Your search resulted in 214 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
Xylophene AS™, the challenge of developing a modern antisapstain formulation for the french market
2000 - IRG/WP 00-30250
In France Sodium Pentachlorophenol (NaPCP) has been used for more than 40 years for the protection of freshly cut and unseasoned lumber. The French sawmill industry requires a protection of 6 months and maximum 10% surface infection by moulds and/or sapstain fungi. However, this active substance did have some serious environmental flaws and no authorisation was granted for a direct contact of NaPC...
E Wozniak, L Cubizolles, N Delourme Fonseca, A R Valcke, J Gors
Sapstain fungi associated with soft wood species in Kerala, India
1998 - IRG/WP 98-10260
Most of the packing case, plywood and match industries distributed throughout Kerala State, India utilise different timber species. The major problem in the utilisation of these species is their susceptibility to fungal sapstain and mould growth due to the conducive climatic conditions in the State. Several wood-based industries were surveyed and based on the economic importance and extent of saps...
E J M Florence, J K Sharma, R Gnanaharan
Evaluation of chlorothalonil for stain and mould control on lumber
1992 - IRG/WP 92-3713
Chlorothalonil is a commercially important fungicide with many industrial and agricultural applications. It has a very low mammalian toxicity and is considered to be an environmentally benign material. This paper describes the laboratory evaluation of chlorothalonil as a wood antisapstain treatment. Chlorothalonil was tested as three formulation types - an emulsifiable concentrate (EC), a water-ba...
P E Laks, T L Woods, D L Richter
The use of preservative containing waste wood as substrate for growing greenhouse crops
1993 - IRG/WP 93-50011
In the Netherlands a large amount of waste wood and wood waste is produced every year. An important part of this amount comes from the pallet and packaging industries. One of the possibilities to re-use this relatively clean material is to convert it into substrates for growing crops in glass houses instead of the commonly used materials such as rock wool and glass wool. In this research, the infl...
W J Homan,H Militz
Screening of the efficacy of tall oils against wood decaying fungi
2004 - IRG/WP 04-30354
Tall oil is a by-product in pulping of resinous wood by the sulphate process. Tall oil contains a complex mixture of wood extractives. Some of these extractives act as natural protection against wood decaying fungi while other serve as nutrition for the fungi.
This report describes a screening of the efficacy of four refined tall oils with different chemical composition on wood decaying fungi. ...
G Alfredsen, P O Flæte, A Temiz, M Eikenes, H Militz
Assessing the leachability of chlorothalonil and methylene bis thiocyanate from antisapstain treated radiata pine
1998 - IRG/WP 98-30176
Rain wash-off and leaching of antisapstain fungicides from wood may cause pollution of waterways and may also lead to a decrease in the efficacy of a formulation against fungal degrade as chemicals deplete from the timber surface.
In the current study, the leachability of chlorothalonil (CTL) and methylene bis thiocyanate (MBT), the active ingredients of a commercial antisapstain formulation, was...
B Kreber, T L Woods
Characterisations of the mode of action(s) of Methylene bisthiocyanate (MBT) in Ophiostoma floccosum
2005 - IRG/WP 05-10554
Potassium (K+) leakage, oxygen consumption, glucose depletion and level of ATP formation were determined to elucidate the potential target site(s) of MBT on the sapstain fungus O. floccosum. Treatment of O. floccosum with MBT caused an efflux of intracellular K+ ions from the cells, and the rate of leakage increased with increasing MBT concentrations up to a certain value. This observation sugge...
T Singh, B Kreber, A Stewart, M Jaspers
Use of mixed populations of microflora to control sapstain on radiata pine
2002 - IRG/WP 02-10427
Most methods of biological control in the wood products field have focused on the use of single species of fungi or bacteria to control sapstain or decay. The approach taken in this study involved applying soil microorganisms, in combination with nutrients and various adjuvants that collectively form the biological control system.
Radiata pine branch discs, autoclaved or fresh, were dipped in ...
C Chittenden, R Wakeling, B Kreber
Investigation of the suitability of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) for thermal modification
2004 - IRG/WP 04-40275
In this study the suitability of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) was examined for thermal modification. Comparative experimental investigations were performed with silver fir and Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) after thermal treatments. Besides properties, which characterize the quality of heat treatments, like dimensional stability and resistance against fungal attack, strength properties of the...
