Your search resulted in 789 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Oxidation of wood components during CCA-C fixation
1993 - IRG/WP 93-30024
Pre-extracted radial sections of southern yellow pine sapwood were treated with CCA-C and analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The ratio of C1 (carbon bonded to carbon and/or hydrogen) to C2 (carbon bonded to one oxygen) in XPS Cls spectra was taken as a measure of the progress of oxidation of wood components during CCA fixation. This ratio was 0.82 before CCA treatment and increase...
M Kaldas, P A Cooper
Rapid fixation of Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA) wood preservatives by microwave treatment
2000 - IRG/WP 00-40184
Rapid microwave heating of freshly chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated timber indicates that rapid preservative fixation is possible within approximately 40 seconds. The leaching of CCA was evaluated using simulated rainfall. Cost analyses indicates that microwave fixation using an on-line conveyor belt fixation process with an output of 4m3/hour using a microwave power supply of 230 kW costs ...
G Torgovnikov, P Vinden, E Mapanda, P R S Cobham
Use of compression strength loss for measuring decay in the soil block test
1996 - IRG/WP 96-20083
The possibility of using radial direction compression strength of wood, rather than mass loss, was evaluated for both a brown-rot fungus (Gloeophyllum trabeum) and white-rot fungus (Trametes versicolor). With untreated pine wafers (5 x 19 x 19 mm³ - l x r x t) exposed to Gloeophyllum trabeum in a soil block test for five days, the compression strength loss was nearly 50% compared to a 5% mass los...
D D Nicholas, Zhongwei Jin
IRG/COIPM INTERNATIONAL MARINE TEST - to determine the effect of timber substrate on the effectiveness of water-borne salt preservatives in sea-water. Progress Report 19: Report on the condition of specimens at Sekondi, Ghana after 42 months
1984 - IRG/WP 4109
The results of the first formal inspeation of CCA- and CCB- treated test panels exposed at Sekondi, Ghana, in June 1980, are presented. All untreated control panels of both reference and local species have been destroyed. Of the% CCA- treated specimens, only those of Pinus sylvestris (reference species) and Mitragyna stipulosa (local species) have not been attacked. 3% CCB-treated local species ha...
F F K Ampong
Treatment of rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis)
1997 - IRG/WP 97-40081
In this study treatability of rubberwood, timber from rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) was investigated by using both pressure and non-pressure methods. Samples with 4 cm by 4 cm cross section were sawn from the logs which were harvested from a plantation located in Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia. Full-cell and cold soaking methods were employed using Copper Chrome Arsenate (CCA) for the experiments...
S Hiziroglu
Mobility and bioavailability of wood preservation chemicals in soil - actual field measurements
1998 - IRG/WP 98-50101-11
Wood material intended for outdoor use is often impregnated with chemicals to withstand attack from fungi and bacteria. Both inorganic and organic substances are used to protect the wood, and they are used in a toxic and bioavailable form. At wood preservation facilities severe soil contamination can be encountered due to spills and deposition of sludge, especially at old sites. Two sites, one whe...
S Andersen, G Rasmussen
Some practical implications from recent research on the fixation of CCA preservatives
1975 - IRG/WP 358
The mechanism of fixation of CCA preservatives is briefly described. If the temperature is increased during the primary fixation period, the formation of intermediate fixation compounds is less extensive. The length of the primary fixation period is of practical interest. It is determined by preservative composition and concentration, temperature and wood species. Diagrams are given for Pinus sylv...
S-E Dahlgren
Alternatives to CCA-treated Pinus radiata as vineyard posts
2004 - IRG/WP 04-50212
An estimated 10 million trellis posts per year are used in Australian vineyards and about 75% of these are CCA-treated Pinus radiata. CCA-treated Pinus radiata posts are brittle and at times in short supply. Use of some products containing CCA is being restricted in Australia. Recently, plantation forestry has expanded rapidly for disposal of industrial and irrigation wastewater. Thinnings from th...
M Mollah, J Smith, K McCarthy, L J Cookson
Moderate temperature fixation of CCA-C
1989 - IRG/WP 3522
Several Canadian treating plants are using moderate temperature (40-60C°) fixation chambers to reduce drippage and leaching from fresh CCA treated wood. In this study, chromium reduction and surface leaching properties of CCA-C treated red pine (Pinus resinosa) pole sections were monitored during exposure to temperatures of 50-60C° and 90-100% RH conditions. Chromium-VI concentration in the abso...
