Your search resulted in 654 documents. Displaying 25 entries per page.
The effect of additives on copper losses from alkaline copper treated wood
2007 - IRG/WP 07-50246
The replacement of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) by alkaline copper compounds has heightened awareness of the potential impact of copper losses on aquatic organisms. While there remains a healthy debate concerning the actual risk of copper leaching from wood preservatives into aquatic ecosystems, it is clear that reducing these losses will be necessary to avoid continued regulatory actions aga...
J Mitsuhashi, J J Morrell, L Jin, A F Preston
Treatment of Green Logs infested by Exotic Pest: Case Study of the Emerald Ash Borer: Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire
2007 - IRG/WP 07-10628
Invasive alien insect species periodically infest forests in the United States causing the destruction of plant species and decimating populations, resulting in significant economic and ecological losses for areas involved. The Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) was first discovered on North American soil in the summer of 2002 near Detroit, Michigan and has since spread to several other Midwestern states and...
P Nzokou, S Tourtellot, D P Kamdem
Durability of timber from exotic species against termite attack in Indian conditions
2007 - IRG/WP 07-10629
Exotic trees species, Acacia mangium Willd. and A. auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth. and their hybrid are widely grown in India for multiple uses including use as timber. It is essential to know the natural durability of timbers against termites for predicting the service life of the timber and deciding on the application of preservatives to enhance the durability. Studies were conducted to test t...
O K Remadevi, R Muthukrishnan
Evaluating the Process of ACQ-Treated Woods with TGAand CEM Analysis
2007 - IRG/WP 07-20374
To provide an understanding of the fundamental thermal behaviour and the disposal-end products of ACQ-treated woods, this study is comprised of two categories of examination. The first is related to the use of TGA under different thermal decomposition conditions (nitrogen or air, and 5 or 40 oC/min), and the use of EDX to examine certain residual elements of the char. The second applies the CEM ...
Han Chien Lin, Tsang-Chyi Shiah, Jung Ting Tsai
Developments in Borate Treatment of Canadian Species for Decay and Termite Resistance
2007 - IRG/WP 07-30443
The increased interest in boron treatment of wood over the past 20 years is mainly due to its environmental acceptability, potentially deep penetration in wood, and its efficacy against decay and termites. Based on Forintek’s research in the past two decades, the boron penetration and retention requirements for decay and termite protection in various national and international standards for Cana...
Jieying Wang, P Morris, S McFarling, T Byrne
Performance of softwood preservative treated stakes after 4 years exposure in-ground to decay fungi and termites in tropical Australia
2008 - IRG/WP 08-10643
This field study was based on the 1993 IUFRO method and designed as a graveyard (in-ground) test in the tropical region of the Northern Territory to examine the efficacy of novel preservative formulations developed as alternative protection for softwood timber against decay fungi and termites for Hazard Class 3 and 4. This study was supported by the Forest and Wood Products
Research and Develop...
B M Ahmed (Shiday), J R J French, S R Przewloka, P Vinden, J A Hann, P Blackwell
Field Trial of Copper Treated Moso Bamboo in Southern China
2008 - IRG/WP 08-30455
The field trial of moso bamboo treated by 9 copper preservatives for 5 years in Guangzhou was conducted in the paper. The result shown that: two ammonia based copper azole formulations F17/F18 and 1 amine copper formulation with boron F10, as well as 2 ammonia based ACQ, at the copper retention of 3.2 kg/m3 or above, have good resistant for decay and fine resistant for termites after 5 year field ...
Mingliang Jiang
Influence of Polyvinyl acetate emulsion (PVA) on boron leaching and fungicidal properties
2008 - IRG/WP 08-30451
Boron compounds are very effective fungicides, but unfortunately they leach from wood. In order to improve boron fixation, boric acid, borax were combined with polyvinyl acetate emulsion (PVA). For comparison copper salts were included into this research as well. Selected preservative solutions were chosen for impregnation of Norway spruce wood specimens (Picea abies). Wood blocks were exposed to ...
