Your search resulted in 841 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
The influence of cement and calcium compounds on the performance of CCA preservatives
1983 - IRG/WP 3221
The influence of cement and calcium compounds on the durability of untreated and CCA treated wood is considered. Calcium compounds were found to reduce the toxicity of a CCA preservative to a soft rot fungus at copper to calcium ratios of 1:1 and 1:10 using a cellulose filter paper technique. Further studies are outlined and some possible mechanisms by which cement and calcium compounds may affect...
R J Murphy
Efficacy of a novel copper-based organic solvent preservative in laboratory and fungus cellar tests
1995 - IRG/WP 95-30071
The efficacy of Chemicca 4, a novel copper-based organic solvent preservative, was compared with that of other LOSP in pure culture laboratory decay tests and with that of CCA and TBTO in a fungus cellar exposure. It was markedly superior to copper and zinc naphthenates at equivalent metal retentions in laboratory decay tests, and similar in activity to TBTO. After 60 months' fungus cella...
M E Hedley, P N Maynard
Variation in field test performance of untreated and CCA-treated lesser-known Surinamese wood species
2000 - IRG/WP 00-20213
In Suriname three different field test sites have been used to verify the biological durability of CCA-treated wood and a range of wood species including lesser-known and lesser-used wood species. In total 37 tropical wood species were tested untreated and for 17 of the less durable species CCA-treatments were included as well. Although the three sites are located in the tropical region they diffe...
J Van Acker, M Stevens, L Comvalius
Performance of Preservative Treated Parallel Strand Lumber in Marine Exposures.
2006 - IRG/WP 06-30407
The performance ACZA treated Douglas-fir and CCA southern pine parallel strand lumber (PSL) was studied in marine exposures in Florida or Oregon. While materials treated to retentions below the recommended levels for marine exposure were attacked in Oregon, properly treated panels of either species performed well. Panels treated with these same chemicals and exposed in Florida experienced attack ...
J J Morrell, C S Love, P Merrick
Exposure of CCA and ACZA treated parallel strand lumber to marine borer attack in northeastern and southeastern waters of the United States of America
2006 - IRG/WP 06-30400
Southern pine and Douglas fir Parallel Strand Lumber (PSL) panels were treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) or ammoniacal copper zinc arsenate (ACZA), respectively and exposed in a marine environment in Massachusetts (northeastern USA coast) for 7 years. Similarly treated panels were also exposed to a site on the Atlantic coast Florida (southeastern USA) for the same period. In the northe...
B Goodell, P Merrick, J Jellison, Y Qian
Comparative studies on penetration and retention of CCA (C) and creosote in wood from APHID-killed and sound Kenyan-grown Mexican cypress (Cupressus lusitanica)
2006 - IRG/WP 06-40352
Properties of wood from Kenyan-grown Mexican cypress (Cupressus lusitanica), attacked and killed by the cypress aphid (Cinara cupressi), in terms of density and treatability, were investigated in comparison to the properties of wood from sound trees. Density in small wood samples from aphid-killed trees was found lower than density in samples from sound trees, and reduced with tree age in samples...
R Venkatasamy, F M Opar
Thermal decomposition behavior of CCA-treated wood for safe disposal and the safe recovery of heavy metals through pyrolysis
2006 - IRG/WP 06-50238
If we could estimate the chemical changes in heavy metals by temperature in chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood during pyrolysis, it is expected that we could solve the environmental problems of heavy metals, which may occur during pyrolysis, and therefore, the thermal decomposition behavior of effective elements of CCA-treated wood was examined to find a safe disposal method. First, CCA-...
Dong Won Son, Dong-heub Lee, Sun-hae Cheon, Myung Jae Lee
Laboratory Leaching Tests to Study the Effects of Post-Treatment Storage Periods on CCA Leachability and Fixation in Treated Permeable and Refractory Malaysian Hardwoods
2006 - IRG/WP 06-50240
The biological resistance and environmental safety of CCA-treated wood relies on the extent of post-treatment storage fixation of CCA in wood prior to being utilized. A study on the comparative leachability (fixation) of CCA-treated refractory and permeable heartwoods of 3 Malaysian hardwoods subjected to different post-treatment storage (fixation) periods of up to 4 weeks, at 2 laboratory leachin...
A H H Wong, H C Lai, N P T Lim
Leaching of CCA from Paraserianthus falcataria panels exposed to field conditions at Krishnapatnam harbour, Andhra Pradesh
2006 - IRG/WP 06-50241
This study assessed the leaching of copper, chrome and arsenic (CCA) from Paraserianthus falcataria (=Albizia falcataria) panels exposed to marine condition at Krishnapatnam harbour on the east coast of India. Metal loss was assessed in test panels after 6, 12, 24 and 36 months of exposure using Atomic Absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The metal loss was found slightly higher in panels treated ...
