Your search resulted in 3427 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Screening of the efficacy of tall oils against wood decaying fungi
2004 - IRG/WP 04-30354
Tall oil is a by-product in pulping of resinous wood by the sulphate process. Tall oil contains a complex mixture of wood extractives. Some of these extractives act as natural protection against wood decaying fungi while other serve as nutrition for the fungi.
This report describes a screening of the efficacy of four refined tall oils with different chemical composition on wood decaying fungi. ...
G Alfredsen, P O Flæte, A Temiz, M Eikenes, H Militz
Alternative technologies for wood wastes recycling - Part A: Supercritical extraction of PAH compounds from wood wastes
1998 - IRG/WP 98-50101-18 a
Alternative technologies have been investigated to detoxify treated wood. Two classes of organic compounds are studied. Creosote-treated wood are classified in France as dangerous wood wastes. A conventional incineration could be provided for these wood wastes but the cost of this elimination could be very high (> 2000 FFR/ton). For these reasons, we have tested two kinds of new processes as al...
L Schrive, C Perre, G Labat
A study of poplar LVL durability improvement:
1999 - IRG/WP 99-40148
The aim of this study was to optimise the durability of LVL panels by adding boron during the gluing process. Poplar veneers (2,6 mm thickness ) were selected by ISORY a French company . Two types of glue were tested : Phenol resorcine and Melamine Urea Formaldehyde. Each of them was mixed with various concentrations of borax (for the first one) and Boric acid(for the second one). Mechanical prope...
B Charrier, V Bridaux, N Fauroux, F Charrier
Observations on preservative penetration in poplar
1991 - IRG/WP 3662
In the course of studies on the CCA treatment and durability of poplar timber a zone of refractory wood at the sapwood/heartwood boundary was observed. Further studies were conducted to investigate the causes of this refractory behaviour. The initial results have suggested that the presence of lipid storage products in the ray tissue may lead to impermeability, either by directly blocking pits or ...
R J Murphy, S U Din, M J Stone
Status of wood preservation industry in India
2005 - IRG/WP 05-30388
The paper traces the history of wood preservation industry in India, listing various mile stones for creation of treating capacity. The preservation industry developed with the development of rail road system on the line of most other developed countries. The most popular wood preservatives are CCA, CCB, ACC, Creosote and recently LOSP have also appeared in the market. The major users of CCA is th...
S Kumar
Isolation of a putative endogenous endo-ß-1,4-glucanase (cellulase) from the midgut diverticulae of the wood-boring crustacean, Limnoria quadripunctata
2003 - IRG/WP 03-10494
Over the last 75 years, many workers have conducted research into the digestive biochemistry of Limnoria. Cellulolytic enzymes have been detected in crude extracts, although whether these are of endogenous or microbial origin has been in question. To elucidate the source of these enzymes, RNA was isolated from the midgut diverticulae of Limnoria quadripunctata. Reverse transcription polymerase ...
J Dymond, M J Guille, S M Cragg
Recovery of copper chromium and arsenic from old CCA treated commodities
1998 - IRG/WP 98-50118
Due to the expected increase in spent treated wood over the next several decades, numerous means to reuse and recycle preserved wood have been proposed. Burning this wood for cogeneration or recycling of CCA treated wood into reconstituted composites are possible methods, but they are limited to laboratory scale because of environmental air emission issues and the manufacturing process.
In the av...
D P Kamdem, Wanli Ma, Jun Zhang, J Zyskowski
The difficult choice of the preservation industry when changing to more environmentally acceptable products
2000 - IRG/WP 00-50156
Until recent years the preservation industry in Norway had no problems with the environmental authorities. However, during the last three years the pressure has increased, and the authorities' solution to restrict hazardous chemicals is to introduce green (environmental) taxes for the products containing these chemicals, and also for the pressure-treated wood. The preservation industry ac...
F G Evans
Tributyltin compounds in wood preservation: Health and safety aspects
1986 - IRG/WP 3396
The toxicity of organotin compounds of the general formula RnSnX(4-n) depends strongly on the type of organic substituent R and on the degree of substitution n. The residues X, not bound through a tin-carbon bond, are however of much smaller influence. Furthermore, there is evidence that hydrolysis of tributyltin esters will occur under environmental as well as under physiological conditions to TB...