M Humar, B Lesar, P Kralj
Preliminary evaluation of efficacy of copper in combination with boron and NHA (N'-N-(1, 8-naphthalyl) hydroxylamine) against wood decay
2008 - IRG/WP 08-30452
In this study, efficacy of various combinations of copper sulfate with either boric acid or calcium precipitating agent, NHA-Na (N'-N-(1, 8-naphthalyl) hydroxylamine) was evaluated. Wood specimens were treated with either 1%, 0.5%, or 0.1% concentrations of copper sulfate, boric acid, NHA-Na, copper sulfate + boric acid, or copper sulfate + NHA-Na mixtures. Treated specimens were subjecte...
E Terzi, C Köse, S N Kartal
Field Stake Tests with Copper-based Preservatives
2008 - IRG/WP 08-30459
The performance of field test stakes derived from commercially produced ground contact retention
copper quat preservatives based on either soluble copper complexed with ethanolamine, or from a water-based suspension of particulate micronized copper compounds, as well as untreated southern yellow pine controls, is compared at two decay test sites. After less than one year in field test some of t...
A Preston, L Jin, D Nicholas, A Zahora, P Walcheski, K Archer, T Schultz
Above and Below-Ground Copper-Azole and Copper, Chrome Arsenate Depletion from Pinus radiata and Fagus sylvatica at Thirteen New Zealand & Australian Sites
2008 - IRG/WP 08-30460
The objective was to determine the significance of site on preservative depletion from Pinus radiata D. Don and Fagus sylvatica L. 20 x 20 x 500 mm field test stakes treated with a ground contact retention of copper amine plus tebuconazole (CuAz) and copper chrome arsenate (CCA) after approximately 5 years exposure to widely different soil and climate conditions. Site, wood species and their inter...
R Wakeling
Formation and Structure of Metal Azole Complexes
2008 - IRG/WP 08-30469
Divalent copper and zinc complexes with metal:azole ratio 1:2 were readily formed at room temperature with the fungicides tebuconazole and propiconazole. The structure of copper and zinc tebuconazole acetate and zinc cis-propiconazole chloride were examined by X-ray crystallography. In copper tebuconazole acetate, the copper atom lies on a crystallographic inversion centre and is coordinated to tw...
P D Evans, K J Schmalzl, C M Forsyth, G D Fallon, S Schmid, B Bendixen, S Heimdal
Soft Rot Determines Service Life of L-joints with Low Borate Loading
2008 - IRG/WP 08-30470
As part of a research program on the potential use of borates by the Canadian wood products industry, Forintek set up an L-joint test of untreated and borate-diffusion treated hem-fir (western
hemlock and amabilis fir) in 1990. The treated material had a low initial retention of only 0.2% boric acid equivalent and analysis after 5 years revealed no detectable borate close to the tenon. Nev...
P I Morris, J Wang, J K Ingram
Micro-Distribution of Micronized Copper in Southern Pine
2008 - IRG/WP 08-30479
For copper-based preservatives to be used in ground contact, penetration of copper into the cell wall is believed to be important to protect the wood from soft rot fungi. Preservatives containing soluble copper are known to do this. It is not known whether preservatives containing particulate copper will also migrate into the cell wall in sufficient quantities to control soft rot decay. An AWPA st...
R Stirling, J Drummond, Jun Zhang, R J Ziobro
Accelerated fixation of ACQ-D treated Chinese fir with different post-treatments
2008 - IRG/WP 08-40400
With the enhanced focus on the environmental impact of the preservative-treated wood in recent years, it is necessary to perform some post treatments to prevent contamination of soil and ground water and reduce copper losses from ACQ treated wood in service. In this study, the potential of hot air, hot water, steaming and microwave post treatments to accelerate the fixation of copper in ACQ-D trea...
Lili Yu, Jinzhen Cao, P A Cooper
Effects of Murgul Copper Process flue gases (SO2) on compression strength parallel to the grain of Beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.) wood
2008 - IRG/WP 08-40404
In this study was investigated the effect on the compression strength parallel to the grain as mechanical properties of Fagus orientalis Lipsky. wood exposed to SO2 gas and non-exposed.
In the experiments the two of four (total) were obtained from Artvin-Ortaköy region and the other two from Artvin-Murgul region. The compression strength parallel to the grain was calculated at the compare of ...
