Your search resulted in 1492 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Laboratory determination of the natural decay resistance of some lesser-utilized timbers from Tanzania against wood decay fungi
2004 - IRG/WP 04-10517
Four lesser known/utilized timber species (sap and heartwoods) from Tanzania, namely Albizia lebbeck, Zanthoxylum gilletii, Faurea saligna and Parinari curatellifolia were exposed to the brown rot fungi (Gloeophyllum trabeum and Coniophora puteana) and the white rot fungus (Coriolus versicolor) to determine their natural decay resistance according to the EN 113 standard procedure. The timbers were...
P R Gillah, R C Ishengoma, E Julias, S A Amartey, D H Kitojo
The performance of water repellants on radiata pine exposed to the weather
1989 - IRG/WP 3553
The effectiveness and resistance to weathering of four water repellent treatments, a commercial timber stain, and an oil-based clear finish, was assessed using 20x20x6 mm³ samples of untreated, copper-chrome-arsenic (CCA)-treated, and tributyltin oxide (TBTO)-treated radiata pine exposed to the weather over a four month period. The water repellency of each preservative/water repellent combination...
D V Plackett, F M Cameron
Comparative environmental impact analysis of telecommunication utility poles: Treated wood and fibreglass
1999 - IRG/WP 99-50136
This study is aimed at providing the information necessary to assess the main environmental implications of different materials utilised in construction of utility poles. The study was performed on fibreglass and CCA treated poles timber. The work has been carried out by identifying and quantifying energy and materials used and wasted released during the entire life of the pole. The interactions w...
A Cugliandolo, M Onofrio, A Quaglino
Remedial treatment of wood attacked by insects
1981 - IRG/WP 3175
A review is presented of remedial treatments against wood-boring insects in wood in service. Preconditions and fundamental principles of insect control are compared with the control of fungal attack and reasons are given for the fact that remedial treatments against insects are more commonly applied than against fungi. With regard to insect control measures with a simultaneous preventive effective...
H Kühne
An evaluation on durability of untreated mining timber support
1997 - IRG/WP 97-20121
Wedge blocks in dimension of 5 x 7 to 8 x 155 cm3 were cut from indigeneous scots pine pitprops. Each of wedge block pairs were numbered and half of them were placed as the test blocks between the steel arches and the strata in a hard coal pit. Controls in laboratory and test wedge blocks in the mine were then sawn into 20 by 20 by 300 mm standard test sticks. Impact bending, static bending and MO...
A Bobat
Soft rot decay of Eucalyptus maculata Hook. in different soils from Queensland, Australia
1980 - IRG/WP 1113
In the present work, different Queensland soils were chosen and their gross effects on the decay of treated and untreated Eucalyptus maculata examined. The soils were also amended with various levels of phosphate to study the response of the wood decay mycota to an increasing supply of this nutrient. Phosphate amendment was chosen because of the wide-scale use of superphosphate on Queensland soils...
L E Leightley, I W Russell
Chromium on the surface of CCA-treated wood
1978 - IRG/WP 386
Chromium in solutions of CCA preservatives is predominantly in the hexavalent state (Cr VI). It is well known that Cr VI is associated with dermatitis and skin ulceration in workers handling chromium containing products and processes. When reduced to the trivalent state, however, chromium is considerably safer. An essential part, therefore, of safety procedures in any chromium - using industry is ...
C R Coggins, P Hiscocks
Effect of incising depth and density on treatment of Douglas fir, hem fir and spruce-pine-fir lumber with CCA, ACZA or ACQ
1997 - IRG/WP 97-40093
Incising markedly improves both the depth and uniformity of preservative treatment of refractory wood species, but there are few studies directly comparing the effects of incising depth and density on penetration and retention of commonly used waterborne preservatives in wood species from the western United States. The effects of two incision densities (7300 and 8900 incisions/square meter) at two...