P A Cooper, Y T Ung
Diffusion and interaction of components of water-borne preservatives in the wood cell wall
1988 - IRG/WP 3474
This study investigates the rates of diffusion and ultimate distributions of copper and arsenate components of wood preservatives in wood cell walls following vacuum treatment. Adsorption studies of copper on red pine (Pinus resinosa) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) wood confirm the importance of cation exchange reactions on the ultimate distribution of copper in the wood substance and i...
P A Cooper
The performance in the sea of seven experimental piles after sixteen years at Port Douglas, North Queensland
1989 - IRG/WP 4151
After 16 years at Port Douglas, two double-treated Pinus radiata piles were in excellent condition, a CCA-treated Pinus elliottii pile was in good condition other than for a confined streak of teredinid attack, while two CCA-treated and two untreated turpentine piles were moderately to severely attacked by Sphaeroma in the tidal zone. The marine borers collected were Sphaeroma terebrans, Martesia ...
L J Cookson, J E Barnacle, C N McEvoy
Studies of the mechanism of chromated-copper preservative. Fixation using electron spin resonance
1992 - IRG/WP 92-3701
Two softwoods and one hardwood species were treated with chromium trioxide, copper sulphate, chromated-copper wood preservative (CCA). The treated wood samples were analyzed during fixation by electron spin resonance (ESR). ESR spectra indicated that more than one Cr(V) species was generated from Cr(VI) soon after CCA treatment. The Cr(V) signal became strong within increased several hours followe...
K Yamamoto, J N R Ruddick
The colonisation and succession of fungi in wood
1980 - IRG/WP 1107
A study of the microbial ecology of small stakes of Pinus sylvestris and Betula pendula, both untreated, and treated with a 1% solution of CCA is in progress. Results are presented for the early stages, up to 18 months.Two new techniques were developed linked by the philosophy of objective assessment. Isolations were made from the wood in a pre-determined pattern and transferred to four selective ...
C P Clubbe
The potential for reuse of treated wood poles removed from service
1993 - IRG/WP 93-50001-18
Poles removed from service in Ontario and Quebec, Canada were characterized by age, wood species, preservative type, residual preservative, dimensions and condition. Based on this charactarization, the potential for reuse as round poles or posts, sawn posts, timbers and lumber, cedar roof shingles and firewood was assessed. A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the recovery and grade of lumber p...
P A Cooper
EPA’s Current Views on Heavy-Duty Wood Preservative Regulation
2003 - IRG/WP 03-50206
This paper describes the current EPA system for regulating pesticides and wood preservatives. In particular it focuses on the voluntary phase-out of CCA for residential uses after December 30, 2003, which was agreed between the CCA manufacturers and EPA. Even though the EPA reached an agreement with industry to phase out CCA for residential uses, EPA is continuing the most rigorous risk assessmen...
F T Sanders
Rubber wood for fishing canoe construction
2005 - IRG/WP 05-40319
The rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is cultivated for its latex and the wood comes as a by-product from the rubber plantations. The highly perishable nature makes it unsuitable for boat building. The Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin conducted laboratory and field studies with chemical preservative treated rubber wood and found that the durability of the wood increased considerabl...
L Edwin, S N Thomas, B Meenakumari
Chromated copper arsenate preservative treatment of hardwoods. Part 2: leaching performance of seven North American hardwoods
1997 - IRG/WP 97-30132
Seven North American hardwood species were treated with 2% CCA-C solution and fixed at temperatures of 21°C and 50°C and conditions of high relative humidity (95%) as described in Part 1 of this presentation. Red pine (Pinus resinosa) was included as a softwood for comparison. Adequately fixed wood blocks (99.9% chromium fixation) were exposed to leaching tests according to AWPA E11-87 test. Par...
