Your search resulted in 3629 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Standardization of preservative treated timber species for conductor, insulator and transformer packing of REB
1996 - IRG/WP 96-40071
In order to resolve the post landing failure problem of wooden packing for conductor, insulator, transformer of REB, the names of the suitable timber species from different parts of the world, irrespective of countries of origin have been standardized along with their strength and treatability grades. The CCA treatability of some Pakistani timber species have been presented for example which was t...
A K Lahiry
A bioassay for appraising preservative protection of wood above ground
1978 - IRG/WP 2124
A bioassay, using the mold fungus Aspergillus niger, gave results that were correlated with amounts of pentachlorophenol and tributyltin oxide in pine sapwood treated with solutions ranging in strength from 0.016 or below to 5%. Limited bioassay estimates of penta in commercially treated millwork corresponded to estimates by lime ignition. The assay fungus exhibited somewhat greater tolerance of t...
T C Scheffer, L Gollob
An optimum schedule for treating radiata pine
1998 - IRG/WP 98-40105
New Zealand grown radiata pine was treated with copper chrome arsenate preservative using Bethell process. Four different treatment schedules were tried. Keeping the duration of pressure stage constant (either 15 minutes or 45 minutes) and increasing the duration of vacuum (from 15 minutes to 30 minutes) or keeping the duration of vacuum stage constant (either 15 minutes or 30 minutes) and increas...
R Gnanaharan, D R Page
Improvement of intrinsic properties of wood by chemical wood densification - Hydrophobic aspects and durability aspects
1999 - IRG/WP 99-40149
To improve the intrinsic properties of Scot pine wood ((1) hydrophobic surface and (2) durability), two ways of chemical modification have been tested. The first one is the chemical modification of hydroxyl groups by active substances like diisocyanate compounds with a copolymerization step. The second way is a densification by an impregnation of resins and a gamma polymerisation. This second way ...
G Labat, Q K Tran, I Le Bayon
Identification of brown rot fungi on wood in above ground conditions by PCR, T-RFLP and sequencing
2004 - IRG/WP 04-10512
Fungi selected in test fields in Germany and Estonia and fungi (Coniophora puteana) cultivated on medium have been identified by the molecular methods PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), T-RFLP (Terminal Restricted Fragment Length Polymorphism) and sequenced to species level. The samples from the German field test showed that the fruit body sample was a different fungus than from the mycelium sample....
U Råberg, N Högberg, C J Land
Preservative treatment of wood by diffusion processes - Simulation of commercial treatment processes
1988 - IRG/WP 3498
Spruce (Picea abies), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and birch (Betula pendula) were preservative treated by diffusion with mixtures of copper sulphate and arsenic pentoxide. The preservative was fixed after a suitable diffusion storage period by soaking in ammonia solution. A high standard of treatment could be achieved in spruce sapwood. This was attributed to its low wood density, and high wood ...
P Vinden
Effect of some resin treatments on fungal degradation reactions
1999 - IRG/WP 99-10318
The effect of impregnation of wood with vegetable oil, tall oil and two water soluble on fungal degradation reactions was assessed by hydrolysis and enzyme activity measurements. The experiments were carried out by using isolated enzyme preparations and a living brown-rot fungus Poria placenta. The results indicate that the inhibitory effect of treatments was clearly directec towards the enzymatic...
A-C Ritschkoff, M Rättö, A J Nurmi, H Kokko, A O Rapp, H Militz
Visualising Bacteria in Wood Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM)
1998 - IRG/WP 98-10272
A fluorescent phospholipid probe was used in conjunction with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), to visualise bacteria which inhabit in radiata pine wood and degrade pit membranes. CLSM has the ability to collect fluorescent images through different emission filters at the same time, so it is possible to distinguish gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in infected wood by counterstaini...
Ying Xiao, A P Singh, R N Wakeling
Relative merits of laboratory and field tests for assessing wood decay resistance
1993 - IRG/WP 93-20009
Laboratory and field trials have long been employed for assessing natural durability of a variety of wood species, but there is a continuing debate concerning the relative merits of approach. While laboratory tests provide carefully controlled conditions for decay, they are often criticized for being too artificial to produce meaningful results. Conversely, field trials often vary widely between t...