N Ay, E Topaloglu, A Uncu
Effects of acetic acid and nitric acid pre-treatment on copper content of spruce wood treated with CBA-A and CCA
2008 - IRG/WP 08-40406
This work investigates the effects of nitric acid and acetic acid on compression strength values and copper retention contents of refractory spruce wood (Picea oriental L.) treated with the waterborne preservative Copper azole, (CBA-A, Tanalith-E 3492) and copper / chrom / arsenic (CCA). Before the CBA-A and CCA treatment, the samples were immersed in 500 ml of nitric and acetic acid solutions for...
S Yildiz, E Dizman, Ü C Yildiz
Bending Properties of Southern Pine Treated with Micronized Preservative Systems
2008 - IRG/WP 08-40414
This study indicates that treatment of southern pine with micronized copper systems have no
deleterious effect on the residual strength property values. No statistical differences between wood treated with micronized systems and water-treated controls were noted when means were compared using either Tukey’s test or S-N-K mean comparison tests. Using the more discriminating Least Squares anal...
H M Barnes, G B Lindsey, J Hill, M Pompeo, R Hodge
Effects of planning and sanding on penetration and retention properties of some softwood species treated with copper azole
2008 - IRG/WP 08-40410
This work investigates the effect of some woodworking treatments on penetration and retention properties of four different (scotch pine—SP, Siberian scotch pine—SSP, Siberian larch—SL, and oriental spruce—OS) heartwood species with the waterborne preservative copper azole (CBA-A). A 2.4% active ingredient solution of CBA-A was applied for use in vacuum/pressure treatment of the heartwood s...
Ü C Yildiz, S Yildiz
The effects of zinc borate treatment of wood strands on some technological properties of oriented strandboard (OSB)
2008 - IRG/WP 08-40419
In this study, influences of zinc borate treatment on some technological properties of oriented strandboard (OSB), from aspen wood (Populus euroamericana cv.) were evaluated. Therefore, a total of nine panels with dimensions of 40 cm by 40 cm by 1.8 cm and with an average target density of 0.65 g/cm3 were manufactured under the laboratory conditions. Experimental panels were manufactured at two di...
A D Çavdar, H Kalaycioglu, G Nemli
Variations of Furfuryl alcohol and Wolmanit CX-8 treatability of pine sapwood within and between trees
2008 - IRG/WP 08-40421
The variations on the ratio of filling (RoF) were investigated on Norwegian grown Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). The samples were taken from 10 different stands in south-east Norway, and treated with furfuryl alcohol and a copper-containing wood preservative. Both within tree variations, between tree variations and variations between stands were investigated for significant differences. Factors li...
E Larnøy, S Lande, G I Vestøl
Thermochemical Remediation of Preservative-Treated Wood
2008 - IRG/WP 08-50254
Remediation methods continue to be developed and refined for CCA-treated wood in order to divert this material from landfills and create secondary products from the wood fiber. A two-step thermochemical remediation method was developed to assess the efficiency of metal removal from CCA-treated spruce flakes. Nearly all the metals (As, Cr, and Cu) were thermochemically extracted from chromated copp...
R Sabo, C A Clausen, J E Winandy
Leachability of Arsenic, Chromium and Copper from Weathered Treated Wood
2008 - IRG/WP 08-50255
The objective of this study was to quantify the loss of arsenic, chromium and copper from weathered treated wood under normal field conditions as most residential structures currently in service in the U.S. have been constructed at least 3 years ago. For comparison, leaching from different retention levels of weathered CCA treated wood (low, medium and high) is compared to leaching from new ACQ tr...
A R Hasan, Ligang Hu, H M Solo-Gabriele, Yong Cai, L A Fieber
Australian trials on the efficacy of micronized copper
2008 - IRG/WP 08-30480
Alkaline copper quat (ACQ) is an established wood preservative that is formulated with solubilised copper in amine solvent. This paper describes three separate trials in Australia that investigated whether substituting soluble copper with micronized copper affects performance. ACQ and micronized copper quat (MCQ) gave similar performance in Pinus radiata against four brown-rotting fungi in a soil-...
L J Cookson, J W Creffield, K J McCarthy, D K Scown
Biological efficacy of micronized copper systems
2008 - IRG/WP 08-30485
Soil block, fungal cellar and field stake test data will be presented for micronized copper systems. The copper portion of the formulations is present as a fine dispersion of "micro" particulates while the co-biocide is present as either a soluble quat or an azole containing emulsion. This testing generally used the amine based counterpart as the control preservative system and the micronized fo...
C R McIntyre, M H Freeman