C Brischke, A O Rapp
Laboratory studies on control of sapstain and mold on unseasoned wood by bacteria
1991 - IRG/WP 1493
A malt-agar and nonagar laboratory test was used to evaluate the efficacy of bacterial preparations as biological control agents against several sapwood-inhabiting fungi. Both nonsterilized and filter sterilized bacteria preparations prevented attack by the sapwood-inhabiting fungi. Streptomyces rimosus was the most effective bacteria, giving good protection, with a 1-hr soak in a filter-sterilize...
T L Highley, R Benko, S C Croan
Growth of sapstain fungi in scots pine and the effect of timber ageing
1998 - IRG/WP 98-10269
A trial was initiated to study the growth of known isolates of sapstain fungi in scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) which had been naturally aged or sterilised by autoclaving or irradiation. Sawlogs cut from commercial thinnings were reduced to billet size and the exposed ends were painted with a bituminous sealant to reduce moisture loss. Some billets were inoculated after autoclaving or gamma-irradia...
N J Strong, J F Webber, R A Eaton
Field tests with Antiblue and Biocide TT for the prevention of sapstain and mould fungi on Pinus elliottii timber
1992 - IRG/WP 92-3682
Freshly cut and sawn Pinus elliottii timber was dipped in four concentrations of Antiblue (active ingredient sodium pentachlorophenate) and Biucide TT (local substitute), at four immersion times and stacked in the open at Chisengu sawmill. Five weeks later, the timber was assessed for the incidence and intensity of stain and mould. The results showed that Antiblue was the better chemical providing...
A J Masuka
Influences of the hydro-thermal treatment on physical properties of beech wood (Fagus orientalis)
2005 - IRG/WP 05-40303
Influences of the hydro-thermal treatment on physical properties of beech wood were studied. Wood specimens (2×2×2cm) were treated in two steps. At first step, samples were treated at 160,180 & 200ºC for 4, 5 & 6 hours. At second step, treated samples were cured based on their first step treatment temperatures (160,180 & 200ºC) for 16 hours. The treated samples were soaked in water...
B Mohebby, I Sanaei
Sapstain development on Jack pine logs in Eastern Canada
2000 - IRG/WP 00-10358
During 1998-99, a study was initiated to investigate the influence of seasons, log types and storage time on the sapstain development on jack pine logs at two sites in Eastern Canada. Jack pine trees (Pinus banksiana) were harvested into whole-tree and cut-to-length logs in spring and in autumn. Sapstain development was examined in these logs at 2 to 4 week intervals after felling. The mean stain ...
Dian-Qing Yang, R Beauregard
Time limits for holding logs to achieve successful antisapstain treatment
1997 - IRG/WP 97-30126
The purpose of these trials was to determine the maximum time that logs can be left in winter and summer before treatment if sapstain, caused by pre-treatment infection, was to be prevented. Pre-treatment storage conditions representative of average temperature and humidity for the winter months of June, July and August, and of moderately severe summer conditions, for the Bay of Plenty, New Zealan...
D R Eden, R N Wakeling, C M Chittenden, J G Van der Waals, B Carpenter
A comparative study of some anti-splitting devices, using Eucalyptus saligna and hybrids of Eucalyptus saligna X Eucalyptus spp poles
1983 - IRG/WP 3251
It is commom for some Brazilian wood pole users to require devices such as banding steel, to avoid or reduce splits at the end of Eucalyptus treated poles. On other hand users and manufacturers do not have data to confirm the effectiveness of the banding steel types normally used such as galvanized "Steel-Belt" and galvanized "Wire-Belt". For this reason a comparative study was carried out includi...
F C Geraldo, J A C Sodré
New applications of silafluofen to termite control
2001 - IRG/WP 01-30274
Silafluofen-based termiticides are widely used for soil and timber treatments in Japan, as silafluofen possesses advantageous properties of low fish toxicity and high chemical stability (to light, in soil, in alkaline environments, etc) in addition to high termiticidal activity and low mammalian toxicity. As new applications of silafluofen to termite control, we have developed another type of prod...