H Schweinfurth, P Günzel, H A B Landsiedel, R Lang, R Reimann, C Schöbel, F Siegmund
Blue stain in service on wood surface coatings. Part 1: The nutritional requirements of Aureobasidium pullulans
1992 - IRG/WP 92-1556
The nutritional requirements of Aureobasidium pullulans was examined with regard to nutrient sources that are potentially available in fresh and weathered wood. The study was designed to determine how far wood cell wall components need to be broken down during weathering before they provide a useful nutrient source for Aureobasidium pullulans. Various carbon sources were tested, with eight differe...
P R Sharpe, D J Dickinson
Temperature and pressure inside wood during creosote impregnation
1991 - IRG/WP 3649
Creosote gives the best protection against decay for sleepers and poles. However, it has a major drawback - bleeding. Modified impregnation processes to reduce bleeding have been tried. For developing such processes it is important to know the actual temperature and pressure inside the wood. This paper describes measurement of temperature and pressure inside wood during creosote impregnation. The ...
Ö Bergman
Comparison of performance of wood preservatives in laboratory and field tests of treated commodities
1993 - IRG/WP 93-20010
The purpose of laboratory tests for evaluating efficacy of wood preservatives is usually to establish toxic values against standard strains of wood decay fungi. Exposure conditions are usually chosen as optimal for fungal growth. Toxic values so determined serve as a guide as to expected performance of the preservative in field stake tests or in above ground exposure tests. Test material is select...
M E Hedley
Fundamentals on steam fixation of chromated wood preservatives
1988 - IRG/WP 3483
Weathering of treated wood directly after impregnation leaches up to 2% of copper-chromate-containing wood preservatives. Almost total fixation of Cr+6 is achieved by steaming the treated wood at 100°C to 120°C, preferably 110°C. To initiate such spontaneous fixation 85°C to 90°C inside the wood are essential, which requires heating times ranging from 20 to 80 min, depending on timber species...
R-D Peek, H Willeitner
Modification of wood by graft treatment
2003 - IRG/WP 03-40257
New water-repellent systems for wood are needed to improve the weathering characteristics. This study found that treatment of wood with chemical grafting systems imparted substantial water repellency. Different direct oxidative grafting systems were examined. Specifically, KMnO4, Fe(NH4)(SO4)2·12H2O, Fe2(SO4)3·5H2O, and (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6 were used as initiators and styrene as the monomer. All the...
M M Morshed, D D Nicholas, C Pittman Jr, T Schultz
Extracellular substance from the white rot basidiomycete Irpex lacteus involved in wood degradation
1992 - IRG/WP 92-1571
Cellulases, phenol oxidase, and a substance that both produced and reduced H2O2 were isolated from cultures containing wood or glucose on which the white-rot fungus Irpex lacteus was growing. The rate of wood degradation by the fungus with different amounts of glucose in the medium was measured. More of the substance that produced and reduced H2O2 was found extracellularly in cultures containing w...
H Tanaka, T Hirano, G Fuse, A Enoki
Valid scientific names of wood-decaying fungi in construction timber and their vernacular names in England, Germany, France, Sweden, Norway and Denmark
1992 - IRG/WP 92-1546
The valid scientific names of 100 species of wood decaying fungi in construction timber are listed, the citation of authors' names is standardized, and an index of the most commonly used synonyms is compiled. For each species vernacular names used in England, Germany, France, Sweden, Norway and Denmark are listed. The list of names is an attempt to update the current use of the most impor...
F Rune, A P Koch
Non-destructive detection of the presence and behaviour patterns of wood-destroying insects
1988 - IRG/WP 2302
An apparatus, designed for the automatic recognition of the presence and of specific behaviour patterns of wood-boring insects, is introduced. From a wood sample, a mixture of noise and action induced substratum vibrations is picked up, amplified, filtered and translated into a sequence of computer-readable numbers which are passed to a microcomputer-based signal-pattern-recognition. If an incomin...