M Anderson, J J Morrell, J E Winandy
Retention and distribution of copper/chrome/arsenic (CCA) in pressurised sap-displaced UK grown spruce and pine
1986 - IRG/WP 3366
Increment cores were taken from UK grown Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Corsican pine (Pinus nigra var. maritima Ait), Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong) Carr), and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L) Karst) distribution poles treated by pressurised sap-displacement using a 1.8% copper, chrome, arsenic (CCA) solution. Each increment core was sectioned radially and the copper, chrome, and arsenic ...
P D Evans, G M Smith, B King
Comparisons of differences in electrical conductivity and corrosivity between CCA-oxide and CCA-salt treated wood
1981 - IRG/WP 3178
CCA preservatives have served well in many applications throughout the world. In developed areas it is the preservative in demand for clean dry paintable surfaces with long durability. In developing areas it is widely used for economic and logistical reasons. With the current emphasis on energy resources, the CCA preservatives are gaining greater acceptance as a substitute for hydrocarbon-related ...
J A Taylor
Examination of the Pilodyn as a non-destructive test method for detecting decay in CCA treated eucalypt poles
1982 - IRG/WP 2177
Below groundline condition of 274 CCA treated eucalypt poles comprising 13 different species was examined using 6 and 12 Joule Pilodyn units with 2 and 2.5 mm diameter pins. The data obtained was used to calculate regressions of density on pin penetration. A decrease in density was accompanied by an increase in pin penetration. The best correlation was found using the 6 Joule, 60 x 2.5 mm² diamet...
L E Leightley
Soft rot fungi as possible sources of odor in impregnated wood in buildings
1993 - IRG/WP 93-20013
Wood preservatives are frequently used inside houses. In several cases impregnated wood, particularly when used in crawlspaces or other near-ground constructions, has been found to be a source of odor. Mold fungi, soft rot fungi actinomycetes or bacteria growing on impregnated wood are possible producers of the odor. Analyses of volatile emissions from impregnated wood with odor and pure cultures ...
J Bjurman, J Kristensson
The volatilization of arsenic on burning copper-chrome-arsenic (CCA) treated wood
1978 - IRG/WP 3111
Small scale burning experiments are described involving copper-chrome-arsenic treated wood. Approximately 20 per cent of the arsenic was volatilised when the wood was burned in air but 60 per cent when burned in an oxygen-enriched atmosphere, this increase is attributed to an increase in combustion temperature. Although a small increase in arsenic evolution was found with an increased concentratio...
A-J Dobbs, C Grant
Balance of arsenic and recycling
2002 - IRG/WP 02-50189
Instead of importing considerable quantities of arsenic to Europe, it would be sensible to utilize the arsenic recovered in the recycling process in the manufacture of CCA-wood, in the metallurgical industry as well as in other ways. When copper is also processed into a form easy to
utilize, it may be possible to utilize chrome as well. When these developments are implemented, it can be said th...
L Lindroos
A potential anti-sapstain chemical for sawmills
1984 - IRG/WP 3300
Several biocidal formulations were tested under laboratory conditions in order to discover an alternative antisapstain chemical to chlorophenoxides. The formulations tested were experimental water solutions containing a quaternary ammonium chloride, a commercial fungicide and/or a sodium salt of some carboxylic acids. The effect of sodium carbonate and borax decahydrate in mixture with a quaternar...
I A Linderborg
Laboratory bioassay on the termiticidal efficacy of two ACQ formulations
1999 - IRG/WP 99-30199
The termiticidal efficacy of two ammoniacal copper quaternary ammonium formulations (ACQ) was evaluated in a laboratory bioassay using two species of subterranean termites, Mastotermes darwiniensis Froggatt and Coptotermes acinaciformis (Froggatt). Five retentions (1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 kg/m3 of active ingredient) of each ACQ formulation (MitrexACQ and ACQ97) were assessed in sapwood specimen...
J W Creffield, A F Preston, N Chew
Initial microbial colonisation of CCA-treated, creosote-treated and untreated Pinus sylvestris L. blocks in seawater
1996 - IRG/WP 96-10171
CCA-treated, creosote-treated and untreated Pinus sylvestris sample blocks were immersed in a seawater through-flow system for periods of between 1 and 265 hours. Samples were fixed immediately on removal and examined both qualitatively and quantitatively using the scanning electron microscope. This study of primary microbial colonisation showed differences between treatments in the diversity of m...