B Tarakanadha, K S Rao
A Prediction of Arsenic Groundwater Concentrations Influenced by Construction and Demolition Debris Landfills in Florida Containing CCA-Treated Wood
2006 - IRG/WP 06-50242
Groundwater fate and transport models can provide an indication of the potential impacts of arsenic from the infiltration of leachate from unlined C&D debris landfills containing CCA-treated wood. A solute transport model, Migration of Organic/Inorganic Chemicals (MYGRT), was chosen to predict groundwater contaminant concentrations at specified locations from a hypothetical source (C&D lan...
J Jambeck, T Townsend, H Solo-Gabriele
An Investigation of the use and Durability of some Industrial and Domestic woods of Iran against Destructives factor in Caspian Sea
2007 - IRG/WP 07-10613
Use of domestic and commercial woods of the Caspian Sea forest fringes and evaluation of their durability against marine destructive factors were investigated. The samples of species of elm (Zelkova carpinifolia), oak (Quercus castanifolia), beech (Fagus orientalis), Maple (Acer insgin), Alder (Alnus subcordata), and horn beech (Carpinus betulus) were impregnated with CCA (Chrome–Cupper-Arsenic)...
S M Kazemi
Use of the Digital Refractometer for the On-site Analysis of Copper-based Preservative Systems
2007 - IRG/WP 07-20371
In some counties, there are no on-site chemical analysis methods available for treatment plants to use to determine the key active ingredients in the preservative treatment solutions. The complexity of the sophisticated methodology; cost of analytical instruments and training required for operating these instruments in treating plant level are the reasons for lacking such practice. In this paper...
L Jin, T Cashman, A Preston, J Trompetter, H Trompetter
Influence of Grain Direction on Penetration, Retention, and Leaching of CCA(C) in Sapwood and Heartwood of Kenyan-Grown Eucalyptus saligna and Acacia mearnsii
2007 - IRG/WP 07-40383
Penetration, retention, and leaching of CCA (C) in relation to grain orientation were tested in small (50mm x 50mm x 200mm) sapwood and heartwood samples of Eucalyptus saligna and Acacia mearnsii. In both sapwood and heartwood of the two species, the results showed a consistent pattern: Transverse > Radial > Tangential. Whereas penetration, retention, and leaching were significantly high i...
R Venkatasamy
Influence of Grain Direction on Penetration, Retention, and Leaching of CCA(C) in Sapwood and Heartwood of Kenyan-Grown Cupressus lusitanica and Pinus patula
2007 - IRG/WP 07-40384
The influence of grain orientation on penetration, retention, and leaching of CCA (C) was tested on small samples of sapwood and heartwood of Cupressus lusitanica and Pinus patula. Samples measuring 50mm x 50mm, and 200mm in the longitudinal axis were sealed to expose only transverse, or radial, or tangential faces, pressure treated with 6% CCA (C), and penetration, retention and leaching of the ...
R Venkatasamy
Copper fixation in ACQ-D treated Chinese fir at various temperature and relative humidity conditions
2007 - IRG/WP 07-30436
In this study, the effect of different conditions of temperature, relative humidity, and duration of post-treatments on accelerating copper fixation in ACQ-D treated Chinese fir wood blocks was investigated. The conditions include the combination of three temperatures (21, 50, and 70?) and two relative humidity levels (20% and 80%), also include four temperatures (50, 70, 90, and 110?) without con...
Jinzhen Cao, Lili Yu
Effects of sodium hypochlorite on compression strength and copper retention of spruce wood treated with copper azole and alkaline copper quat
2007 - IRG/WP 07-40362
This work investigates the effects of sodium hypochlorite on compression strength values and copper retention ratios of refractory spruce wood (Picea oriental L.) treated with the waterborne preservative Copper Azole, (CBA-A, Tanalith-E 3492) and alkaline copper quat (ACQ-2200). Before the copper azole and alkaline copper quat treatment, the samples were immersed in 500 ml of sodium hypochlorite s...
S Yildiz, E Dizman, A Temiz, Ü C Yildiz
Evaluating the Process of ACQ-Treated Woods with TGAand CEM Analysis
2007 - IRG/WP 07-20374
To provide an understanding of the fundamental thermal behaviour and the disposal-end products of ACQ-treated woods, this study is comprised of two categories of examination. The first is related to the use of TGA under different thermal decomposition conditions (nitrogen or air, and 5 or 40 oC/min), and the use of EDX to examine certain residual elements of the char. The second applies the CEM ...