T C Scheffer, J J Morrell
Resistance of acetylated wood to biological degradation. Evaluation of field test
1997 - IRG/WP 97-30139
Acetylated wood samples were tested in ground contact (stake test) at two test fields, one in Simlångsdalen, Sweden, and one in Viikki, Finland, according to European standard EN 252. The test samples were inspected annually and their condition was compared with that of untreated controls and of samples treated with two reference CCA preservatives. The use of untreated controls and preservative t...
P Larsson Brelid, R Simonson, Ö Bergman
Movement of borates in a range of timber species at various moisture contents
1998 - IRG/WP 98-30181
Borate-based wood preservatives are used in industrial pre-treatment as well as remedial treatment of timbers in situ. In both of these areas, understanding the mobile nature of these compounds is important in optimizing the main benefits of borates. Considerable work has been conducted on movement of borates in dip-diffusion treatment of freshly felled wood, as well as focusing on subsequent diff...
M W Schoeman, J D Lloyd, M J Manning
Multicomponent biocide systems protect wood from decay fungi, mold fungi, and termites for interior applications
2004 - IRG/WP 04-30333
Concerns about indoor air quality due to mold growth have increased dramatically in the United States. In the absence of proper moisture management, fungicides need to be developed for indoor use to control mold establishment. An ideal fungicide for prevention of indoor mold growth on wood-based materials needs to specifically prevent spore germination and provide long-term protection under condit...
C A Clausen,V W Yang
Comparative field performance of CCA and CCA-water repellent treated Southern pine lumber
1995 - IRG/WP 95-30089
This paper describes the field performance of end-matched southern pine boards treated with either CCA type C or CCA type C containing an emulsion water repellent (WR) additive. Boards were either kiln or air-dried after treatment, constructed into decks, and exposed for over 3 years at Harrisburg, NC. During this exposure, matched boards were monitored for internal moisture content, cupping at mi...
A R Zahora
Leaching of preservative components from pine decking treated with CCA and copper azole, and interactions of leachates with soils
2001 - IRG/WP 01-50171
Radiata pine decking was treated with CCA and copper azole preservatives to Australian H3 retention using conventional and modified Bethel schedules, and air-dried. Treated decking boards and durable hardwood controls were subjected to leaching in weather-exposed decks, and matching 19mm cubes were leached in extended AWPA E11-97 lab tests. Deck runoff and E11 leachate water was analysed after rai...
M J Kennedy, P A Collins
Observations on the destruction of fishing craft in India by marine wood-borers with special reference to the West Coast
1981 - IRG/WP 468
The paper highlights the economic importance of the destruction of fishing craft in India by marine wood-destroying agencies. The annual loss involved is to the extent of over 94 million rupees. Thirty-nine spectes and one variety of woodborer have so far been recorded from India, of which Bankia campanellata, Bankia carinata, Bankia rochi, Dicyathifer manni, Lyrodus pedicellatus, Teredo clappi, T...
L N Santhakumaran, J C Jain
Resistance of six timber species, treated with CCA and CCB, against marine borer attack in Goa waters (India)
1991 - IRG/WP 4166
Panels of Lagerstroemia speciosa, Toona ciliata, Olea dioica, Pinus insignis, Acrocarpus fraxinifolius and Borassus flabellifer, pressure-treated with a 6.6% solution of Copper-Chrome-Arsenic (CCA) and 6% solution of Copper-Chrome-Boric (CCB), were exposed along with untreated controls, in triplicate, in Goa waters to, assess their resistance to damage by marine borers. The control panels were all...
L N Santhakumaran, R V Krishnan
Strategies for popularizing wood preservation technologies. Role of Extension Support Division of IWST
2005 - IRG/WP 05-40313
Institute of Wood Science and Technology (IWST) has made several extension efforts to popularise the wood preservation technologies developed by various institutes of Indian Council of Forerstry Research and Education (ICFRE) by conducting demonstration programmes, exhibitions, workshops, trainings, audio visual displays and distributing semi-technical literature on different subjects published in...