K Nakayama, Y Minamite, S Koike, Y Katsuda, K Nishimoto
Colonisation and detection of New Zealand sapstain fungi
2000 - IRG/WP 00-10329
Sapstain is the bluish black discolouration in logs and timber caused in New Zealand by Sphaeropsis sapinea (Diploida pinea) and more than twenty different species of the Ophiostomataceae Family. Laboratory and field trials were conducted by inoculating radiata pine to establish staining colour and extent of colonisation with various New Zealand sapstaining fungal species. Colonisation patterns, c...
J M Thwaites, R L Farrell
Organic nitrogen in wood: Growth substrates for a sapstain fungus
1993 - IRG/WP 93-10019
The nitrogen content of mature wood from lodgepole pine was 0.046% as determined by micro-Kjeldahl. Low molecular weight proteins between 14 and 21 kDa were identified in mature wood, branch wood and sap pressed from wood chips. Amino acids were quantified in acid-hydrolyzed wood samples and accounted for between 19 and 35% of the nitrogen in wood. The sapstaining ascomycete Ophiostoma piceae stra...
L D Abraham, C Breuil
Variable tolerance of Ophiostoma spp. and Diplodia pinea to commercial antisapstain products
1998 - IRG/WP 98-10266
A recent survey of the occurrence of sapstain fungi in New Zealand, conducted at The University of Waikato, provided the opportunity to examine fungicidal tolerance amongst new isolates. It also enabled a comparison of tolerance amongst new isolates with those used in routine antisapstain screening trials at Forest Research.
A rapid antisapstain laboratory disc trial was used to determine the ext...
D R Eden, C M Chittenden, B Kreber, J G Van der Waals, R N Wakeling, R L Farrell, T Harrington
The suitability of isothiazolone microemulsions as long term wood preservatives
1997 - IRG/WP 97-30150
Microemulsion formulations of 4,5 dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one were investigated to determine the leaching potential of these formulation types as well as their efficacy against decay fungi. These patented low leaching formulations exhibited good anti fungal efficacy in standard tests combined with minimal leaching of the active ingredient from the wood. The data suggests that the excel...
B M Hegarty, Bing Yu, L E Leightley
Effect of thickened boron in preventing conidial germination of sapwood-inhabiting fungi
1994 - IRG/WP 94-30059
We evaluated the efficacy of thickened boron preservative "Diffusolä" in preventing conidia germination of sapwood-inhabiting fungi using plate bioassay, Southern Yellow Pine and sweetgum block tests, and green pine log sections. The test fungi were sapstain fungi Ceratocystis coerulescens, Ceratocystis minor, and Aureobasidum pullulans and mold fungi, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium spp, and Tric...
S C Croan
Effect of origin and orientation of Radiata pine substrates on the development of fungal degrade
2000 - IRG/WP 00-30221
The objective of this study was to determine the influence of different radiata pine substrates on colonisation by sapstain fungi. Freshly-cut branch wood, stem wood and sawn lumber were used to prepare test samples with the largest wood surface area showing a transverse, radial or tangential face. Test samples were evaluated against sapstain fungi using a rapid laboratory antisapstain screening m...
B Kreber, D R Eden, C M Chittenden, B Carpenter, J G Van der Waals
Sentry®), a new antisapstain formulation for protecting logs and lumber. - Part 1: advances in protection of New Zealand radiata pine logs
1999 - IRG/WP 99-30188
Until recently antisapstain formulations gave approximately 10 weeks protection to radiata pine logs and even within this time frame protection was often not consistent. Industry requires 20 weeks protection. The degree of protection sought by industry is in the order of 90-95%. For example, this equates to a maximum of 5 - 10% surface cover of sapstain in the first whole veneer produced from a pe...
R N Wakeling, D R Eden, C M Chittenden, J G Van der Waals, B Carpenter, I Dorset, R Kuluz, J Wakeman, T Price, B Nairn
Characteristics of the pigments produced by sap-staining fungi
1997 - IRG/WP 97-10223
The present study was conducted to characterize the pigments produced by sap-staining fungi, Aureobasidium pullulans (de Bary) Arnaud and Ceratocystis piceae (Münch) H. and P. Sydow. The pigments isolated from tested fungi were identified as melanins by spectroscopic methods (UV and infrared spectra). The UV and the infrared spectra of the fungal pigments were similar to those of the synthetic me...
M Mori, M Takahashi