T Stevanovic-Janezic, P A Cooper, Y T Ung
Biosorption of metals for wood waste effluent clean up
1997 - IRG/WP 97-50090
The common filamentous fungi can sorb metal ions from aqueous solutions. The biosorption of metal ions like copper Cu2+, chromium Cr6+ and arsenic As5+ by dead fungal mycelia was investigated. Two industrial fermentation byproducts are tested: Mucor miehei and Aspergillus oryzae. The adsorption of metal ions depends on parameters such as chemical treatment of fungi before biosorption (acid or basi...
S Legay, G Labat
Fouling organisms as indicators of the environmental impact of marine preservative-treated wood
1995 - IRG/WP 95-50063
This study evaluates the use of fouling organisms (epibiota) to assess the environmental impact of preservative treated wood. This paper presents initial findings from treated panels exposed for 6 months at Sagres, Algarve, Portugal. Panels were treated with CCA, two copper-containing quaternary ammonium (ACQ) formulations and creosote, with nominal retentions from 10 to 40 kg/m³ (creosote 25 pcf...
R M Albuquerque, S M Cragg
A laboratory bioassay method for testing preservatives against the marine borers Limnoria tripunctata, L. quadripunctata (Crustacea) and Lyrodus pedicellatus (Mollusca)
1990 - IRG/WP 4159
A laboratory culture and bioassay method is described for the marine borers Limnoria tripunctata, Limnoria quadripunctata, and Lyrodus pedicellatus. The methods were tested in a bioassay using established marine preservatives. The attack produced on blocks treated with CCA or creosote in some ways paralleled the attack found in the sea. Limnoria tripunctata attacked treated and untreated pine bloc...
L J Cookson
The performance of chlorothalonil after 4.5 years in the accelerated field simulator
1994 - IRG/WP 94-30041
The decay resistance of chlorothalonil in oil was examined in an accelerated field simulator (AFS). Pinus radiata D. Don and Eucalyptus regnans F. Muell. sapwood stakes were treated, placed in soil in the AFS, and monitored over 4.5 years. CCA type C treated stakes were included for comparison. Water and toluene treated control stakes were heavily decayed after 1-2.5 years. Oil treated controls, t...
L J Cookson
Standardization of CCA treated 45 hardwood species grown in Bangladesh for REB crossarms
1995 - IRG/WP 95-20059
Researches on 45 hardwood species grown in Bangladesh regarding density, moduli of rupture (MOR), colour and treatability of sapwood and heartwood, seasoning property and natural durability of heartwood revealed that both sapwood and heartwood of 17 species could be full cell pressure treated with CCA at impregnation pressure of 14-18 kg/cm² and only sapwood of rest 28 species could be pressure t...
A K Lahiry
Marine performance of preservative treated Southern pine panels. - Part 1: Exposure in Newport, Oregon
2000 - IRG/WP 00-10368
The ability of selected wood preservative to protect southern pine sapwood against marine borer attack was evaluated over a 6 year period in Yaquina Bay, Oregon. The site exposed the wood to potential attack by both Teredo navalis and Limnoria spp. Both creosote and CCA provided excellent protection at moderate retentions, while ACQ produced slight differences in performance depending on the coppe...
R G Rhatigan, J J Morrell, A R Zahora
Fouling assemblage development on copper-chromium-arsenic-treated timber submerged in European waters
2002 - IRG/WP 02-50181
The effect of the anti-marine-borer timber preservative CCA on community development of non-target marine fouling animals was investigated. Panels of Scots pine treated to target retentions of 12, 24 and 48 kg CCA per m3 of wood, plus untreated controls were submerged at seven coastal sites (Portsmouth, UK; La Tremblade (2 sites), France; Ria Formosa, Portugal; Sagres, Portugal; Kristineberg, Swed...
C Brown, R J Eaton, S M Cragg, P Goulletquer, A Nicolaidou, M J Bebianno, J Icely, G F Daniel, T Nilsson, A J Pitman, G Sawyer
Further studies on soft rot decay in CCA treated Eucalyptus power transmission poles in Queensland, Australia
1980 - IRG/WP 1115
Preliminary results on the examination of fungi isolated from CCA treated Eucalyptus power transmission poles were presented at the 10th Annual IRG Meeting. Since then further examination and identification of fungal isolates has been completed together with screening tests for wood decay ability and tolerance to creosote and CCA and its components. Chemical analyses for CCA retention have also be...
L E Leightley