A M Kanfade, S C Gairola, P K Aggarwal
Effect of nutrient regimes, temperature, pH, and wood sterilization method on performance of selected bioprotectants against wood staining fungi
1992 - IRG/WP 92-1551
The effect of nutrient regimes, incubation temperature, media pH, and wood sterilization method on performance of four potential bioprotectants (Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas cepacia, Bacillus subtilis, and Trichoderma harzianum) against wood staining fungi were evaluated using small ponderosa pine samples over a four week period. Incubation at 32°C resulted in slight increases in the degree of...
J J Morrell, C M Secton
Some studies on fungal deterioration of rubber wood (Hevea brasiliensis)
1980 - IRG/WP 2140
For the sreening of anti-stain chemicals trials with selected agricultural fungicides and new chemicals were carried out. Botryodiplodia theobromae, Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. were used at test organisms. For testing the durability of rubber wood (Hevea brasiliensis) suitable local rotting fungi (Basidiomycetes), based on high degrading power, which may later be employed in standard tests...
A Sujan, A G Tan, M Stevens
Experiences with the OECD guideline proposals for the estimation of emissions from preservative-treated wood in the environment
2004 - IRG/WP 04-50209
The practicability of 2 CEN proposals for OECD guidelines on the estimation of emissions from preservative treated wood by laboratory methods for either wood held in storage after treatment and for wooden commodities that are not covered, and are not in contact with ground (guideline 1) or
wooden commodities that are not covered and are in contact with ground, fresh water or seawater (guideline 2...
U Schoknecht, R Wegner, E Melcher
Strategies for enhancing usage of treated wood in Indian context
2005 - IRG/WP 05-40305
India constitutes 2% of the world’s forest area but it has to support over 15% of the human and nearly 14% of the cattle population and therefore forests in India are under immense biotic pressure. The main concern today is the rate at which avoidable factors or man made threats accelerate the process of forest degradation and to evolve measures to check the same. Man made threats include expl...
P K Aggarwal, S C Gairola
Preliminary studies of the performance of iron chelators as inhibitors of brown rot (Coniophora puteana) attack
1996 - IRG/WP 96-10185
This paper describes experiments to examine the proposal that the presence of iron is essential for brown rot fungi to utilize hydroxyl radicals remote from the hyphae as a means of converting the wood into a food source. reliminary test results are presented from trials using three different iron chelators impregnated into Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) sapwood blocks. Their relative effects on th...
E D Suttie, R J Orsler, P M Wood
A collaborative test to determine the efficacy of polyurethane coatings on wood samples in the marine environment. 3rd Interim Report
1993 - IRG/WP 93-10046
The results of al long-term marine trial to assess the protective effect of polyurethane coatings on wood samples exposed at different sites around the world are reported. The condition of samples exposed in the sea for up to 88 months was generally sound, although instances of marine borer infestation were reported at two sites. At one site, mechanical damage of a non-biological nature is believe...
R A Eaton
Wood kiln drying. Simple process of material treament or soft method of preservation? (Le séchage arificiel du bois. Simple opération de traitement du metériau ou méthode douce de préservation?)
1993 - IRG/WP 93-50001-14
Among the processes enabling to extend wood durability, kiln drying can be considered as a treatment and soft preservation method. Dry woods are naturally durable provided they are not subject to important retaking of the moisture. Drying thanks to the application of temperatures from 50 to120°C enable to execute a thermic treatment which kills grubs and mushrooms to ensure a sterilization that c...
F More-Chevalier
Field Trials with mini-stakes
2002 - IRG/WP 02-20244
In 1995 an extensive field test program with wood mini-stakes, 8 x 20 x 200 mm, was started. In these trials a large number of parameters are being evaluated, including several new wood preservatives, differently chemically modified woods and natural durability of various wood species. The test sites are three fields in Sweden for in-ground and “close to ground” testing, one subterranean termi...
M Westin, A O Rapp, Y S Hadi, T Nilsson