural preservative for improving the durability of wood. In this study, the fungi and termite resistance of cinnamaldehyde-treated wood (CTW) were evaluated accordi...
Chun-Ya Lin, Chi-Lin Wu, Shang-Tzen Chang