M Pallaske
Preservative treatment of Gollah cane (Daemonorops jenkinsiana) by soaking method
2001 - IRG/WP 01-40197
The feasibility of preservative treatment of gollah cane (Daemonorops jenkinsiana (Griff.) Mart.) by soaking method was tested in the present study. Cane samples of 1m, 2m and 3m long were soaked with 10% borax and boric acid solution. The study revealed that adequate dry salt retention (DSR) in the above samples could be obtained in 3 days, 4 days and 5 days of soaking, respectively. Within these...
M Younus-uzzaman, K Akhter, M H Chowdhury
Role of wood preservation in bioconservation and protection of environment
1997 - IRG/WP 97-50082
In order to meet a revolutionary task of bioconservation and protection of environment through preservation of less important and nondurable timbers from tropical zones, 170 timber species from Bangladesh were screened. Air-dried (12% MC) 170 different species of timbers, full cell pressure impregnated with 5% CCB solution revealed satisfactory treatability of all timbers for long-term indoor uses...
A K Lahiry
Evaluation of outdoor weathering performance of modified wood
2004 - IRG/WP 04-20296
Interlace treated, oil treated, silicon treated as well as untreated Scots pine samples have been exposed outdoors. For evaluating the samples on their long term performance an internal standard had been developed. Parameters to be determined were the uptake of liquid water (submersion test), weight variation during exposure, crack performance, surface roughness and colour change.
This paper disc...
Y Schulte, S Donath, A Krause, H Militz
Computer-assisted ranking of potential biocontrol fungi based on data from laboratory screening trials
1993 - IRG/WP 93-10023
Forty two fungal isolates were screened for antibiotic activity. In these sceering tests inhibition of target wood decay fungi was expressed as a series of numerical scores for each isolate. These scores, along with values for 5 other charactetistics, were used to assess the isolates. Using selection indices, isolates were judged on the basis of all the characteristics combined and, ranked in orde...
M W Schoeman, D J Dickinson
Chelator production and cellobiose dehydrogenase activity of wood inhabiting fungi
2000 - IRG/WP 00-10363
Multiple components have been postulated to be involved in the Fenton-based biological degradation of wood by brown rot fungi. Chelators have been implicated in essential iron reduction steps. Cellobiose dehydrogenase activity and quinone reducing activity have also been implicated in brown rot biodegradation. When biochelator production by three white rot fungi, three brown rot fungi and three wo...
Weihong Qi, J Jellison
Chemical Remediation of Beech Condensates
2004 - IRG/WP 04-50221
In the present work, The beech wood condensate are subsequently separated from the aqueous phase. Experimental results reveal the electrostatic interaction between the oppositely charged wood extracts after oxidation and Ca(OH)2. The influence of parameters such as pH, oxidation were studied. The increase in aqueous phase pH resulted in enhanced removal of wood extracts from water. The effect of p...
M Irmouli, J P Haluk
Field evaluation of the above-ground susceptibility of Pinus heartwood and untreated or treated sapwood to two species of Australian subterranean termites
1996 - IRG/WP 96-10147
Plantation-grown Pinus elliottii, Pinus caribaea and Pinus radiata specimens containing heartwood and untreated or preservative-treated sapwood were exposed above ground to the subterranean termites Coptotermes acinaciformis or Mastotermes darwiniensis near Sydney (NSW), Brisbane and Townsville (Qld), and Darwin (NT), using a variety of exposure techniques. Heartwood of Pinus elliottii and Pinus c...
M J Kennedy, J W Creffield, R H Eldridge, B C Peters
Laboratory studies on control of sapstain and mold on unseasoned wood by bacteria
1991 - IRG/WP 1493
A malt-agar and nonagar laboratory test was used to evaluate the efficacy of bacterial preparations as biological control agents against several sapwood-inhabiting fungi. Both nonsterilized and filter sterilized bacteria preparations prevented attack by the sapwood-inhabiting fungi. Streptomyces rimosus was the most effective bacteria, giving good protection, with a 1-hr soak in a filter-sterilize...
T L Highley, R Benko, S C Croan