Han Chien Lin, Tsang-Chyi Shiah, Jung Ting Tsai
Comparative Laboratory Leaching Test Methods to Study Post-Treatment Storage Period Impacts on CCA Leachability and Fixation in Treated Kempas (Koompassia malaccensis) Heartwood
2007 - IRG/WP 07-20376
Three laboratory leaching test methods were compared to determine the effects of different post-treatment storage fixation periods on leachability/fixation of CCA components from treated kempas (Koompassia malaccensis) permeable heartwood. End-sealed test wood blocks of permeable were treated with CCA to target retention of 5.6 kg/m3, immediately stored to fix at ambient conditions for 0 and 48 ho...
A H H Wong, H C Lai
Kd values of Cu, Cr, As in different soil matrix
2007 - IRG/WP 07-50247
Chromated copper arsenate (CCA), a long history of successful preservative, have raised environmental concerns. Adsorption characteristics of domestic soils for chromium, copper, and arsenic were assessed by measuring distribution coefficient (Kd) values of these metal components. The results revealed that Kd values were higher in chromium, followed by arsenic and copper in soil matrix. Different...
Sung-Mo Kang, Seung-Hun Shin, Ja-Oon Koo
An Investigation on Use and Durability of Some Industrial and Domestic Woods of Iran against Destructive Factors in Caspian Sea
2008 - IRG/WP 08-10636
In this study the use of domestic and commercial woods of the Caspian Sea forest fringes and evaluation of their durability against marine destructive factors were investigated. The samples of elm (Zelkova carpinifolia), oak (Quercus castanifolia), beech (Fagus orientalis), Maple (Acer insgin), Alder (Alnus subcordata), and horn beech (Carpinus betulus) species were impregnated with CCA (Chrome–...
S M Kazemi
Field Trial of Copper Treated Moso Bamboo in Southern China
2008 - IRG/WP 08-30455
The field trial of moso bamboo treated by 9 copper preservatives for 5 years in Guangzhou was conducted in the paper. The result shown that: two ammonia based copper azole formulations F17/F18 and 1 amine copper formulation with boron F10, as well as 2 ammonia based ACQ, at the copper retention of 3.2 kg/m3 or above, have good resistant for decay and fine resistant for termites after 5 year field ...
Mingliang Jiang
Validity of above ground testing according to ENV 12037
2008 - IRG/WP 08-20379
The standard ENV 12037 for testing of treated and untreated wood (lap-joint) exposed above ground
was issued in 1996 by The European Committee for Standardization. A draft for the development of the standard was presented by CEN-TC 38/WG 25/DOC N 076 in 2002. For a test to become valid the median rating of decay for untreated control replicates (Scots pine sapwood) must be equal or greater than ...
Ö Bergman, U Råberg, N Terziev
Field Liners as physical barriers to prevent wooden utility pole decay in soil: An accelerated field simulation trial
2008 - IRG/WP 08-20384
Field Liners (FL’s), plastic sleeves used to protect in-ground wooden poles from fungal and termite damage, have been tested before as physical barriers to prevent contact between soil and wood and to retain wood preservative treatment. These earlier studies concentrated mostly on creosote preserved poles and early generation FL’s which were cumbersome in their application. The newer generatio...
A R Howgrave-Graham, L J Cookson, T Hale
Above and Below-Ground Copper-Azole and Copper, Chrome Arsenate Depletion from Pinus radiata and Fagus sylvatica at Thirteen New Zealand & Australian Sites
2008 - IRG/WP 08-30460
The objective was to determine the significance of site on preservative depletion from Pinus radiata D. Don and Fagus sylvatica L. 20 x 20 x 500 mm field test stakes treated with a ground contact retention of copper amine plus tebuconazole (CuAz) and copper chrome arsenate (CCA) after approximately 5 years exposure to widely different soil and climate conditions. Site, wood species and their inter...
R Wakeling
Accelerated fixation of ACQ-D treated Chinese fir with different post-treatments
2008 - IRG/WP 08-40400
With the enhanced focus on the environmental impact of the preservative-treated wood in recent years, it is necessary to perform some post treatments to prevent contamination of soil and ground water and reduce copper losses from ACQ treated wood in service. In this study, the potential of hot air, hot water, steaming and microwave post treatments to accelerate the fixation of copper in ACQ-D trea...
Lili Yu, Jinzhen Cao, P A Cooper