K Sturgess, A J Pitman
Bioassays for rapid assessment of heavy metal toxicity in seawater
1998 - IRG/WP 98-50112
In evaluating the effect of CCA leachate on the establishment of fouling communities on wood exposed in the sea, three organisms were assessed as biological indicators of heavy metal toxicity. These were two macroalgae, Fucus serratus and Undaria pinnatifida. and the motile protist thraustochytrid, Schizochytrium aggregatum. The choice of these organisms for the tests carried out was based on the ...
C J Brown, R L Fletcher, R A Eaton
Ultrastructure of degraded, CCA-treated Pinus radiata wood from a marine pile
1990 - IRG/WP 1461
During an inspection of marine piles, 12 years after installation, severe degradation was noted on one of them in the vicinity of a corroded eye-bolt. The wood was dark brown in colour and tended to crumble easily. Wood fragments were examined by light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy and were also analysed for carbohydrates and lignin. Light microscopy showed numerous ...
A P Singh, M E Hedley
An evaluation of CCA, CCB and CCP preservatives using a "sandwich test"
1991 - IRG/WP 2370
The last two years has seen some important changes in standards and preservative types used in Scandinavia, which have led to a wider choice for specifiers. In order to identify those treatments suitable for replacement or reinforcement of decayed constructional timbers, it was felt necessary to modify the standard EN 113 test. Impregnated blocks were sandwiched between two untreated blocks, previ...
A P Koch, L B Sheard
The effect of felling time of year on CCA fixation rate and quality of selected hardwoods
1998 - IRG/WP 98-40116
White birch (Betula papyrifera), poplar (Populus sp.) and red maple (Acer rubrum) trees were harvested in winter, in spring, before the leaves flushed, after leaf flush and later in the summer. Sapwood discs were cut from the freshly felled trees, dried and cut into 25 mm and 19 mm cubes. The cubes were pressure impregnated with CCA-C and fixed under high relative humidity and at 50°C or at room ...
Y T Ung, A Taylor, P A Cooper, D P Kamdem
Fungal colonization of CCA-treated decking
2003 - IRG/WP 03-10491
The identification of fungi isolated from CCA treated decking in Vancouver is reported. About two thousands locations were sampled from over sixty boards recovered from six decks. Wood chips from each location were placed onto four different types of media. Of the large number of isolates obtained, around 15% were obtained from the interior of the boards. The succession of colonization in CCA-...
S Choi, J N R Ruddick, P I Morris
The chemical analysis and biological evaluation of wood extractives as potential timber preservatives
1995 - IRG/WP 95-30090
Work involved the biological performance of water and organic solvent soluble extractives of four naturally durable wood species, namely; Matumi, Tamboti, Sneezewood and the Turpentine tree. These timber species are known to be naturally durable against termites and fungi (±25 to 35 years). The extractives were evaluated against termites and fungi using impregnated pine pencil stakes in field tes...
P Turner, D Conradie
Preliminary field and laboratory findings regarding the efficacy of a novel anti-marine wood borer agent
2000 - IRG/WP 00-10380
Blocks of sapwood of Pinus nigra were treated by vacuum impregnation with Biocide A to retentions of 0.5, 1 and 2 kg m-3. Similar blocks were vacuum-pressure impregnated with CCA to retentions of 2, 24 and 38kg m-3. The blocks were exposed subtidally in Mourilyan Harbour (Queensland, Australia). After 5 and 10 months exposure, blocks were removed, examined for superficial signs of attack by wood b...
A Praël, S M Cragg, R A Eaton
Moisture condition in treated wood exposed outdoors. A progress report after 5 years
1992 - IRG/WP 92-3720
Wood treated with water-borne preservatives, mainly CCA (copper, chromium and arsenic) and CCB (copper, chromium and boron) is often said to absorb more water than untreated wood. In laboratory tests this statement has not been confirmed (Johansson 1977). In 1986 a project was started to compare water absorption during outdoor exposure between wood stakes of pine, Pinus sylvestris L, and spruce, P...
M-L Edlund